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  • All HBS Web  (1,658)
    • News  (552)
    • Research  (600)
    • Events  (29)
    • Multimedia  (84)
  • Faculty Publications  (581)
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  • May 9, 2023
  • Article

8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered

By: Tsedal Neeley
Generative AI tools are poised to change the way every business operates. As your own organization begins strategizing which to use, and how, operational and ethical considerations are inevitable. This article delves into eight of them, including how your organization... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Prejudice and Bias; Ethics
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Neeley, Tsedal. "8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (May 9, 2023).
  • September–October 2024
  • Article

How AI Can Power Brand Management

By: Julian De Freitas and Elie Ofek
Marketers have begun experimenting with AI to improve their brand-management efforts. But unlike other marketing tasks, brand management involves more than just repeatedly executing one specialized function. Long considered the exclusive domain of creative talent, it... View Details
Keywords: Creativity; AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Customer Focus and Relationships
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De Freitas, Julian, and Elie Ofek. "How AI Can Power Brand Management." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 108–114.
  • July–August 2025
  • Article

Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand

By: Julian De Freitas
How companies market their AI systems affects the repercussions they face when their products fail. Marketers must promote their AI products with potential failure in mind. To do that, they must first understand consumers’ unique attitudes toward AI. Marketers who... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Product Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Attitudes
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De Freitas, Julian. "Don’t Let an AI Failure Harm Your Brand." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 4 (July–August 2025): 126–133.
  • 26 Mar 2024
  • Research & Ideas

How Humans Outshine AI in Adapting to Change

concretely show what this buys humans over AI.” With many companies looking to AI to streamline processes and increase productivity, the research shines a light on the limitations of the technology, says De Freitas, who is also director... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne; Technology; Information Technology
  • January 2025
  • Teaching Note

AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup

By: Frank Nagle and Susan Pinckney
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 724-444. In 2024, AI agent startup company AGENTS.inc faced multiple strategic decisions that could shape the company’s ability to grow into the future AI agent market leader. View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurial Finance; Competition; Computer Industry; Technology Industry; Europe; Germany
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Nagle, Frank, and Susan Pinckney. "AGENTS.inc: Pathways to Growth at an AI Startup." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-353, January 2025.
  • February 2025
  • Teaching Note

Google Quantum AI

By: David B. Yoffie
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 725-362. View Details
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Yoffie, David B. "Google Quantum AI." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 725-432, February 2025.
  • March 2025
  • Case

Stagwell: AI and the Future of Marketing

By: Suraj Srinivasan and Radhika Kak
In early 2025, Mark Penn, Founder, CEO and Chairman of Stagwell, a global marketing company with a network of over 70+ agencies that served over 4000 blue-chip customers across 40 countries, was looking at ways that marketers should navigate the disruption emanating... View Details
Keywords: Advertising; Innovation Strategy; Change Management; AI and Machine Learning; Digital Transformation; Technology Adoption; Marketing Strategy; Service Delivery; Creativity; Business Model; Advertising Industry; Technology Industry
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Srinivasan, Suraj, and Radhika Kak. "Stagwell: AI and the Future of Marketing." Harvard Business School Case 125-089, March 2025.
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Generative AI

By: Nicholas G. Otis, Solène Delecourt, Katelynn Cranney and Rembrand Koning
Generative AI has the potential to transform productivity and reduce inequality, but only if adopted broadly. In this paper, we show that recently identified gender gaps in generative AI use are nearly universal. Synthesizing data from 18 studies covering more than... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Technology Adoption; Behavior
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Otis, Nicholas G., Solène Delecourt, Katelynn Cranney, and Rembrand Koning. "Global Evidence on Gender Gaps and Generative AI." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-023, October 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
  • August 2023
  • Case

Beamery: Using Skills and AI to Modernize HR

By: Boris Groysberg, Alexis Lefort, Susan Pinckney and Carolina Bartunek
Unicorn human relationships startup Beamery evaluates it's growth versus depth strategy as its strategic partners and customers could become future competitors in a quickly changing AI based human resources and talent management industry View Details
Keywords: Acquisition; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Competency and Skills; Experience and Expertise; Talent and Talent Management; Customers; Nationality; Learning; Entrepreneurship; Employee Relationship Management; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Values and Beliefs; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Analytics and Data Science; Applications and Software; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Job Offer; Job Search; Job Design and Levels; Employment; Human Capital; Europe; United Kingdom; United States
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Groysberg, Boris, Alexis Lefort, Susan Pinckney, and Carolina Bartunek. "Beamery: Using Skills and AI to Modernize HR." Harvard Business School Case 424-004, August 2023.
  • June 19, 2023
  • Article

Should You Start a Generative AI Company?

By: Julian De Freitas
Many entrepreneurs are considering starting companies that leverage the latest generative AI technology, but they must ask themselves whether they have what it takes to compete on increasingly commoditized foundational models, or whether they should instead... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software
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De Freitas, Julian. "Should You Start a Generative AI Company?" Harvard Business Review (website) (June 19, 2023).
  • 09 Aug 2022
  • Cold Call Podcast

A Lesson from Google: Can AI Bias be Monitored Internally?

