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  • Article

The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing

By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Innovative regulatory programs are encouraging firms to police their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily disclose, or "confess," the violations they find. Despite the "win-win" rhetoric surrounding these government voluntary programs, it is not clear why... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Governance Compliance; Law Enforcement; Policy; United States
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  • 19 Nov 2019
  • Op-Ed

Gender Bias Complaints against Apple Card Signal a Dark Side to Fintech

customers be able to see what pieces of data may have led to a loan rejection or a lower credit limit? Should regulators have access to the algorithms and test them for the impact they have on underserved or protected classes? The Apple... View Details
Keywords: by Karen G. Mills; Financial Services
  • May 2011
  • Article

Consequences and Institutional Determinants of Unregulated Corporate Financial Statements: Evidence from Embedded Value Reporting

By: George Serafeim
I analyze Embedded Value (EV) reporting by firms with life insurance operations to assess the impact of unregulated financial reporting on transparency and to examine the institutional characteristics that promote unregulated reporting. Under EV accounting the present... View Details
Keywords: Financial Statements; Mergers and Acquisitions; Financial Reporting; Cash Flow; Contracts; Equity; Profit; Value; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business Earnings
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  • February 2022 (Revised November 2022)
  • Case

Fondeadora

By: Álvaro Rodríguez Arregui and Mitchell Weiss
Norman Müller and René Serrano, cofounders of Fondeadora, a Mexican “neobank,” had lined up a $12.5 million in Series A funding round in 2020 only to run into a major obstacle: The lead investor was Gradient Ventures, a venture firm launched by Alphabet, Inc., and... View Details
Keywords: Fundraising; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Financial Institutions; Business Startups; Government Legislation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Mexico City; Latin America
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  • August 2011
  • Article

Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing

By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Programs; Governance Compliance; Corporate Disclosure; Law Enforcement
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  • February 2025
  • Article

Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots

By: Julian De Freitas and I. Glenn Cohen
In the wake of recent advancements in generative AI, regulatory bodies are trying to keep pace. One key decision is whether to require app makers to disclose the use of generative AI-powered chatbots in their products. We suggest that some generative AI-based chatbots... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software; Well-being
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  • 02 Apr 2019
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, April 2, 2019

forthcoming Review of Accounting Studies The Effect of Enforcement Transparency: Evidence from SEC Comment-Letter Reviews By: Duro, Miguel, Jonas Heese, and Gaizka Ormazabal Abstract—This paper studies the effect of the public disclosure... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • October 2014 (Revised March 2015)
  • Case

Integrated Reporting at Aegon

By: Robert G. Eccles, George Serafeim, Sydney Ribot and Michael Krzus
In 2011, Aegon adopted integrated reporting—a corporate reporting approach that sought to present company performance in a holistic light by considering medium- to long-term issues, stakeholder opinions, and the relationship between material financial and nonfinancial... View Details
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  • 06 Nov 2012
  • First Look

First Look: November 6

dishonesty as morally acceptable and thus feel less guilty about benefiting from cheating. We discuss the implications of these results for collaborations in the social realm. License to Cheat: Voluntary Regulation and Ethical Behavior... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 04 Jan 2012
  • First Look

First Look: January 4

Environmental, Social, and Governance [ESG]) information, including data produced by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), is growing. Using data from Bloomberg we analyze this interest from a variety of different perspectives, and in... View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 26 Sep 2013
  • Working Paper Summaries

Playing Favorites: How Firms Prevent the Revelation of Bad News

Keywords: by Lauren Cohen, Dong Lou & Christopher Malloy; Financial Services
  • 22 Jun 2009
  • Research & Ideas

“Too Big To Fail”: Reining In Large Financial Firms

system to an entirely new level," he warns. But Moss has a fix: The federal government should slap tough new regulations on all firms that pose "systemic risk" —the risk that a failure of one institution could wreak havoc across the... View Details
Keywords: by Roger Thompson; Banking; Financial Services
  • 25 Oct 2016
  • First Look

October 25, 2016

https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=51775 Managers' Cultural Background and Disclosure Attributes By: Brochet, Francois, Gregory S. Miller, Patricia Naranjo, and Gwen Yu Abstract—We examine how a manager’s ethnic cultural... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 20 Nov 2012
  • First Look

First Look: November 20

their increased tendency to behave fairly. Read the paper: http://www.people.hbs.edu/mnorton/shaw et al.pdf Robust Enforcement Should Complement Voluntary Regulation Authors:Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel Publication:Georgetown... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 18 Jul 2006
  • First Look

First Look: July 18, 2006

Principles of Business Conduct. Governance-Linked D&O Market-Based Governance: Leveraging D&O Insurance to Drive Corporate Governance Authors:Srikant M. Datar and J. H. Friedland Publisher:International Journal of Disclosure and... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 07 May 2013
  • First Look

First Look: May 7

and the concentration of the certification industry. We also analyze the possibility that certifiers opt for a quick turnaround time at the expense of a lower accuracy. Finally, we investigate the opportunity of regulating transparency.  ... View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 11 Aug 2017
  • Working Paper Summaries

Rethinking Measurement of Pay Disparity and Its Relation to Firm Performance

Keywords: by Ethan Rouen
  • January 2017 (Revised January 2019)
  • Case

The Rise and Fall of Lehman Brothers

By: Stuart C. Gilson, Kristin Mugford and Sarah L. Abbott
With nearly $700 billion in assets, Lehman was the largest U.S. bankruptcy in history. In 2007, Lehman achieved record earnings of over $4 billion on revenues of $60 billion. By September 2008 the fourth largest investment bank in the world was bankrupt. How had a... View Details
Keywords: Bankruptcy; Financial Distress; Accounting Policies; Business Ethics; Financial Reporting; Volatility; Judgments; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financial Liquidity; Investment Banking; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Failure; Business and Government Relations; Ethics; Banking Industry; New York (city, NY)
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  • 02 Sep 2008
  • First Look

First Look: September 3, 2008

the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers0809.html#wp09-018 Responding to Public and Private Politics: Corporate Disclosure of Climate Change Strategies Authors:Erin M.Reid, Michael W. Toffel Abstract The... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 10 Jun 2008
  • First Look

First Look: June 10, 2008

benefit allied politicians. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/08-100.pdf Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Is Voluntary Disclosure a Signal of Effective Self-Policing? Authors:Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short Abstract As... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace