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      • Faculty Publications  (86)

      Measurement ProblemsRemove Measurement Problems →

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      • Article

      Mission-Driven Governance

      By: Raymond Fisman, Rakesh Khurana and Edward Martenson

      The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful, easily applied theory of governance performance. The existing model is fundamentally adversarial, rooted in the paradigm of principal-agent conflict. At its base is an image of governance as a never-ending struggle... View Details

      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Knowledge Management; Standards; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation
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      Fisman, Raymond, Rakesh Khurana, and Edward Martenson. "Mission-Driven Governance." Stanford Social Innovation Review 7, no. 3 (Summer 2009).
      • March 2009
      • Case

      Barbara Norris: Leading Change in the General Surgery Unit

      By: Boris Groysberg, Nitin Nohria and Deborah Bell
      Barbara Norris struggles to address the many problems facing her as a recently promoted nurse manager in the General Surgery Unit (GSU) at Eastern Massachusetts University Hospital (EMU). She has inherited a unit with the lowest employee satisfaction scores and highest... View Details
      Keywords: Employee Relationship Management; Leading Change; Service Delivery; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Groups and Teams; Motivation and Incentives; Satisfaction; Health Industry
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      Groysberg, Boris, Nitin Nohria, and Deborah Bell. "Barbara Norris: Leading Change in the General Surgery Unit." Harvard Business School Case 409-090, March 2009.
      • February 2009 (Revised March 2013)
      • Supplement

      Messer Griesheim (B)

      By: Josh Lerner, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz and Kerry Herman
      In 2001, Allianz Capital Partners and Godlman Sachs acquired a majority stake in Messer Greisheim, a European industrial gas concern held by Hoeschst. The dealmakers faced several challenges, including delicate corporate governance issues due to partial family... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Stock Options; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Family Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Energy Industry; Europe
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      Lerner, Josh, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz, and Kerry Herman. "Messer Griesheim (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 809-057, February 2009. (Revised March 2013.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Variation in Experience and Team Familiarity: Addressing the Knowledge Acquisition-Application Problem

      By: Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      Prior work in organizational learning has failed to find a consistent effect of variation in experience on performance. While some studies find a positive relationship between these two variables, others find no effect or even a negative relationship. In this paper, we... View Details
      Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Learning; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Organizational Culture; Performance Improvement; Groups and Teams; Familiarity; India
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      Huckman, Robert S., and Bradley R. Staats. "Variation in Experience and Team Familiarity: Addressing the Knowledge Acquisition-Application Problem." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-035, September 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

      By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Information Technology Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan D., John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-039, March 2008. (Revised October 2008, January 2011.)
      • December 2006 (Revised February 2007)
      • Case

      Opportunity International: Measurement and Mission

      By: Herman B. Leonard, Marc J. Epstein and Melissa Tritter
      After a "first career" in business, HBS graduate Christopher Crane becomes CEO of a worldwide microfinance network. The organization's twin challenges are: 1) developing metrics to give it an accurate picture of its situation and impacts, and 2) generating rapid... View Details
      Keywords: Microfinance; Measurement and Metrics; Problems and Challenges; Growth and Development Strategy; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Business Model; Nonprofit Organizations; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Financial Services Industry
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      Leonard, Herman B., Marc J. Epstein, and Melissa Tritter. "Opportunity International: Measurement and Mission." Harvard Business School Case 307-067, December 2006. (Revised February 2007.)
      • May – June 2006
      • Article

      Choose the Right Measures, Drive the Right Strategy

      By: Dennis Campbell
      Metrics overload is a common problem that can have serious consequences: Specifically, it can make it difficult for employees to see what actions they should take to execute strategic objectives. Having too many metrics dilutes the focus and invariably means many are... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Strategy; Employees; Customer Satisfaction
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      Campbell, Dennis. "Choose the Right Measures, Drive the Right Strategy." Balanced Scorecard Report (May–June 2006).
      • 2006
      • Working Paper

      Too Motivated?

      By: Eric J. Van den Steen

      I show that an agent's motivation to do well (objectively) may be unambiguously bad in a world with differing priors, i.e., when people openly disagree on the optimal course of action. The reason is that an agent who is strongly motivated is more likely to follow... View Details

      Keywords: Governance Controls; Employees; Wages; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance; Agency Theory; Motivation and Incentives
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      Van den Steen, Eric J. "Too Motivated?" Sloan School of Management Working Paper, No. 4547-05, April 2006. (Available at SSRN.)
      • May 2003 (Revised March 2004)
      • Case

      Harlem Children's Zone, The: Driving Performance with Measurement and Evaluation

      By: Allen S. Grossman and Daniel F. Curran
      Geoffrey Canada, CEO of the Harlem Children's Zone, wanted his organization to grow dramatically to reach thousands of poor and underserved children in Harlem. The agency ran a variety of successful social service programs throughout New York City that were separately... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Measurement and Metrics; Organizational Structure; Performance Evaluation; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Nonprofit Organizations; Expansion; Valuation
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      Grossman, Allen S., and Daniel F. Curran. "Harlem Children's Zone, The: Driving Performance with Measurement and Evaluation." Harvard Business School Case 303-109, May 2003. (Revised March 2004.)
      • October 2001
      • Exercise

