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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Point Four and the Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States during the Early Cold War

By: Melanie Sheehan
This article traces business influence in the formulation of the Point Four technical assistance program, the first US Cold War-era international development program. It focuses specifically on business interest associations’ efforts to secure federal incentives to... View Details
Keywords: Point Four Program; Business Interest Association; International Development; Cold War; Foreign Direct Investment; Business History; Business and Government Relations
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

How to Fix ESG Reporting

By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
Investors, advocacy groups, academics, and the 200 CEOs of the US Business Roundtable have asked corporations to take on an added purpose beyond a narrow pursuit of shareholder value. In response, many companies now issue ESG (Environmental, Societal, and Governance)... View Details
Keywords: ESG Reporting; Sustainability; Corporate Purpose; Greenhouse Gas; Activity-Based Costing; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Goals and Objectives; Agreements and Arrangements; Corporate Accountability
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  • 09 Jul 2024
  • Research & Ideas

Chance Encounters: What's at Stake in Return-to-Office Decisions

home. But they also used real numbers to measure productivity and saw the exact opposite in the non-subjective evaluations, so there was a disconnect between what was perceived to be going on by employees vs. what the actual numbers were... View Details
Keywords: by Jen McFarland Flint, HBS Alumni Bulletin
  • Research Summary

The Asymmetric Effect of Discount Retraction on Subsequent Choice

This paper examines the subsequent impact of a temporary price discount on brand preference after the promotion is retracted. Theorizing that price salience has an impact on price sensitivity, we propose that the effects of retracting a discount depend on the promoted... View Details
  • Article

What Makes a Critic Tick? Connected Authors and the Determinants of Book Reviews

By: Loretti I. Dobrescu, Michael Luca and Alberto Motta
This paper investigates the determinants of expert reviews in the book industry. Reviews are determined not only by the quality of the product, but also by the incentives of the media outlet providing the review. For example, a media outlet may have the incentive to... View Details
Keywords: Quality; Media; Relationships; Marketing Reference Programs; Books; Publishing Industry
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  • 26 Mar 2012
  • Research & Ideas

What Neuroscience Tells Us About Consumer Desire

brain-tracking tools to determine why we prefer some products over others. "People are fairly good at expressing what they want, what they like, or even how much they will pay for an item," says Uma R. Karmarkar, an assistant... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel; Consumer Products
  • 2022
  • Working Paper

How Do Investors Value ESG?

By: Malcolm Baker, Mark Egan and Suproteem K. Sarkar
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) objectives have risen to near the top of the agenda for corporate executives and boards, driven in large part by their perceptions of shareholder interest. We quantify the value that shareholders place on ESG using a revealed... View Details
Keywords: Investment; Investment Portfolio; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Shareholder Relations; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • 2009
  • Other Paper

Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries

By: Laura Alfaro, Paola Conconi, Andrew F. Newman and Harald Fadinger
We examine how trade policy affects firms' organizational choices. We embed a model of firms' vertical integration decisions into a standard perfectly-competitive international trade framework. In the model, integration decisions are driven by a trade-off... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Policy; Ownership; Business and Government Relations; Vertical Integration; Boundaries
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  • 2013
  • Chapter

Growth and the Quality of Foreign Direct Investment: Is All FDI Equal?

By: Laura Alfaro and Andrew Charlton
In this paper we distinguish different "qualities" of FDI to re-examine the relationship between FDI and growth. We use "quality" to mean the effect of a unit of FDI on economic growth. However, this is difficult to establish because it is a function of many different... View Details
Keywords: Quality; Economic Growth; Foreign Direct Investment
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  • December 2007
  • Article

Adoption of Information Technology under Network Effects

By: Deishin Lee and Haim Mendelson
Because information technologies are often characterized by network effects, compatibility is an important issue. Although total network value is maximized when everyone operates in one compatible network, we find that the technology benefits of the users depend on... View Details
Keywords: Network Effects; Standards; Competitive Strategy; Customization and Personalization; Information Technology; Technology Adoption
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  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries

By: Laura Alfaro, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger and Andrew F. Newman
We study how trade policy affects firms' ownership structures. We embed an incomplete contracts model of vertical integration choices into a standard perfectly-competitive international trade framework. Integration decisions are driven by a trade-off between the... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Policy; Vertical Integration; Business and Government Relations; Boundaries; Ownership; Mathematical Methods
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  • November–December 2014
  • Article

Accountable? The Problems and Solutions of Online Ad Optimization

By: Benjamin Edelman
Online advertising might seem to be the most measurable form of marketing ever invented. Comprehensive records can track who clicked what ad—and often who saw what ad—to compare those clicks with users' subsequent purchases. Ever-cheaper IT makes this tracking... View Details
Keywords: Online Advertising; Fraud; Optimization; Incentives; Digital Marketing; Contracts; Marketing Strategy; Organizational Design
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  • 2013
  • Working Paper

The Auditing Oligopoly and Lobbying on Accounting Standards

By: Abigail M. Allen, Karthik Ramanna and Sugata Roychowdhury
We examine how the tightening of the U.S. auditing oligopoly over the last twenty-five years—from the Big 8 to the Big 6, the Big 5, and, then, the Big 4—has affected the incentives of the Big N, as manifest in their lobbying preferences on accounting standards. We... View Details
Keywords: Standards; Accounting Audits; Accounting Industry; United States
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  • 09 Apr 2007
  • Research & Ideas

Industry Self-Regulation: What’s Working (and What’s Not)?

few researchers have looked to see whether firms that adopt it have subsequently seen increased revenues or share prices. But there's almost no research that examines whether this quality standard actually helps firms improve quality. Quality is difficult to View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace
  • 18 Mar 2009
  • Research & Ideas

Marketing After the Recession

quality, measured objectively, has remained constant. Stay focused on costs. Many manufacturing industries (as opposed to services industries) are plagued by global overcapacity, relative even to pre-recession demand. Combined with excess... View Details
Keywords: by John Quelch; Retail
  • 02 Jul 2010
  • What Do You Think?

Is Profit as a “Direct Goal” Overrated?

illustration of that point; BP is very profitable, but there is official evidence that it continues to compromise safety.) Gerald Nanninga, on the other hand, argued that profit is a default measure, commenting that "It is easier to View Details
Keywords: by Jim Heskett
  • 25 Apr 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research, April 25

Economics & Management Strategy Measuring Consumer Preferences for Video Content Provision via Cord-Cutting Behavior By: Prince, Jeffrey, and Shane Greenstein Abstract—The television industry is... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Do Lenders Still Discriminate? A Robust Approach for Assessing Differences in Menus

By: David Hao Zhang and Paul Willen
We use a new methodology to assess mortgage pricing discrimination by race. We make four main contributions. First, we show that existing estimates of mortgage pricing differences by race can be confounded by a "menu problem," which is the problem associated with... View Details
Keywords: Mortgages; Financing and Loans; Prejudice and Bias; Race; Measurement and Metrics; Banking Industry; United States
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  • Web

Faculty & Research

Using large language models to measure firms' climate solution products and services, we find that high-climate solution firms exhibit lower stock returns and higher market valuation multiples. Their stock prices respond positively to... View Details
  • 28 Aug 2023
  • Research & Ideas

The Clock Is Ticking: 3 Ways to Manage Your Time Better

biomedical research institute. We measured employees’ daily work locations using building-badge swipe data, as well as various work and work-life outcomes via biweekly surveys. We found that each employee’s individual outcomes—such as... View Details
Keywords: by Kristen Senz