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  • All HBS Web  (18,450)
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Show Results For

  • All HBS Web  (18,450)
    • People  (25)
    • News  (3,477)
    • Research  (12,677)
    • Events  (105)
    • Multimedia  (295)
  • Faculty Publications  (10,587)
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  • Research Summary

Marketing and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets

In his research on pharmaceutical markets, Professor King explores how marketing and product differentiation affect competition among firms in the prescription market for anti-ulcer drugs. Four main results emerge from an analysis of antiulcer drug sales from 1977 to... View Details
  • 15 Oct 2014
  • News

The Dark Side of Efficient Markets

Keywords: financial markets; efficiency; futures
  • August 1984 (Revised October 1992)
  • Background Note

Marketing Implementation

By: John A. Quelch
Describes a framework for evaluating marketing implementation problems and assesses the interfaces between marketing strategy and implementation. View Details
Keywords: Marketing Strategy
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Quelch, John A. "Marketing Implementation." Harvard Business School Background Note 585-024, August 1984. (Revised October 1992.)
  • September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
  • Technical Note

Algorithmic Bias in Marketing

By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and product—characterizing the marketing... View Details
Keywords: Algorithmic Data; Race And Ethnicity; Promotion; "Marketing Analytics"; Marketing And Society; Big Data; Privacy; Data-driven Management; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; E-Commerce Strategy; Discrimination; Targeting; Targeted Advertising; Pricing Algorithms; Ethical Decision Making; Customer Heterogeneity; Marketing; Race; Ethnicity; Gender; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Marketing Communications; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Decision Making; Ethics; Customer Relationship Management; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; United States
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Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Algorithmic Bias in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 521-020, September 2020. (Revised July 2022.)
  • 19 Nov 2014
  • HBS Case

Marketing Marijuana

against federal law? But in the absence of enforcement action by the United States government, perhaps the better question is, what will the inevitable national market in marijuana shake out? Will it consist of grungy underground head... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding; Food & Beverage
  • August 1991
  • Background Note

Marketing Research

Summarizes and synthesizes materials in the following notes: Marketing Situation Assessment, Marketing Research: An Overview of Research Methods, and Research Methods in Marketing: Survey Research. View Details
Keywords: Marketing
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Sultan, Fareena. "Marketing Research." Harvard Business School Background Note 592-013, August 1991.
  • February 2015
  • Article

Risk, Information, and Incentives in Online Affiliate Marketing

By: Benjamin Edelman and Wesley Brandi
We examine online affiliate marketing programs in which merchants oversee thousands of affiliates they have never met. Some merchants hire outside specialists to set and enforce policies for affiliates, while other merchants ask their ordinary marketing staff to... View Details
Keywords: Affiliate Marketing; Incentives; Fraud; Advertising; Internet and the Web; Marketing Communications; Ethics; Digital Marketing
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Edelman, Benjamin, and Wesley Brandi. "Risk, Information, and Incentives in Online Affiliate Marketing." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 52, no. 1 (February 2015): 1–12. (Lead Article.)
  • June 2013
  • Supplement

Novozymes/Henrik Meyer, V.P. of Marketing and Business Development, Novozymes

By: Krishna G. Palepu
Video Supplement to the case, "Novozymes: Cracking the Emerging Markets Code." View Details
Keywords: Business To Business Marketing; Emerging Markets; Strategy; Chemical Industry; Industrial Products Industry; China; Denmark
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Palepu, Krishna G. "Novozymes/Henrik Meyer, V.P. of Marketing and Business Development, Novozymes." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 113-703, June 2013.
  • July 2014 (Revised August 2014)
  • Case

AmazonFresh: Rekindling the Online Grocery Market

By: Rory McDonald, Clayton Christensen, Robin Yang and Ty Hollingsworth
More than a decade after the high-profile failures of several early online grocers, grocery remains the largest single U.S. retail category and one of the few that has not yet migrated online. Amazon began testing its grocery-delivery service, AmazonFresh, in Seattle,... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; New Markets; Grocery; Operations Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Strategy; Emerging Markets; Learning; Service Operations; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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McDonald, Rory, Clayton Christensen, Robin Yang, and Ty Hollingsworth. "AmazonFresh: Rekindling the Online Grocery Market." Harvard Business School Case 615-013, July 2014. (Revised August 2014.)
  • Research Summary

Social Marketing and Cause Marketing

By: V. Kasturi Rangan
Rangan is studying the role of marketing in influencing social change by focusing on the adoption of social products and ideas such as family planning, economic development, drug abuse prevention, health care, and recycling. Rangan is attempting to determine how social... View Details
  • March 1997
  • Background Note

Asymmetric Information: Market Failures, Market Distortions, and Market Solutions

