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      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Bottlenecks, Modules and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      How do firms create and capture value in large technical systems? In this paper, I argue that the points of both value creation and value capture are the system's bottlenecks. Bottlenecks arise first as important technical problems to be solved. Once the problem is... View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Architectural Knowledge; Dynamic Capabilities; Bottleneck; Modularity; Organization Design; Organization Boundaries; Property Rights; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Bottlenecks, Modules and Dynamic Architectural Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-028, October 2014. (Revised May 2015.)
      • October 2014
      • Article

      The Promise of Positive Optimal Taxation: Normative Diversity and a Role for Equal Sacrifice

      By: Matthew Weinzierl
      A prominent assumption in modern optimal tax research is that the objective of taxation is Utilitarian. I present new survey evidence that most people disagree with this assumption, preferring tax policies based at least in part on a classic alternative objective: the... View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Theory
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      Weinzierl, Matthew. "The Promise of Positive Optimal Taxation: Normative Diversity and a Role for Equal Sacrifice." Journal of Public Economics 118 (October 2014): 128–142. (Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18599.)
      • March 2014 (Revised September 2014)
      • Supplement

      Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Natalie Kindred
      This case, a follow-up to Cancer Treatment Centers of America (A), HBS No. 313-012, begins with the debate over New Hampshire's certificate-of-need (CON) law, which restricts hospital expansion. This debate ignited significant public criticism of Cancer Treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Cancer; Cancer Treatment; Accountability; Outcomes; Outcomes Reporting; Outcomes Measurement; Survival; For-profit Hospitals; Health Care; Healthcare; Hospital; Certificate Of Need; Health Care and Treatment; Outcome or Result; Corporate Accountability; Policy; Health Industry; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Natalie Kindred. "Cancer Treatment Centers of America® (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 314-003, March 2014. (Revised September 2014.)
      • 2013
      • Chapter

      Market Imperfections and Sustainable Competitive Advantage

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Dennis Yao
      This chapter reviews the main theories in strategic management that seek to explain persistent differences in profitability across companies. We argue that these differences are ultimately explained by market imperfections. Studying differences in financial performance... View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Management; Market Imperfections; Five Forces Framework; Competitive Advantage; Profit
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, and Dennis Yao. "Market Imperfections and Sustainable Competitive Advantage." Chap. 12 in Oxford Handbook of Managerial Economics, by Christopher R. Thomas and William F. Shughart II, 262–277. Oxford University Press, 2013.
      • April 2013 (Revised November 2015)
      • Case

      Advanced Leadership Pathways: Gilberto Dimenstein and Community Empowerment in Brazil

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Alexandre Naghirniac, Ai-Ling Jamila Malone and Daniella Suarez
      In 2011, Gilberto Dimenstein, a well-known Brazilian journalist, created a new model that connected disparate resources to revitalize Sao Paulo. He wanted his model to expand across Brazil and the world. Dimenstein covered many of the social issues facing Brazil as a... View Details
      Keywords: Social Change; Websites; Education; Awareness; Marketing Communication; City Innovation; Leadership; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Web Sites; Marketing; City; Brazil
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, Alexandre Naghirniac, Ai-Ling Jamila Malone, and Daniella Suarez. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Gilberto Dimenstein and Community Empowerment in Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 313-116, April 2013. (Revised November 2015.)
      • 2013
      • Case

      Advanced Leadership Pathways: Gilberto Dimenstein and Community Empowerment in Brazil (A)

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Alexandre Naghirniac, Ai-Ling Jamila Malone and Daniella Suarez
      In 2011, Gilberto Dimenstein, a well-known Brazilian journalist, created a new model that connected disparate resources to revitalize Sao Paulo. He wanted his model to expand across Brazil and the world. Dimenstein covered many of the social issues facing Brazil as a... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Urban Scope; Social Issues; Education; Knowledge Dissemination; Learning; Leading Change; Brazil
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., Alexandre Naghirniac, Ai-Ling Jamila Malone, and Daniella Suarez. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Gilberto Dimenstein and Community Empowerment in Brazil (A)." Harvard Business Publishing Case 313-116, 2013. (Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative.)
      • February 2013 (Revised May 2014)
      • Case

