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    • All HBS Web  (1,016)
      • Faculty Publications  (172)

      Operational EfficiencyRemove Operational Efficiency →

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      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Do Banks Have an Edge?

      By: Juliane Begenau and Erik Stafford
      Overall, no! We show that the level and time series variation in cash flows for most bank activities are well matched by capital market portfolios with similar interest rate and credit risk to what banks report to hold. Ignoring operating expenses, bank loans earn high... View Details
      Keywords: Banks; Market Efficiency; Bank Capital; Bank Debt; CAPM; Banking; Bank Deposits; Bank Funding Advantage; Leverage; Maturity Transformation; Replicating Portfolio; Efficiency; Banks and Banking; Capital Markets; Performance Evaluation; Performance Efficiency; Banking Industry; United States
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      Begenau, Juliane, and Erik Stafford. "Do Banks Have an Edge?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-060, January 2018. (Revised October 2019.)
      • August 2017 (Revised September 2018)
      • Case

      Accounting Turbulence at Boeing

      By: Jonas Heese, Suraj Srinivasan, David Lane and James Barnett
      Unlike its rival Airbus, Boeing had used a practice called program accounting to record its commercial aircraft expenses since the 1980s. Program accounting allowed Boeing to expense estimated average costs instead of the actual production costs of an aircraft. This... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Recognition; Program Accounting; Airline Industry; Accounting; Production; Cost; Air Transportation Industry
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      Heese, Jonas, Suraj Srinivasan, David Lane, and James Barnett. "Accounting Turbulence at Boeing." Harvard Business School Case 118-020, August 2017. (Revised September 2018.)
      • Article

      Highways and Spatial Location within Cities: Evidence from India

      By: Ejaz Ghani, Arti Grover Goswami and William R. Kerr
      We investigate the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on the spatial organization and efficiency of manufacturing activity. The GQ project upgraded the quality and width of 3,633 miles of road in India. We use a difference-in-difference estimation... View Details
      Keywords: Infrastructure; Transportation; India
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      Ghani, Ejaz, Arti Grover Goswami, and William R. Kerr. "Highways and Spatial Location within Cities: Evidence from India." World Bank Economic Review 30, Suppl. 1 (March 2017): S97–S108.
      • November 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Module Note

      Strategy Execution Module 7: Designing Asset Allocation Systems

      By: Robert Simons
      This module reading provides tools and analyses for acquiring and allocating resources. The module begins by reviewing the importance of setting strategic boundaries as a basis for asset acquisitions. Next, a distinction is made between new assets acquired to meet... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Asset Allocation Systems; Payback; Discounted Cash Flow; Internal Rate Of Return; Strategic Investments; Analyzing Acquisitions; Strategy; Capital Budgeting
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      Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 7: Designing Asset Allocation Systems." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-107, November 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • November 2016
      • Supplement

      Irregular Operations

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Willy C. Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This video shows a dispatcher responding to an irregular operations situation caused by weather at an East Coast airport. View Details
      Keywords: Service; Service Excellence; Service Quality; Operating Systems; Operational Complexity; Operational Disruptions; Operational Efficiency; Operational Focus; Air Transportation; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Air Transportation Industry
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      Buell, Ryan W., Willy C. Shih, and Michael W. Toffel. "Irregular Operations." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 617-705, November 2016.
      • November 2016
      • Supplement

      United Airlines Operations

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Willy C. Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This video is a collection of clips that highlight aspects of United Airlines' operations View Details
      Keywords: Service; Service Delivery; Service Management; Service Operations; Service Quality; Operating Systems; Operational Complexity; Operational Disruptions; Operational Effectiveness; Operational Efficiency; Air Transportation; Operations; Air Transportation Industry
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      Buell, Ryan W., Willy C. Shih, and Michael W. Toffel. "United Airlines Operations." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 617-704, November 2016.
      • October 2016 (Revised January 2020)
      • Case

      All Traffic Solutions

      By: Rajiv Lal and Scott F. Johnson
      All Traffic Solutions traditionally sold traffic signs that collected vehicle data to cities. In recent years, the firm connected their signs to the internet and began selling software that enabled cities to operate their signs remotely and collect data in a more... View Details
      Keywords: IoT; Internet Of Things; Smart Connected Products; All Traffic Solutions; Traffic; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Digital Platforms; Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Transportation; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Lal, Rajiv, and Scott F. Johnson. "All Traffic Solutions." Harvard Business School Case 517-011, October 2016. (Revised January 2020.)
      • October 2016 (Revised December 2016)
      • Module Note

