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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(3,039)
- People (12)
- News (960)
- Research (1,283)
- Events (8)
- Multimedia (7)
- Faculty Publications (444)
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- 2003
- Working Paper
The Architecture of Cooperation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Kim B. Clark. "The Architecture of Cooperation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 03-209, November 2003.
- August 2003 (Revised December 2004)
- Case
Peninsula Community Foundation
By: James E. Austin, Jane Wei-Skillern and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
After leading the Peninsula Community Foundation (PCF) through a period of tremendous growth, its president, Sterling Speirn, is facing the prospect of a decline in the foundation's asset base for the first time in the foundation's history. In addition, the fact that... View Details
Keywords: Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Product Positioning; Planning; Alliances; Opportunities; Nonprofit Organizations; Valuation; Financial Services Industry
Austin, James E., Jane Wei-Skillern, and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Peninsula Community Foundation." Harvard Business School Case 304-015, August 2003. (Revised December 2004.)
- 2004
- Working Paper
Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code
By: Alan MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
MacCormack, Alan, John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-016, October 2004. (Revised 3/06.)
- Article
The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture
By: Elizabeth J. Altman, Frank Nagle and Michael Tushman
Management research has increasingly explored the domains of ecosystems, platforms, and open/user/distributed innovation—governance structures focused on engaging with external communities. While these research areas include substantial empirical and theoretical work... View Details
Keywords: Ecosystems; Platforms; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Capabilities; Governance; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Value Creation
Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael Tushman. "The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 1 (January 2022): 70–101.
- May 1996 (Revised August 2001)
- Case
Timberland and Community Involvement
By: James E. Austin and Jaan Elias
The Timberland Co., a manufacturer and retailer of footwear, outdoor apparel, and accessories, committed itself to instituting and communicating a core set of values to its employees, stockholders, and consumers. The system of beliefs emphasized community service.... View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Business and Community Relations; Social Enterprise; Corporate Strategy; Apparel and Accessories Industry
Austin, James E., and Jaan Elias. "Timberland and Community Involvement." Harvard Business School Case 796-156, May 1996. (Revised August 2001.)
- 1 Apr 2005 - 4 Apr 2005
- Conference Presentation
Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code
By: Alan MacCormack
- July 2006
- Article
The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark
Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Kim B. Clark. "The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?" Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006).
- 11 Jun 2006 - 13 Jun 2006
- Conference Presentation
Exploring the Links Between Product and Organizational Architectures: An Empirical Study of Open and Closed Source Software
By: Alan MacCormack
- 13 Nov 2005 - 16 Nov 2005
- Conference Presentation
Private Benefit from Public Good? Startup Strategies for Participation in an Open Standards Community
- 07 Feb 2007
- Working Paper Summaries
The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving
- March 2008 (Revised August 2009)
- Case
Linden Lab: Opening Second Life
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
In early 2008, managers in Linden Lab, creator of the virtual world Second Life, faced decisions about the company's strategy. Despite profound initial skepticism about demand for a user-generated virtual world that was not a traditional game, Second Life had achieved... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Partners and Partnerships; Software
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Linden Lab: Opening Second Life." Harvard Business School Case 808-114, March 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?
By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and knowledge. They are organizations composed primarily of users working collaboratively, voluntarily, and with minimal oversight to freely and openly develop and exchange knowledge... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Management; Knowledge Sharing; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Strategy
Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-126, June 2019.
- March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
- Case
Opening Dot EU (A)
By: Benjamin Edelman
EURid considers possible market mechanisms to allocate initial domain names within the Internet's newly-created "dot EU." European Union regulations and community norms substantially constrain EURid's approach, preventing the use of the most natural economic mechanisms... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Resource Allocation; Auctions; Internet; Information Industry; Europe
Edelman, Benjamin. "Opening Dot EU (A)." Harvard Business School Case 908-052, March 2008. (Revised April 2008.) (request a courtesy copy.)
- November 2021
- Article
Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study
By: Frank Nagle
Keywords: Technological Innovation; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution; Economic Growth; United States; European Union
Nagle, Frank. "Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (November 2021).
- March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
- Supplement
Opening Dot EU (B)
By: Benjamin Edelman
EURid considers possible market mechanisms to allocate initial domain names within the Internet's newly-created "dot EU." European Union regulations and community norms substantially constrain EURid's approach, preventing the use of the most natural economic mechanisms... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Internet and the Web; Resource Allocation; Auctions; Information Industry; Europe
Edelman, Benjamin. "Opening Dot EU (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 908-053, March 2008. (Revised April 2008.)
- Article
Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis
By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis." Research Policy 41, no. 8 (October 2012): 1309–1324.
- 13 Feb 2020
- Book
Open Your Organization to Honest Conversations
its profit and growth goals. In working with the company, Beer discovered that HP employees believed a lack of honest communication was a big impediment to surfacing deep underlying problems. As one employee put it, “You read about these... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
- 2021
- Working Paper
Does Who Helps You Impact Your Behavior? Examining the Effects of Social Interactions on Knowledge Sharing in Online Communities
By: Eunkwang Seo, Frank Nagle and Sonali K. Shah
Online communities provide vibrant forums for knowledge sharing and are increasingly being used by individual users and firms to source knowledge and create and capture value. Yet, there is much to learn about how the actions of community members affect other members,... View Details
Keywords: Online Communities; Knowledge Development; Innovation; Reciprocity; Knowledge Sharing; Networks; Innovation and Invention; Interpersonal Communication
Seo, Eunkwang, Frank Nagle, and Sonali K. Shah. "Does Who Helps You Impact Your Behavior? Examining the Effects of Social Interactions on Knowledge Sharing in Online Communities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-026, August 2020. (Revised July 2021.)
- May 2014
- Article
Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache
By: Shane Greenstein and Frank Nagle
Researchers have long hypothesized that research outputs from government, university, and private company R&D contribute to economic growth, but these contributions may be difficult to measure when they take a non-pecuniary form. The growth of networking devices and... View Details
Keywords: Open Source; Apache; Economic Measurement; Digital Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Open Source Distribution; Internet and the Web; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Economic Growth; Research and Development; Web Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
Greenstein, Shane, and Frank Nagle. "Digital Dark Matter and the Economic Contribution of Apache." Research Policy 43, no. 4 (May 2014): 623–631. (Lead Article.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Generative AI and the Nature of Work
By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential
to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging
productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)