      Women MBAs at Harvard Business School: 1962–2012

      By: Boris Groysberg, Kerry Herman and Annelena Lobb
      Eight women had first enrolled in Harvard Business School's traditional MBA program in 1963. By 2013, the number of women in the MBA classroom had reached 40%. The 50th anniversary of women's enrollment in the traditional MBA program gave HBS Dean Nitin Nohria the... View Details
      Keywords: Business Education; Boston
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      Groysberg, Boris, Kerry Herman, and Annelena Lobb. "Women MBAs at Harvard Business School: 1962–2012." Harvard Business School Case 413-013, February 2013. (Revised May 2014.)
      • July 2012
      • Case

      Droga5: Launching Jay-Z's Decoded

      By: Anita Elberse and Kwame Owusu-Kesse
      In 2010, David Droga and Andrew Essex, co-founders of advertising agency Droga5, hope to convince both John Meneilly, manager of hip-hop star Shawn Carter—better known as Jay-Z—and a partner in Carter's company Roc Nation and Yusuf Mehdi, senior vice president of... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Entertainment; Advertising Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Kwame Owusu-Kesse. "Droga5: Launching Jay-Z's Decoded." Harvard Business School Case 513-032, July 2012.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Do U.S. Market Interactions Affect CEO Pay? Evidence from UK Companies

      By: Joseph J. Gerakos, Joseph D. Piotroski and Suraj Srinivasan
      This paper examines the extent that interactions with U.S. markets impact the compensation practices of non-U.S. firms. Using a sample of large U.K. companies, we find that the total compensation of U.K. CEOs is positively related to the extent of the firm's... View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Corporate Governance; Executive Compensation; Management Practices and Processes; Motivation and Incentives; United Kingdom; United States
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      Gerakos, Joseph J., Joseph D. Piotroski, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Do U.S. Market Interactions Affect CEO Pay? Evidence from UK Companies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-075, January 2011.
      • December 2010
      • Background Note

      Risk and Reward in Venture Capital

      By: William A. Sahlman
      This note describes the payoff structure of investment in individual venture capital–backed companies and in venture capital portfolios. Venture Capital investments are characterized by high failure rate (0ver 50%) and a small number of given successes (greater than... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Venture Capital; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Analytics and Data Science; Failure; Performance; Information Technology
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      Sahlman, William A. "Risk and Reward in Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Background Note 811-036, December 2010.
      • October 2010
      • Article

      The Emerging Capital Market for Nonprofits

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Allen S. Grossman
      Many of our largest and most successful companies today did not exist 50 years ago. During this same time interval, companies that ranked among top in the 1960s have disappeared, been merged out of existence, or become much smaller presences in the U.S. industrial... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Investment Funds; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Corporate Accountability; Management Practices and Processes; Infrastructure; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Effectiveness; Nonprofit Organizations
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Allen S. Grossman. "The Emerging Capital Market for Nonprofits." Harvard Business Review 88, no. 10 (October 2010).
      • August 2008 (Revised August 2009)
      • Case

      Lan Airlines in 2008: Connecting the World to Latin America

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Jorge Tarzijan and Mitchel Jordan
      Lan Airlines operates three distinct models: low-cost for domestic short-haul flights, full-service for international routes; and an international cargo business, the latter of which makes up 33% of Lan's overall revenues (markedly different from many U.S. legacy... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Air Transportation Industry; Latin America
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Jorge Tarzijan, and Mitchel Jordan. "Lan Airlines in 2008: Connecting the World to Latin America." Harvard Business School Case 709-410, August 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
      • June 2008
      • Article

      How Are Preferences Revealed?

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      Revealed preferences are tastes that rationalize an economic agent's observed actions. Normative preferences represent the agent's actual interests. It sometimes makes sense to assume that revealed preferences are identical to normative preferences. But there are many... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Attitudes; Microeconomics
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "How Are Preferences Revealed?" Journal of Public Economics 92, nos. 8-9 (June 2008): 1787–1794.
      • April 2007 (Revised March 2008)
      • Case

      Dr. Iqbal Survé at Sekunjalo Investment Group (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Stecker
      Dr. Iqbal Surve, a self-described "medical doctor, philanthropist, and social entrepreneur," was born in 1963 and grew up in poverty, like virtually all non-white South Africans during apartheid. During the 1970s and 1980s, he served in leadership positions in the ANC,... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Social Entrepreneurship; Investment; Leadership; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Partners and Partnerships; South Africa
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Stecker. "Dr. Iqbal Survé at Sekunjalo Investment Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 407-019, April 2007. (Revised March 2008.)
      • 2007
      • Article