Presents a conceptual framework for thinking about markets characterized by asymmetric information. Presents the standard economic analysis of "the lemons problem," and demonstrates how asymmetric information may lead to market inefficiencies and alter the distribution... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Strategy
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Corts, Kenneth S. "Asymmetric Information: Market Failures, Market Distortions, and Market Solutions." Harvard Business School Background Note 797-100, March 1997.
  • November 2019
  • Teaching Note

Magnus Resch: Transforming the Art Market Through Transparency

By: Henry McGee and Sarah Mehta
Teaching Note for HBS No. 319-002. This teaching note pairs with a case on economist and entrepreneur Magnus Resch, who is on a mission to make the art market more transparent. He has built the Magnus app, which catalogues the price and transaction history of millions... View Details
Keywords: Art Market; Transparency; Art Pricing; Business Startups; Innovation Strategy; Culture; Business Strategy; Mobile Technology; Fine Arts Industry; Information Technology Industry
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McGee, Henry, and Sarah Mehta. "Magnus Resch: Transforming the Art Market Through Transparency." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 320-021, November 2019.
  • Article

Marketing in the Age of Web 2.0

By: Jill Avery
Web 2.0 technologies empower consumers to create their own personalized experiences on the web, and to share them with others. Hence, web content is democratized and consumers' experiences online are largely social rather than individualistic. View Details
Keywords: Digital Marketing; Internet; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Internet and the Web; Social Media; Consumer Products Industry; Technology Industry
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Avery, Jill. "Marketing in the Age of Web 2.0." Simmons Magazine, SOM Edition 90, no. 3 (Fall 2008): 21.
  • October 2005 (Revised October 2006)
  • Background Note

Marketing Promotions

Introduces the major communication vehicles and the process by which they can be brought together in an integrated marketing communications plan. View Details
Keywords: Marketing Communications
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Wosinska, Marta. "Marketing Promotions." Harvard Business School Background Note 506-028, October 2005. (Revised October 2006.)
  • September 1975
  • Background Note

Market Analysis

Describes the nature and purposes of market analysis. Among topics briefly discussed are primary and selective demand, determinants of demand, market segmentation, the product life cycle, and temporal or cyclical demand variations. Intended as background reading in an... View Details
Keywords: Analysis; Markets; Marketing
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Lovelock, Christopher H. "Market Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 576-056, September 1975.
  • June 2005 (Revised October 2007)
  • Background Note

Market Efficiency

By: Joshua D. Coval, Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zachary Page and Paul Passoni
Covers how prices react to information, the incentives for bringing information into prices, and the paradox of market efficiency in equilibrium--for investors to work hard keeping markets efficient, they must always be somewhat inefficient at the margin. Uses separate... View Details
Keywords: Market Design; Price
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Coval, Joshua D., Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zachary Page, and Paul Passoni. "Market Efficiency." Harvard Business School Background Note 205-081, June 2005. (Revised October 2007.)
  • June 2025
  • Article

Collusion in Brokered Markets

By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
High commissions in the U.S. residential real estate agency market present a puzzle for economic theory because brokerage is not a concentrated industry. We model brokered markets as a game in which agents post prices for customers and then choose which other agents to... View Details
Keywords: Real Estate Agents; Real Estate; Realtors; Broker Networks; Brokerage; Brokerage Commissions; "Brokerage Industry; Brokered Markets; Brokering; Brokers; Industrial Organization; Repeated Game Framework; "Repeated Games"; Collusion; Antitrust; Microeconomics; Market Design; Theory; Game Theory; Real Estate Industry
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Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Brokered Markets." Journal of Finance 80, no. 3 (June 2025): 1417–1462.
  • October 1991
  • Background Note

Market Research

By: Robert J. Dolan
Describes the major classes of market research. Provides students with an overview of methods available enabling them to select the proper set for their purposes. View Details
Keywords: Research; Markets
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Dolan, Robert J. "Market Research." Harvard Business School Background Note 592-034, October 1991.
  • Article

Entry into Platform-based Markets

By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
This paper examines the relative importance of platform quality, indirect network effects, and consumer expectations on the success of entrants in platform-based markets. We develop a theoretical model and find that an entrant's success depends on the strength of... View Details
Keywords: Platform-based Markets; Winnter-take-all; First-mover Advantage; Indirect Network Effects; Video Game Industry; Quality; Network Effects; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
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Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Entry into Platform-based Markets." Strategic Management Journal 33, no. 1 (January 2012): 88–106.
  • April 2000
  • Background Note

Market Failures

By: Bharat N. Anand, Tarun Khanna and Jan W. Rivkin
Examines the role of transaction costs in impeding the functioning of markets and shows how the concept of transaction costs sheds light on a broad range of issues in strategy. View Details
Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Cost; Market Transactions; Industry Clusters; Failure; Internet
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Anand, Bharat N., Tarun Khanna, and Jan W. Rivkin. "Market Failures." Harvard Business School Background Note 700-127, April 2000.
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