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      • Faculty Publications  (706)

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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Principles and Content for Downstream Emissions Disclosures

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
      In a previous paper, we proposed the E-liability carbon accounting algorithm for companies to measure and subsequently reduce their own and their suppliers’ emissions. Some investors and stakeholders, however, want companies to also be accountable for downstream... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Disclosure; Carbon Footprint; Climate Change; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Disclosure; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "Principles and Content for Downstream Emissions Disclosures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-050, January 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Adventures Inc: 21st Century Brand Building

      By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
      Founded in 2020, Adventures worked with celebrities in Brazil to create and launch digitally native brands. The idea was to match the celebrity’s skill in creating content and entertaining fans with Adventures’ skill in consumer packaged goods marketing and operations.... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Brand; Influencer Marketing; Growth And Scaling; Capital Constraints; Brand Portfolio Strategy; CPG; Start-up; Celebrity Endorsement; Digital Marketing; Growth and Development Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Advertising; Social Media; Business Startups; Joint Ventures; Brands and Branding; Brazil
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Adventures Inc: 21st Century Brand Building." Harvard Business School Case 424-065, February 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Case

      Mariam Braimah: Designing a Career in Tech

      By: Lakshmi Ramarajan, Hannah Riley Bowles and Michael Norris
      In 2022, Mariam Braimah, a digital designer working at Netflix, is considering the next move in her career. She has spent several years at Netflix, and in her spare time, using her savings, has founded a design-focused fellowship program and a consumer insights company... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Interpersonal Communication; Entrepreneurship; Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Technology Industry; Nigeria; United States; New York (city, NY); San Francisco
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      Ramarajan, Lakshmi, Hannah Riley Bowles, and Michael Norris. "Mariam Braimah: Designing a Career in Tech." Harvard Business School Case 424-030, January 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Lost in Transmission

      By: Thomas Graeber, Shakked Noy and Christopher Roth
      For many decisions, people rely on information received from others by word of mouth. How does the process of verbal transmission distort economic information? In our experiments, participants listen to audio recordings containing economic forecasts and are paid to... View Details
      Keywords: Information Trnasmission; Word Of Mouth; Word-of-Mouth; Narratives; Reliability; Knowledge Sharing; Spoken Communication; Cognition and Thinking
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      Graeber, Thomas, Shakked Noy, and Christopher Roth. "Lost in Transmission." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-047, January 2024.
      • December 2023
      • Case

      Robert McNamara: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case traces the life of Robert McNamara from Harvard Business School to Ford Motor Company to the U.S. Department of Defense. McNamara excelled in every job along the way: becoming the youngest-ever professor at Harvard Business School, the first non-family... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Measurement; Military; Leadership Development; Values and Beliefs; Personal Characteristics; Leadership Style; Success; Business and Government Relations; Power and Influence; Business Education; War
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Robert McNamara: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 124-036, December 2023.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Money, Time, and Grant Design

      By: Kyle Myers and Wei Yang Tham
      We conduct survey experiments to test how the design of scientific grants— the money and time awarded—can be used to manage researchers. On average, researchers are relatively unwilling to trade off money for time when choosing among grants. However, there is... View Details
      Keywords: Research; Power and Influence; Money
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      Myers, Kyle, and Wei Yang Tham. "Money, Time, and Grant Design." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-037, December 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Unionization on Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality: Evidence from Starbucks

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Minkyung Kim, Ishita Chakraborty and SooHyun Kim
      The US has seen a rise in union movements, but their effects on service industry marketing outcomes like customer satisfaction and perceptions of service quality remain understudied. In this paper, we empirically study the impact on customer satisfaction and... View Details
      Keywords: Labor Unions; Customer Satisfaction; Perception; Public Opinion; Employees; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Minkyung Kim, Ishita Chakraborty, and SooHyun Kim. "The Impact of Unionization on Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality: Evidence from Starbucks." Working Paper, 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Will Fintechs and Central Banks Play in Emtech's Sandbox?

