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  • 05 May 2022
  • HBS Case

College Degrees: The Job Requirement Companies Seek, but Don't Really Need

right now in the US. Even though employers posted openings for 11 million non-farm jobs as of late 2021, 11.5 million Americans remained either unemployed or underemployed. As the economy struggles to... View Details
Keywords: by Jay Fitzgerald
  • 2015
  • Chapter

Modularity and Organizations

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
Keywords: Complexity; Organizations
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  • February 1995 (Revised February 1998)
  • Case

India in the 1990s

By: George C. Lodge and Ahu Bhasin
Describes the efforts of Indian Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to deregulate and open up the Indian economy in the early 1990s. Focuses on the difficulties he encountered, reflected in the poor showing of the ruling Congress Party in state elections in December... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Emerging Markets; Social Issues; Economic Growth; Government and Politics; India
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  • October 2024
  • Teaching Note

Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 324-032. In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial... View Details
Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Globalized Economies and Regions; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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  • March 1996 (Revised October 1996)
  • Case

Singapore's Trade in Services

By: Debora L. Spar
Focuses on the efforts of Singapore's Economic Development Board (EDB) to grow the tiny island almost wholly through an expansion of its service economy. Between 1965 and 1990, Singapore achieved a remarkable rate of growth, largely by opening its economy to foreign... View Details
Keywords: Growth Management; Service Operations; Government and Politics; Developing Countries and Economies; Macroeconomics; Service Industry; Singapore
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  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Modularity and Organizations

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are... View Details
Keywords: Complex Systems; Information Hiding; Loosely-coupled Systems; Mirroring; Mirroring Hypothesis; Modules; Modularity; Near-decomposable Systems; Product Architecture; Option Value; Organizational Design; Complexity
Related
  • October 2023
  • Case

Taiwan After Globalization: Twilight of the Developmental State?

By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
In the last 70 years, the small island of Taiwan has achieved what many believe to be a “miracle”: its economy has grown at a record-setting pace, driven and guided by one of the world's most successful set of industrial policies, and it has become one of the richest... View Details
Keywords: Economic Growth; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Trade; Policy; Government and Politics; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry; Taiwan; China; Asia; United States
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  • 17 Jan 2013
  • Working Paper Summaries

Deregulation, Misallocation, and Size: Evidence from India

Keywords: by Laura Alfaro & Anusha Chari
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

The Anatomy of a Hospital System Merger: The Patient Did Not Respond Well to Treatment

By: Raffaella Sadun, Martin Gaynor, Adam Sacarny, Chad Syverson and Shruthi Venkatesh
Despite the continuing US hospital merger wave, it remains unclear how mergers change, or fail to change, hospital behavior and performance. We open the “black box” of hospital practices through a mega-merger between two for-profit chains. Benchmarking the merger's... View Details
Keywords: Performance Improvement; Mergers and Acquisitions; Health Industry
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  • 05 Sep 2006
  • Working Paper Summaries

Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt

Keywords: by Laura Alfaro & Fabio Kanczuk
  • 02 Mar 2007
  • What Do You Think?

What Is the Government’s Role in US Health Care?

argued that "Containing costs will come at the expense of something technological advances, profit, access to certain services, and patient choice are likely candidates ." One line of thinking would make both talent and drugs more competitive. Sergey Merkin asks, "Why... View Details
Keywords: by Jim Heskett; Health

    How Quantitative Easing Works: Evidence on the Refinancing Channel

    When LSAPs are needed the most, simply bending the yield curve through purchasing government debt is not effective for stimulating the mortgage market (a key sector of the economy for the transmission of monetary policy). Purchasing mortgage-backed... View Details

    • Spring 2016
    • Article

    Performance Responses to Competition Across Skill-Levels in Rank Order Tournaments: Field Evidence and Implications for Tournament Design

    By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael E. Menietti
    Tournaments are widely used in the economy to organize production and innovation. We study individual contestant-level data from 2,796 contestants in 774 software algorithm design contests with random assignment. Precisely conforming to theory predictions, the... View Details
    Keywords: Competition; Innovation Strategy
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    • 17 Jan 2019
    • Blog Post

    MBA Curriculum Spotlight: Short Intensive Programs (SIPs)

    Now in its second year, Short Intensive Programs (SIPs) are no credit, no fee elective courses for MBA students. SIPs are open to first and second year MBA students. They offer a great opportunity for students to think about career... View Details
    • 2024
    • Working Paper

    The Crowdless Future? Generative AI and Creative Problem Solving

    By: Léonard Boussioux, Jacqueline N. Lane, Miaomiao Zhang, Vladimir Jacimovic and Karim R. Lakhani
    The rapid advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI) open up attractive opportunities for creative problem-solving through human-guided AI partnerships. To explore this potential, we initiated a crowdsourcing challenge focused on sustainable, circular economy... View Details
    Keywords: Large Language Models; Crowdsourcing; Generative Ai; Creative Problem-solving; Organizational Search; AI-in-the-loop; Prompt Engineering; AI and Machine Learning; Innovation and Invention
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    • 28 Jun 2022
    • Book

    The Moral Enterprise: How Two Companies Profit with Purpose

    How can government and business work together in this fractious political moment, when finding solutions to pressing problems like inequality and climate change are more urgent than ever? Rebecca Henderson, Harvard University’s John and Natty McArthur University... View Details
    Keywords: by Avery Forman
    • 04 Mar 2009
    • Op-Ed

    Credit is Not the Bogey

    commerce." A panoply of mortgage products (not all predatory, not all egregious) fueled the homebuilding industry, which kept the economy afloat during the last decade. While other sectors plummeted, housing stayed strong. Related... View Details
    Keywords: by Nicolas P. Retsinas & Eric S. Belsky; Construction; Real Estate; Financial Services
    • December 2012 (Revised July 2013)
    • Case

    The “Chongqing Model” and the Future of China

    By: Meg Rithmire
    Since opening to the global economy in 1979, but especially since entering the WTO in 2001, China's economy grew at rates around 10% annually by attracting FDI and promoting exports. After the financial crisis that began in 2008 and depressed demand in the United... View Details
    Keywords: China; Public Sector; Private Sector; Developing Countries and Economies; Macroeconomics; Public Administration Industry; China
    Related
    • November – December 1998
    • Article

    Clusters and the New Economics of Competition

    By: Michael E. Porter
    This article explains how clusters foster high levels of productivity and innovation and lays out the implications for competitive strategy and economic policy. Economic geography in an era of global competition poses a paradox. In theory, location should no longer be... View Details
    Keywords: Economics; United States
    Related
    • 28 Jan 2008
    • Research & Ideas

    Billions of Entrepreneurs in China and India

    of stories about social entrepreneurs, political entrepreneurs, and others whom we study in business schools—investors, capitalists, and so on. Q: What's different about entrepreneurship in both countries? A: The extent and type of government involvement and the nature... View Details
    Keywords: by Martha Lagace