      Strategy Execution Module 6: Evaluating Strategic Profit Performance

      By: Robert Simons
      This module reading demonstrates how to calculate and analyze the profit generated by different business strategies. Formulas and examples are provided to calculate profit generated by changes in market share, revenue growth, efficiency improvements, and support costs.... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Evaluating Business Performance; Profitability Analysis; Variance Analysis; Measuring Effectiveness; Measuring Efficiency; Activity-Based Costing; Flexible Budget; Accounting; Strategy
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      Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 6: Evaluating Strategic Profit Performance." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-106, October 2016. (Revised December 2016.)
      • October 2016
      • Article

      Technical Debt and System Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Defect-related Activity

      By: Alan MacCormack and Daniel J. Sturtevant
      Technical debt is created when design decisions that are expedient in the short-term increase the costs of maintaining and adapting this system in future. An important component of technical debt relates to decisions about system architecture. As systems grow and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Performance Efficiency; Applications and Software; Infrastructure
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      MacCormack, Alan, and Daniel J. Sturtevant. "Technical Debt and System Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Defect-related Activity." Journal of Systems and Software 120 (October 2016): 170–182. (Received 31 May 2015. Revised 28 May 2016. Accepted 4 June 2016.)
      • September 2016 (Revised January 2018)
      • Module Note

      Strategy Execution Module 4: Organizing for Performance

      By: Robert Simons
      This module reading explores the implications of different business models on organization design. After discussing the distinction between units focused on work processes and those devoted to markets, the analysis provides insight as to when to organize businesses by... View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Customer Focused Organization; Specialization; Span Of Control; Span Of Accountability; Span Of Attention; Strategy; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure
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      Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 4: Organizing for Performance." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-104, September 2016. (Revised January 2018.)
      • September 2016 (Revised August 2018)
      • Supplement

      United Airlines: More Out-and-Back Flying?: Case Supplement #1

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Willy C. Shih and Michael W. Toffel
      This spreadsheet supplement accompanies 617-010 United Airlines: More Out-and-Back Flying? and is intended to provide students with an opportunity to apply analysis concepts with real operational data. View Details
      Keywords: Service; Service Excellence; Service Management; Operating Systems; Operational Complexity; Operational Disruptions; Operational Efficiency; Operational Focus; Air Transportation; Operations; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Buell, Ryan W., Willy C. Shih, and Michael W. Toffel. "United Airlines: More Out-and-Back Flying? Case Supplement #1." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 617-701, September 2016. (Revised August 2018.)
      • Article

      ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities

      By: Sakis Kotsantonis, Christopher Pinney and George Serafeim
      The authors’ aim in this article is to set the record straight on the financial performance of sustainable investing while also correcting a number of other widespread misconceptions about this rapidly growing set of principles and methods. Myth Number 1:... View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Sustainability; Investment Management; Finance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Investment; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance
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      Kotsantonis, Sakis, Christopher Pinney, and George Serafeim. "ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 28, no. 2 (Spring 2016): 10–16.
      • Winter 2016
      • Article

      Improving Store Liquidation

      By: Nathan Craig and Ananth Raman
      This paper introduces methods for increasing the efficiency of retail store liquidation, which we define as the time-constrained divestment of retail outlets through an in-store sale of inventory. The retail industry depends extensively on liquidation, not only as a... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Operations; Investment; Retail Industry
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      Craig, Nathan, and Ananth Raman. "Improving Store Liquidation." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 18, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 89–103.
      • August 2016 (Revised November 2019)
      • Case

      Baskits Inc.

