Publications

2003
Working Paper

The Architecture of Cooperation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark

Article

The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture

By: Elizabeth J. Altman, Frank Nagle and Michael Tushman

Management research has increasingly explored the domains of ecosystems, platforms, and open/user/distributed innovation—governance structures focused on engaging with external communities. While these research areas include substantial empirical and theoretical work... View Details

Keywords: Ecosystems; Platforms; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Capabilities; Governance; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Value Creation

Register to Read

1 Apr 2005 - 4 Apr 2005
Conference Presentation

Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code

By: Alan MacCormack

Keywords: Applications and Software; Product Design; Complexity

July 2006
Article

The Architecture of Participation: Does Code Architecture Mitigate Free Riding in the Open Source Development Model?

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Kim B. Clark

Keywords: Design; Information Technology; Internet and the Web

11 Jun 2006 - 13 Jun 2006
Conference Presentation

Exploring the Links Between Product and Organizational Architectures: An Empirical Study of Open and Closed Source Software

By: Alan MacCormack

Keywords: Product Design; Organizational Structure; Software

March 2008 (Revised August 2009)
Case

Linden Lab: Opening Second Life

By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld

In early 2008, managers in Linden Lab, creator of the virtual world Second Life, faced decisions about the company's strategy. Despite profound initial skepticism about demand for a user-generated virtual world that was not a traditional game, Second Life had achieved... View Details

Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Partners and Partnerships; Software

May 1996 (Revised August 2001)
Case

Timberland and Community Involvement

By: James E. Austin and Jaan Elias

The Timberland Co., a manufacturer and retailer of footwear, outdoor apparel, and accessories, committed itself to instituting and communicating a core set of values to its employees, stockholders, and consumers. The system of beliefs emphasized community service.... View Details

Keywords: Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Business and Community Relations; Social Enterprise; Corporate Strategy; Apparel and Accessories Industry

Educators

13 Nov 2005 - 16 Nov 2005
Conference Presentation

Private Benefit from Public Good? Startup Strategies for Participation in an Open Standards Community

Keywords: Business Startups; Strategy; Standards

Article

Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis

By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak

A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details

Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software

March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
Supplement

Opening Dot EU (B)

By: Benjamin Edelman

EURid considers possible market mechanisms to allocate initial domain names within the Internet's newly-created "dot EU." European Union regulations and community norms substantially constrain EURid's approach, preventing the use of the most natural economic mechanisms... View Details

Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Internet and the Web; Resource Allocation; Auctions; Information Industry; Europe

07 Feb 2007
Working Paper Summaries

The Value of Openness in Scientific Problem Solving

Keywords: by Karim R. Lakhani, Lars Bo Jeppesen, Peter A. Lohse & Jill A. Panetta

2019
Working Paper

Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle

User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and knowledge. They are organizations composed primarily of users working collaboratively, voluntarily, and with minimal oversight to freely and openly develop and exchange knowledge... View Details

Keywords: Strategic Management; Knowledge Sharing; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Strategy

SSRN

November 2021
Article

Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study

By: Frank Nagle

Keywords: Technological Innovation; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution; Economic Growth; United States; European Union

March 2008 (Revised April 2008)
Case

Opening Dot EU (A)

By: Benjamin Edelman

EURid considers possible market mechanisms to allocate initial domain names within the Internet's newly-created "dot EU." European Union regulations and community norms substantially constrain EURid's approach, preventing the use of the most natural economic mechanisms... View Details

Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Resource Allocation; Auctions; Internet; Information Industry; Europe

Educators

2023
Working Paper

Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program

By: Annamaria Conti, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman and Maria P. Roche

Open source is key to innovation, but we know little about how to incentivize it. In this paper, we examine the impact of a program providing monetary incentives to motivate innovators to contribute to open source. The Sponsors program was introduced by GitHub in... View Details

Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives; Technology Industry

2024
Working Paper

Generative AI and the Nature of Work

By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details

Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor

SSRN

2021
Working Paper

Does Who Helps You Impact Your Behavior? Examining the Effects of Social Interactions on Knowledge Sharing in Online Communities

By: Eunkwang Seo, Frank Nagle and Sonali K. Shah

Online communities provide vibrant forums for knowledge sharing and are increasingly being used by individual users and firms to source knowledge and create and capture value. Yet, there is much to learn about how the actions of community members affect other members,... View Details

Keywords: Online Communities; Knowledge Development; Innovation; Reciprocity; Knowledge Sharing; Networks; Innovation and Invention; Interpersonal Communication

SSRN

13 Feb 2020
Book

Open Your Organization to Honest Conversations

its profit and growth goals. In working with the company, Beer discovered that HP employees believed a lack of honest communication was a big impediment to surfacing deep underlying problems. As one employee put it, “You read about these... View Details

Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman

2016
Book

Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation

By: Dietmar Harhoff and Karim R. Lakhani

The last two decades have witnessed an extraordinary growth of new models of managing and organizing the innovation process, which emphasize users over producers. Large parts of the knowledge economy now routinely rely on users, communities, and open innovation... View Details

Keywords: Innovation and Management; Transformation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention