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- Faculty Publications (525)
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- 22 Sep 2011
- Working Paper Summaries
Measuring Teamwork in Health Care Settings: A Review of Survey Instruments
- 2025
- Working Paper
Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions
By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Iavor I. Bojinov and Fiammetta Menchetti
Researchers have embraced factorial experiments to simultaneously evaluate multiple treatments, each with different levels. Typically, in large-scale factorial experiments, the primary objective is identifying the treatment with the largest causal effect, especially... View Details
Keywords: Factorial Designs; Fisher Randomizations; Rank Estimators; Employer Interventions; Causal Inference; Mathematical Methods; Performance Improvement
DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Iavor I. Bojinov, and Fiammetta Menchetti. "Evaluations Amid Measurement Error: Determining the Optimal Timing for Workplace Interventions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-075, June 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
- July 2024
- Article
Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings
By: Jason B. Liu, Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia and Andrea L. Pusic
This article describes the strategies that leaders at the Mass General Brigham (MGB) health system have used in launching a standardized patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) collection program in 2012, a major step in the value-based transformation of health care.... View Details
Keywords: Patient-reported Outcomes; Value Based Health Care; Health Care and Treatment; Transformation; Outcome or Result; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Improvement; Health Industry
Liu, Jason B., Robert S. Kaplan, David W. Bates, Mario O. Edelen, Rachel C. Sisodia, and Andrea L. Pusic. "Mass General Brigham’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement System: A Decade of Learnings." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 5, no. 7 (July 2024).
- Article
The Effect of Providing Peer Information on Retirement Savings Decisions
By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian and Katherine L. Milkman
Using a field experiment in a 401(k) plan, we measure the effect of disseminating information about peer behavior on savings. Low-saving employees received simplified plan enrollment or contribution increase forms. A randomized subset of forms stated the fraction of... View Details
Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian, and Katherine L. Milkman. "The Effect of Providing Peer Information on Retirement Savings Decisions." Journal of Finance 70, no. 3 (June 2015): 1161–1201.
- Article
The Mixed Effects of Online Diversity Training
By: Edward H. Chang, Katherine L. Milkman, Dena M. Gromet, Robert W. Rebele, Cade Massey, Angela L. Duckworth and Adam M. Grant
We present results from a large (n = 3,016) field experiment at a global organization testing whether a brief science-based online diversity training can change attitudes and behaviors toward
women in the workplace. Our preregistered field experiment included an... View Details
Chang, Edward H., Katherine L. Milkman, Dena M. Gromet, Robert W. Rebele, Cade Massey, Angela L. Duckworth, and Adam M. Grant. "The Mixed Effects of Online Diversity Training." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 16 (April 16, 2019): 7778–7783.
- December 2007
- Article
Adoption of Information Technology under Network Effects
By: Deishin Lee and Haim Mendelson
Because information technologies are often characterized by network effects, compatibility is an important issue. Although total network value is maximized when everyone operates in one compatible network, we find that the technology benefits of the users depend on... View Details
Keywords: Network Effects; Standards; Competitive Strategy; Customization and Personalization; Information Technology; Technology Adoption
Lee, Deishin, and Haim Mendelson. "Adoption of Information Technology under Network Effects." Information Systems Research 18, no. 4 (December 2007).
- 2018
- Working Paper
Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production
By: Daniel P. Gross
Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received limited attention as an economic behavior and has historically proven difficult to study. This paper studies the incentive effects of competition on... View Details
Keywords: Incentives; Tournaments; Radical Vs. Incremental Innovation; Motivation and Incentives; Competition; Creativity; Innovation and Invention
Gross, Daniel P. "Creativity Under Fire: The Effects of Competition on Creative Production." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-109, March 2016. (Accepted at The Review of Economics and Statistics. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25057, September 2018)
- 2014
- Working Paper
The Effect of Management Control Elements on Coordination
By: Sara Bormann, Jan Bouwens and Christian Hofmann
This study examines how control elements of a firm affect coordination among profit centers. The firm operates a network of 59 profit centers. It uses a transfer-pricing system designed to account for interdependencies between profit centers and to induce coordination.... View Details
Bormann, Sara, Jan Bouwens, and Christian Hofmann. "The Effect of Management Control Elements on Coordination." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-092, March 2014.
- 29 Aug 2022
- Op-Ed
Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?
understanding of how we measure inequality, we can both uncover its impact and intervene to more effectively correct it. One size doesn’t fit all In the plainest terms, inequality refers to the degree to... View Details
- Article
The Effects of Product Line Breadth: Evidence from the Automotive Industry
By: Antonio Moreno and Christian Terwiesch
Using a detailed data set from the U.S. automotive industry, we enrich the existing literature on product line breadth with new results that highlight previously unexplored operational aspects of its benefits and costs. We find that expanding product line breadth has a... View Details
Keywords: Variety; Pricing; Automotive Industry; Marketing/operations Interface; Platforms; Empirical Operations Management; Product Marketing; Production; Management; Auto Industry
Moreno, Antonio, and Christian Terwiesch. "The Effects of Product Line Breadth: Evidence from the Automotive Industry." Marketing Science 36, no. 2 (March–April 2017): 254–271.