      By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
      Soon after Robin Kovitz (MBA 2007) acquired Baskits Inc., the largest gift basket company in Canada, she became convinced that the business needed to make significant operational improvements. In her first year as CEO, she introduced an ERP system to help with sales... View Details
      Keywords: Production; Supply Chain; Performance Improvement; Consumer Products Industry; Canada
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      Ruback, Richard S., and Royce Yudkoff. "Baskits Inc." Harvard Business School Case 217-001, August 2016. (Revised November 2019.)
      • April 2016 (Revised May 2016)
      • Case

      Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Partners In Health in Haiti

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Bipin Mistry and Karla Bertrand
      The case describes the application of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) at a new tertiary hospital, operated by Partners in Health in Mirebelais, Haiti. A project team mapped the clinical processes for use in estimating the direct costs of personnel,... View Details
      Keywords: Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing; Activity Based Costing and Management; Cost Accounting; Developing Countries and Economies; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; Haiti
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Bipin Mistry, and Karla Bertrand. "Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Partners In Health in Haiti." Harvard Business School Case 116-041, April 2016. (Revised May 2016.)
      • March 2016
      • Supplement

      Trouble at Tessei

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Ryan W. Buell
      In 2005, Teruo Yabe is asked to revive Tessei, the 669-person JR-East subsidiary responsible for cleaning its Shinkansen ("bullet") trains. Operational mistakes, customer complaints, safety issues, and employee turnover are at or near all-time highs, even as the... View Details
      Keywords: Service Management; Employee Engagement; Employee Motivation; Leadership And Managing People; Quality Improvement; Efficiency; Japan; Operational Transparency; Employee Coordination; Transparency; Leadership; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Employees; Quality; Transportation Industry; Japan
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Ryan W. Buell. "Trouble at Tessei." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 616-706, March 2016.
      • February 2016 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Greening Walmart: Progress and Controversy

      By: Rebecca Henderson and James Weber
      In 2005, Walmart, the world’s largest retailer, launched a sustainability initiative aimed at reducing waste and making the company more environmentally and socially conscious. By 2015, the company had made progress on multiple dimensions: energy efficiency in its... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business or Company Management; Motivation and Incentives; Reputation; Environmental Sustainability; Retail Industry; United States
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and James Weber. "Greening Walmart: Progress and Controversy." Harvard Business School Case 316-042, February 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
      • January 2016
      • Case

      Haiti Hope: Innovating the Mango Value Chain

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Jean-François Harvey
      This case study examines a market-based approach to economic development through the eyes of NGO TechnoServe's project manager, implementing a US$9.5 million five-year public-private partnership between Coca-Cola, IDB, and USAID. The case ends at the beginning of the... View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Economic Development; Corporate Social Responsibility; Emerging Country; Teaming; Public-private Partnership; Inter-organizational Relationships; Collaboration; Strategy Implementation; Agricultural Commodity; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Public Sector; Supply Chain Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Learning; Partners and Partnerships; Private Sector; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Enterprise; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Haiti
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Jean-François Harvey. "Haiti Hope: Innovating the Mango Value Chain." Harvard Business School Case 616-040, January 2016.
      • December 2015 (Revised February 2016)
      • Case

      Ocado

      By: José Alvarez, David E. Bell and Damien McLoughlin
      In 2015, U.K.-based Ocado was the world's largest pure player in the online home-delivery grocery business and was gaining a growing share of the highly competitive U.K. grocery market. Ocado had made heavy investments in technology, including a highly automated... View Details
      Keywords: Ocado; Grocery; Retail; Online Grocery; Supermarket; Delivery Models; Service Models; United Kingdom; Technology; Operations Management; Digital Platforms; Competition; Internet and the Web; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Supply Chain; Marketing; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United Kingdom
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      Alvarez, José, David E. Bell, and Damien McLoughlin. "Ocado." Harvard Business School Case 516-059, December 2015. (Revised February 2016.)
      • November 2015
      • Article

      Influence of Experience and the Surgical Learning Curve on Long-term Patient Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery

      By: Bryan M. Burt, Andrew W. ElBardissi, Robert S. Huckman, Lawrence H. Cohn, Marisa W. Cevasco, James D. Rawn, Sary F. Aranki and John G. Byrne
      OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that increased post-graduate surgical experience correlates with improved operative efficiency and long-term survival in standard cardiac surgery procedures.

      METHODS: Utilizing a prospectively collected retrospective database,... View Details
      Keywords: Service Delivery; Value; Health Care and Treatment; Experience and Expertise; Health Industry
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      Burt, Bryan M., Andrew W. ElBardissi, Robert S. Huckman, Lawrence H. Cohn, Marisa W. Cevasco, James D. Rawn, Sary F. Aranki, and John G. Byrne. "Influence of Experience and the Surgical Learning Curve on Long-term Patient Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 150, no. 5 (November 2015): 1061–1067.
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