      Liability Problems

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      This case provides three examples of the recognition and measurement of liabilities. The first focuses on recognizing when employees have rendered services for which future period benefits have been earned, that is, whether unused vacation, sick, and personal days at... View Details
      Keywords: Cash; Annuities; Interest Rates; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Wages; Problems and Challenges; Value
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Liability Problems." Harvard Business School Exercise 102-035, October 2001.
      • December 2000 (Revised February 2007)
      • Case

      Achieving Customer Satisfaction at Pizza Hut (A)

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Preeti Choudhary
      Describes how Pizza Hut measures and monitors customer satisfaction, customer complaints, and the quality of its retail locations. View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Systems; Risk Management; Franchise Ownership; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Quality; Food and Beverage Industry; Service Industry
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Preeti Choudhary. "Achieving Customer Satisfaction at Pizza Hut (A)." Harvard Business School Case 101-006, December 2000. (Revised February 2007.)
      • August 2000 (Revised November 2001)
      • Background Note

      Liability Reporting

      By: Paul M. Healy and Preeti Choudhary
      By examining key criteria for recognizing a liability, this case explores liability recognition in straightforward situations and then examines the most difficult reporting issues in recording liabilities. These often arise when: 1) uncertainty arises about whether an... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Reporting; Legal Liability; Valuation; Problems and Challenges; Accounting Industry
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      Healy, Paul M., and Preeti Choudhary. "Liability Reporting." Harvard Business School Background Note 101-016, August 2000. (Revised November 2001.)
      • 2000
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Career Concerns and Staged Investment: Evidence from the Venture Capital Industry

      By: Malcolm Baker
      I develop a model in which career concerns lead to inefficient reinvestment decisions. Managers have incentives to inflate interim returns by continuing bad projects and delaying write-offs. In the venture capital industry, the syndication of follow-on investments can... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Efficiency; Valuation; Venture Capital; Investment; Decisions; Motivation and Incentives; Quality
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      Baker, Malcolm. "Career Concerns and Staged Investment: Evidence from the Venture Capital Industry." 2000. (First draft in 2000.)
      • January 2000
      • Case

      Measurement and Management at CitySoft

      By: V.G. Narayanan and Sanjay Pothen
      CitySoft is a very small software developer that is grappling with issues of cost measurement and management. View Details
      Keywords: Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Applications and Software; Problems and Challenges; Information Technology Industry
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      Narayanan, V.G., and Sanjay Pothen. "Measurement and Management at CitySoft." Harvard Business School Case 100-056, January 2000.
      • 1998
      • Working Paper

      CEO Incentives and Firm Size

      By: Brian Hall and George P. Baker
      What determines CEO incentives? A confusion exists among both academics and practitioners about how to measure the strength of CEO incentives, and how to reconcile the enormous differences in pay sensitivities between executives in large and small firms. We show that... View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Motivation and Incentives; Executive Compensation; Size; Management Systems
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      Hall, Brian, and George P. Baker. "CEO Incentives and Firm Size." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 6868, December 1998.
      • 1998
      • Article

      Looking Inside the Fishbowl of Creativity: Verbal and Behavioral Predictors of Creative Performance

      By: J. Ruscio, D. M. Whitney and T. M. Amabile
      This study set out to identify specific task behaviors that predict observable product creativity in three domains and to identify which of those behaviors mediate the well-established link between intrinsic motivation and creativity. One-hundred fifty-one... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Behavior
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      Ruscio, J., D. M. Whitney, and T. M. Amabile. "Looking Inside the Fishbowl of Creativity: Verbal and Behavioral Predictors of Creative Performance." Creativity Research Journal 11, no. 3 (1998): 243–263.
      • October 1990
      • Case

      Manufacturers Hanover Corp.: Customer Profitability Report

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Banking company noting declining profitability from its traditional lending activities has started to measure the total profitability of its lending relationships. A loan pricing model estimates the profit and return-on-equity from commercial loans. Additional work was... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Return; Revenue; Commercial Banking; Banks and Banking; Customer Value and Value Chain; Banking Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Manufacturers Hanover Corp.: Customer Profitability Report." Harvard Business School Case 191-068, October 1990.
      • May 1984 (Revised May 1989)
      • Case

      Cleveland Twist Drill (B)

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh
      Describes events at Cleveland Twist Drill between April 1982 and February 1983. Jim Bartlett's approach to the union and the implementation of the "move strategy" are described. Students are asked to evaluate these actions and to develop plans for dealing with current... View Details
      Keywords: History; Management Style; Leadership Style; Standards; Power and Influence
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      Hamermesh, Richard G. "Cleveland Twist Drill (B)." Harvard Business School Case 384-163, May 1984. (Revised May 1989.)
      • October 1983
      • Article

      Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge for Management Accounting Research

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Problems and Challenges; Accounting; Research; Performance
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge for Management Accounting Research." Accounting Review 58 (October 1983): 686–705.
      • December 1981 (Revised September 1986)
      • Background Note

      Research Methods in Marketing: Survey Research

      By: Robert J. Dolan
      Presents basic issues in survey research, covering both measurement and sampling error. The intention is to consider each element of the survey process: problem statement, questionnaire design, sampling, and data analysis. View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Surveys; Marketing
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      Dolan, Robert J. "Research Methods in Marketing: Survey Research." Harvard Business School Background Note 582-055, December 1981. (Revised September 1986.)
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