Keywords: Re: Tsedal Neeley
  • 2025
  • Article

Humor as a Window into Generative AI Bias

By: Roger Samure, Julian De Freitas and Stefano Puntoni
A preregistered audit of 600 images by generative AI across 150 different prompts explores the link between humor and discrimination in consumer-facing AI solutions. When ChatGPT updates images to make them “funnier”, the prevalence of stereotyped groups changes. While... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias
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Samure, Roger, Julian De Freitas, and Stefano Puntoni. "Humor as a Window into Generative AI Bias." Art. 1326. Scientific Reports 15 (2025).
  • October 2019
  • Case

Feeling Machines: Emotion AI at Affectiva

By: Shane Greenstein and John Masko
In 2016, Affectiva—a Boston-based emotion AI software company with a long track record of building emotion-sensing software for market research—had attempted to expand into new verticals by releasing a mobile software development kit (SDK) that downloaders could adapt... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Market Research; Business Model; Finance; Revenue; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Market Entry and Exit; Applications and Software; AI and Machine Learning; Information Technology Industry; Auto Industry; United States
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Greenstein, Shane, and John Masko. "Feeling Machines: Emotion AI at Affectiva." Harvard Business School Case 620-058, October 2019.
  • May 2025
  • Case

Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market

By: Suraj Srinivasan, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra and Radhika Kak
In April 2025, the founding team of Windsurf, an AI start-up specializing in code generation gathered in Mountain View, California, to assess its remarkable year of growth. The company had scaled from a niche GitHub Copilot alternative to a breakout player with over... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Venture Capital; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Business Growth and Maturation; Competition; Business Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
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Srinivasan, Suraj, Sudhanshu Nath Mishra, and Radhika Kak. "Windsurf and the AI Code Assistant Market." Harvard Business School Case 125-111, May 2025.
  • January–February 2020
  • Article

Competing in the Age of AI

By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
Today’s markets are being reshaped by a new kind of firm—one in which artificial intelligence (AI) runs the show. This cohort includes giants like Google, Facebook, and Alibaba, and growing businesses such as Wayfair and Ocado. Every time we use their services, the... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Algorithms; Technological Innovation; Business Model; Competition; Competitive Strategy; AI and Machine Learning
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Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Competing in the Age of AI." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 1 (January–February 2020): 60–67.
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

The Wade Test: Generative AI and CEO Communication

By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Bart S. Vanneste and Amirhossein Zohrehvand
Can generative artificial intelligence (Gen-AI) transform the role of the CEO? This study investigates whether Gen-AI can mimic a human CEO and whether employees display aversion to Gen-AI communication. We present a framework of Gen-AI aversion that distinguishes... View Details
Keywords: Business or Company Management; AI and Machine Learning; Perception; Communication
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Bart S. Vanneste, and Amirhossein Zohrehvand. "The Wade Test: Generative AI and CEO Communication." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-008, August 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
  • November 2022 (Revised December 2024)
  • Case

Hugging Face (A): Serving AI on a Platform

By: Shane Greenstein, Daniel Yue, Sarah Gulick and Kerry Herman
It is fall 2022, and open-source AI model company Hugging Face is considering its three areas of priorities: platform development, supporting the open-source community, and pursuing cutting-edge scientific research. As it expands services for enterprise clients, which... View Details
Keywords: Community; Open-source; AI and Machine Learning; Product Development; Networks; Service Delivery; Research; Governance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Information Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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Greenstein, Shane, Daniel Yue, Sarah Gulick, and Kerry Herman. "Hugging Face (A): Serving AI on a Platform." Harvard Business School Case 623-026, November 2022. (Revised December 2024.)
  • 26 Apr 2023
  • In Practice

Is AI Coming for Your Job?

The launch of ChatGPT seems to have reignited doomsday fears about artificial intelligence (AI) replacing workers en masse. Are these fears prescient or overblown? A recent survey shows 62 percent of Americans think AI will majorly impact... View Details
Keywords: by Kristen Senz; Technology
  • 2023
  • Book

Beyond AI: ChatGPT, Web3, and the Business Landscape of Tomorrow

By: Ken Huang, Yang Wang, Feng Zhu, Xi Chen and Chunxiao Xing
This book explores the transformative potential of ChatGPT, Web3, and their impact on productivity and various industries. It delves into Generative AI (GenAI) and its representative platform ChatGPT, their synergy with Web3, and how they can revolutionize business... View Details
Keywords: Generative Ai; AI and Machine Learning; Ethics; Technology Adoption
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Huang, Ken, Yang Wang, Feng Zhu, Xi Chen, and Chunxiao Xing, eds. Beyond AI: ChatGPT, Web3, and the Business Landscape of Tomorrow. Springer, 2023.
  • June 2025
  • Case

AI Wars in 2025

By: Andy Wu and Anna Yang
In June 2025, Google leaders in Mountain View, CA convened after its parent company Alphabet shed a quarter-trillion in market capitalization in a matter of months. The immediate spark—the quiet revelation that Google searches had dipped for the first time in 20... View Details
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Wu, Andy, and Anna Yang. "AI Wars in 2025." Harvard Business School Case 725-484, June 2025.
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