- Research Summary
The Asymmetric Effect of Discount Retraction on Subsequent Choice
This paper examines the subsequent impact of a temporary price discount on brand preference after the promotion is retracted. Theorizing that price salience has an impact on price sensitivity, we propose that the effects of retracting a discount depend on the promoted... View Details
- 2013
- Working Paper
Network Effects in Countries' Adoption of IFRS
By: Karthik Ramanna and Ewa Sletten
If the differences in accounting standards across countries reflect relatively stable institutional differences (e.g., auditing technology, the rule of law, etc.), why did several countries rapidly, albeit in a staggered manner, adopt IFRS over local standards in the... View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; International Accounting; Network Effects; Standards; Adoption; Value
Ramanna, Karthik, and Ewa Sletten. "Network Effects in Countries' Adoption of IFRS." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-092, April 2010. (Revised July 2013.)
- Article
Operational Efficiency and Effective Management in the Catheterization Laboratory
By: Grant W. Reed, Michael L. Tushman and Samir R. Kapadia
Operational efficiency is a core business principle in which organizations strive to deliver high-quality goods or services in a cost-effective manner. This concept has become increasingly relevant to cardiac catheterization laboratories, as insurers move away from... View Details
Keywords: Cath Lab; Catheterization Laboratory; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Efficiency; Management; Performance Productivity; Cost Management; Health Industry
Reed, Grant W., Michael L. Tushman, and Samir R. Kapadia. "Operational Efficiency and Effective Management in the Catheterization Laboratory." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 72, no. 20 (November 20, 2018): 2507–2517.
- July 2017
- Article
What Do Measures of Real-Time Corporate Sales Tell Us About Earnings Surprises and Post-announcement Returns?
By: Kenneth A. Froot, Namho Kang, Gideon Ozik and Ronnie Sadka
We develop real-time proxies of retail corporate sales from multiple sources, including approximately 50 million mobile devices. These measures contain information from both the earnings quarter (within quarter) and the period between that quarter's end and the... View Details
Froot, Kenneth A., Namho Kang, Gideon Ozik, and Ronnie Sadka. "What Do Measures of Real-Time Corporate Sales Tell Us About Earnings Surprises and Post-announcement Returns?" Journal of Financial Economics 125, no. 1 (July 2017): 143–162. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 22366, June 2016, Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 16-123, April 2016.)
- 2011
- Working Paper
The Contingent Effect of Absorptive Capacity: An Open Innovation Analysis
By: Andrew A. King and Karim R. Lakhani
Technological advancement and innovation requires the integration of both external knowledge and internal inventiveness. In this paper, we unpack the concept of absorptive capacity and separately explore the effect of different types of prior experience on the capacity... View Details
Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Performance Capacity; Technology Adoption
King, Andrew A., and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Contingent Effect of Absorptive Capacity: An Open Innovation Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-102, April 2011.
- 30 Jan 2019
- What Do You Think?
Who Will Measure up to These Two Remarkable Leaders?
diversification and lower costs. So-called index funds became so popular that just before his death Bogle warned that their ubiquity could have a problematic effect on stock markets. Nevertheless, they were a primary factor leading to... View Details
- 2008
- Working Paper
New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability
By: Dale F. Gray, Robert C. Merton and Zvi Bodie
This paper proposes a new approach to improve the way central banks can analyze and manage the financial risks of a national economy. It is based on the modern theory and practice of contingent claims analysis (CCA), which is successfully used today at the level of... View Details
Gray, Dale F., Robert C. Merton, and Zvi Bodie. "New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-015, August 2008. (Revised.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation
By: Kyle Herkenhoff, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo and Benjamin Sampson
We measure the real effects of private equity buyouts on worker outcomes by building a new
database that links transactions to matched employer-employee data in the United States. To
guide our empirical analysis, we derive testable implications from three theories in... View Details
Herkenhoff, Kyle, Josh Lerner, Gordon M. Phillips, Francisca Rebelo, and Benjamin Sampson. "Private Equity and Workers: Modeling and Measuring Monopsony, Implicit Contracts, and Efficient Reallocation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-046, March 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
- 2007
- Working Paper
New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability
By: Dale F. Gray, Robert C. Merton and Zvi Bodie
This paper proposes a new approach to improve the way central banks can analyze and manage the financial risks of a national economy. It is based on the modern theory and practice of contingent claims analysis (CCA), which is successfully used today at the level of... View Details
Gray, Dale F., Robert C. Merton, and Zvi Bodie. "New Framework for Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13607, November 2007.
- October 2016 (Revised December 2016)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 6: Evaluating Strategic Profit Performance
By: Robert Simons
This module reading demonstrates how to calculate and analyze the profit generated by different business strategies. Formulas and examples are provided to calculate profit generated by changes in market share, revenue growth, efficiency improvements, and support costs.... View Details
Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Evaluating Business Performance; Profitability Analysis; Variance Analysis; Measuring Effectiveness; Measuring Efficiency; Activity-Based Costing; Flexible Budget; Accounting; Strategy
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 6: Evaluating Strategic Profit Performance." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-106, October 2016. (Revised December 2016.)