      By: Daniel Isenberg and William R. Kerr
      In February 2023, Emtech’s founder Carmelle Cadet is facing a dilemma. Rapidly running out of cash, Cadet has a term sheet from a leading VC but has a choice of how to structure the investment. The decision will have significant implications for Cadet’s own stake, as... View Details
      Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Cash Flow; Currency; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Digital Platforms
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      Isenberg, Daniel, and William R. Kerr. "Will Fintechs and Central Banks Play in Emtech's Sandbox?" Harvard Business School Case 824-096, November 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Brokerage House Initial Public Offerings and Analyst Forecast Quality

      By: Mark Bradshaw, Michael Drake, Joseph Pacelli and Brady Twedt
      We examine how brokerage firm initial public offerings (IPOs) influence the research quality of sell-side analysts employed by the brokerage. Our main results focus on earnings forecast bias and absolute forecast errors as proxies for research quality. Using a... View Details
      Keywords: IPOs; Research Analysts; "Brokerage Industry; Initial Public Offering; Employees; Behavior; Outcome or Result
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      Bradshaw, Mark, Michael Drake, Joseph Pacelli, and Brady Twedt. "Brokerage House Initial Public Offerings and Analyst Forecast Quality." Management Science 69, no. 11 (November 2023): 7079–7094.
      • November 2023
      • Article

      Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools

      By: Julian De Freitas, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt and N. Haslam
      What are the psychological factors driving attitudes toward AI tools, and how can resistance to AI systems be overcome when they are beneficial? In this perspective, we first organize the main sources of resistance into five main categories: opacity, emotionlessness,... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Self; AI and Machine Learning; Attitudes; Technology Adoption
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      De Freitas, Julian, Stuti Agarwal, B. Schmitt, and N. Haslam. "Psychological Factors Underlying Attitudes toward AI Tools." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 11 (November 2023): 1845–1854.
      • October 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Metaverse Wars

      By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 723-431. Metaverse Wars recaps the development of the metaverse concept and the attendant hype, bringing the narrative up to the summer of 2023 when Meta’s big pivot looked more like a costly misstep than a stroke of strategic genius. In... View Details
      Keywords: Metaverse; Strategy; Social Media; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption; Technological Innovation; Technology Industry
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      Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Metaverse Wars." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-400, October 2023.
      • October 2023 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Nelson Mandela: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case traces the rise of Nelson Mandela from his tribal home in South Africa to president of the country. Rejecting expectations that he would be a tribal leader, Mandela instead dedicates his life to fighting Apartheid. After peaceful approaches fail, he joins... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Values and Beliefs; Power and Influence; Personal Characteristics; Leadership Style; Success; South Africa
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Nelson Mandela: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 124-034, October 2023. (Revised May 2025.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Kevin O'Leary: Building a Brand in Shark-infested Waters

      By: Reza Satchu and Patrick Sanguineti
      For more than fifteen years, successful Canadian entrepreneur and investor Kevin O’Leary had developed his brand into a global powerhouse. Since his first appearance on the Canadian television program Dragons’ Den in 2006 and his meteoric rise to stardom through the... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Brand; Crisis; Brands and Branding; Entrepreneurship; Crisis Management; Social Media; Public Opinion; Power and Influence; Financial Services Industry
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      Satchu, Reza, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Kevin O'Leary: Building a Brand in Shark-infested Waters." Harvard Business School Case 824-095, October 2023.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil

      By: Paula Rettl
      While elite-cue effects on public opinion are well-documented, questions remain as to when and why voters use elite cues to inform their opinions and behaviors. This study contributes to answer these questions by testing whether voters react to cues by charismatic... View Details
      Keywords: Elites; Public Engagement; Politics; Political Affiliation; Political Campaigns; Political Influence; Political Leadership; Political Economy; Survey Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Biases; Political Elections; Voting; Power and Influence; Identity; Behavior; Latin America; Brazil
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      Rettl, Paula. "How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-022, October 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior

      By: Jimin Nam, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas and Alison Wood Brooks
      Organizations face growing pressure from their consumers and stakeholders to take public stances on sociopolitical issues. However, many are hesitant to do so lest they make missteps, promises they cannot keep, appear inauthentic, or alienate consumers, employees, or... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Public Opinion; Social Media; Social Issues
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      Nam, Jimin, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior." Special Issue on Consumer Insights from Text Analysis edited by Grant Packard, Sarah G. Moore, and Jonah Berger. Journal of Consumer Psychology 33, no. 4 (October 2023): 632–644.
      • September 13, 2023
      • Article

      The Myth of the CEO as Ultimate Decision Maker

      By: Nitin Nohria
      Chief executives are responsible for guiding corporations, so the role inevitably requires making many decisions. But people overestimate the level of personal involvement CEOs have in this process. Instead of making decisions, CEOs tend to shape decisions, by... View Details
      Keywords: Problem Solving; Delegation; Leadership Style; Decision Making; Time Management; Power and Influence
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      Nohria, Nitin. "The Myth of the CEO as Ultimate Decision Maker." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 13, 2023).
      • September 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Helmy Abouleish: Making a Desert Bloom

      By: Geoffrey G. Jones and Maxim Pike Harrell
      This case examines the history of prominent Egyptian-based social enterprise SEKEM from its foundation in 1977 until the COP27 conference held in Sharm El-Sheikh in 2022. Led by father and son team Ibrahim and Helmy Abouleish, SEKEM turned desert into farmland using... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Climate Change; Values and Beliefs; Social Enterprise; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Egypt
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      Jones, Geoffrey G., and Maxim Pike Harrell. "Helmy Abouleish: Making a Desert Bloom." Harvard Business School Case 324-029, September 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • September 2023
      • Article

      A Pull versus Push Framework for Reputation

      By: Jillian J. Jordan
      Reputation is a powerful driver of human behavior. Reputation systems incentivize 'actors' to take reputation-enhancing actions, and 'evaluators' to reward actors with positive reputations by preferentially cooperating with them. This article proposes a reputation... View Details
      Keywords: Reputation; Behavior; Game Theory
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      Jordan, Jillian J. "A Pull versus Push Framework for Reputation." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 27, no. 9 (September 2023): 852–866.
      • September 2023
      • Case

      The Meteoric Rise of Skims

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Jill Avery and Leonard A. Schlesinger
      Since its founding in 2019 by Kim Kardashian and Jens Grede, Skims, a solutions-oriented brand creating the next generation of underwear, loungewear, and shapewear with an eye toward body-type and skin-tone inclusivity, has experienced a meteoric rise. Kardashian, who... View Details
      Keywords: Brand; Branding; Direct-to-consumer; DTC; Influencers; Influencer Marketing; Fashion; Growth; Direct Marketing; Influence; Reputation; Social Inference; Consumer Goods; Consumer Products; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Entrepreneurship And Strategy; Brand & Product Management; Competitive Advantage; Online Followers; Retail; Retail Formats; Retailing; Online Retail; Celebrities; Celebrity; Celebrity Endorsement; Go To Market Strategy; Apparel; Startup Marketing; Startups; Social Influencers; Brands and Branding; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Distribution Channels; Digital Marketing; Advertising; Power and Influence; Social Media; Fashion Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Jill Avery, and Leonard A. Schlesinger. "The Meteoric Rise of Skims." Harvard Business School Case 524-023, September 2023.
      • July 2023
      • Article

      Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users

      By: Jonas P. Schöne, David Garcia, Brian Parkinson and Amit Goldenberg
      Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with... View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Emotions
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      Schöne, Jonas P., David Garcia, Brian Parkinson, and Amit Goldenberg. "Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users." PNAS Nexus 2, no. 7 (July 2023).
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