      Three Perspectives on Team Learning: Outcome Improvement, Task Mastery, and Group Process

      By: Amy C. Edmondson, James R. Dillon and Kate Roloff
      The emergence of a research literature on team learning has been driven by at least two factors. First, longstanding interest in what makes organizational work teams effective leads naturally to questions about how members of newly formed teams learn to work together... View Details
      Keywords: Learning; Organizational Culture; Performance Improvement; Practice; Groups and Teams; Research; Adaptation; Cooperation
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      Edmondson, Amy C., James R. Dillon, and Kate Roloff. "Three Perspectives on Team Learning: Outcome Improvement, Task Mastery, and Group Process." Academy of Management Annals 1 (2007): 269–314.
      • May 2003
      • Case

      Renault-Nissan Alliance, The

      By: Michael Y. Yoshino and Perry Fagan
      On Wednesday, May 29, 2002, the board of directors of Renault-Nissan BV (RNBV) met for the first time to discuss the state of the alliance between Renault SA and Nissan Motors-two of the world's largest automakers. RNBV was a 50/50 joint venture company established in... View Details
      Keywords: Joint Ventures; Global Strategy; Organizational Culture; Alliances; Business or Company Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Auto Industry
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      Yoshino, Michael Y., and Perry Fagan. "Renault-Nissan Alliance, The." Harvard Business School Case 303-023, May 2003.
      • July 2001
      • Case

      Bobbie D'Alessandro and the Redesign of the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School

      By: Linda A. Hill, Kristin Doughty and Ellen Pruyne
      Bobbi D'Alessandro, the superintendent of the school system in Cambridge, MA, has just hired a new principal to lead a major redesign effort in the city's only high school. The need for reform had been evident since the late 1980s when school statistics highlighted... View Details
      Keywords: Problems and Challenges; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Performance Improvement; Change Management; Secondary Education; Selection and Staffing; Leading Change; Education Industry; Cambridge
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      Hill, Linda A., Kristin Doughty, and Ellen Pruyne. "Bobbie D'Alessandro and the Redesign of the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School." Harvard Business School Case 402-002, July 2001.
      • July 1999 (Revised January 2004)
      • Case

      Chrysler and BMW: Tritec Engine Joint Venture

      By: H. Kent Bowen and Courtney Purrington
      A gifted project leader lacks significant new product development experience. The case highlights the issues and procedures related to defining the project strategy: organizing senior management approvals and support for creating a "heavyweight" team; aligning the... View Details
      Keywords: Product Development; Joint Ventures; Projects; Business Strategy; Management Teams; Groups and Teams; Machinery and Machining; Design; Business Processes; Product Design; Product; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Auto Industry
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      Bowen, H. Kent, and Courtney Purrington. "Chrysler and BMW: Tritec Engine Joint Venture." Harvard Business School Case 600-004, July 1999. (Revised January 2004.)
      • November 1996 (Revised August 1997)
      • Case

      Project "Dial-Tone"

      By: William A. Sahlman and Andrew S. Janower
      Bob Hellman, a partner in a West Coast middle-market buyout firm, is attempting to simultaneously acquire and merge three disparate firms in the rapidly consolidating telemarketing services industry. Hellman must value the individual companies as well as the combined... View Details
      Keywords: Complexity; Private Equity; Integration; Mergers and Acquisitions; Negotiation Deal; Strategic Planning; Investment; Opportunities; Valuation; Service Industry
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      Sahlman, William A., and Andrew S. Janower. Project "Dial-Tone". Harvard Business School Case 897-003, November 1996. (Revised August 1997.)
      • March 1996 (Revised April 2006)
      • Case

      Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell

      By: Kenneth A. Froot and Andre F. Perold
      Royal Dutch and Shell common stocks are securities with linked cash flow, so that the ratio of their stock prices should be fixed. In fact, the ratio is highly variable, moving with the markets where the securities are intensively traded. Royal Dutch trades more... View Details
      Keywords: International Equity Markets; International Cost Of Capital; Cross-border Valuation; International Finance; Equity; Cost of Capital; Valuation; Cash Flow
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      Froot, Kenneth A., and Andre F. Perold. "Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell." Harvard Business School Case 296-077, March 1996. (Revised April 2006.)
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