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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(2,520)
- People (3)
- News (473)
- Research (1,759)
- Events (14)
- Multimedia (32)
- Faculty Publications (1,152)
- 2021
- Chapter
International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters
By: Geoffrey Jones and Teresa da Silva Lopes
This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of international business over the long-run as well as the strategies of MNEs. It highlights how strategies became more complex over time with MNEs moving from being coordinators of resources and managers of... View Details
Keywords: Multinational; International Business; Internalization; Globalization; Theory; Multinational Firms and Management; Business History; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America
Jones, Geoffrey, and Teresa da Silva Lopes. "International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters." Chap. 2 in The Oxford Handbook of International Business Strategy, edited by Kamel Mellahi, Klaus E. Meyer, Rajneesh Narula, Irina Surdu, and Alain Verbeke. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2021.
- Research Summary
Estimating Demand Uncertainty Using Judgmental Forecasts
Measuring demand uncertainty is a key activity in supply chain planning, but is difficult when demand history is unavailable such as for new products. One method that can be applied in such cases uses dispersion among forecasting experts as a measure of demand... View Details
- June 2009 (Revised December 2011)
- Case
Colbún—Powering Chile
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Gustavo A. Herrero and Sanjay Patnaik
This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,... View Details
Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business and Government Relations; Climate Change; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Chile
Reinhardt, Forest L., Gustavo A. Herrero, and Sanjay Patnaik. "Colbún—Powering Chile." Harvard Business School Case 709-060, June 2009. (Revised December 2011.)
- June 2011 (Revised February 2024)
- Background Note
Carbon Footprints: Methods and Calculations
By: Michael W. Toffel, Stephanie van Sice and Kelsey Carter
Describes methods to calculate the carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions) of an organization's operations and supply chain, and a product or service. Illustrates concepts with examples of calculating the carbon footprint of organizations and products. Provides... View Details
Keywords: Measurement; Climate Change; Climate Impact; Carbon Accounting; Carbon Footprint; Carbon Emissions; Sustainability; Environmental Management; Operations; Supply Chain; Pollutants; Measurement and Metrics; Environmental Sustainability
Toffel, Michael W., Stephanie van Sice, and Kelsey Carter. "Carbon Footprints: Methods and Calculations." Harvard Business School Background Note 611-075, June 2011. (Revised February 2024.)
- March 2003 (Revised October 2003)
- Case
Campbell Soup Company: Transforming for the 21st Century
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Jamie Ladge
In July 2001, Campbell Soup's newly appointed CEO, Douglas R. Conant, addressed a group of Wall Street analysts and unveiled his plan to kick-start growth. His plan called for organizational renewal and revitalization, redesign of core customer-facing processes... View Details
Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Industry Structures; Production; Supply Chain Management; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
Applegate, Lynda M., and Jamie Ladge. "Campbell Soup Company: Transforming for the 21st Century." Harvard Business School Case 803-119, March 2003. (Revised October 2003.)
- March 1982 (Revised April 1989)
- Background Note
Industrial Buyer Behavior
May be used as background material for courses in industrial marketing and industrial procurement. Surveys the economic, behavioral, and organizational influences that shape buying decision-making in corporations and other institutions. Also describes the kinds of... View Details
Corey, E. Raymond. "Industrial Buyer Behavior." Harvard Business School Background Note 582-117, March 1982. (Revised April 1989.)
- 2019
- Book
Operations in an Omnichannel World
By: Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
The world of retailing has changed dramatically in the past decade. Sales originating at online channels have been steadily increasing, and even for sales transacted at brick-and-mortar channels, a much larger fraction of sales is affected by online channels in... View Details
Keywords: Omnichannel; Omnichannel Retail; Retail; Operations; Management; Supply Chain Management; Business Model; Organizational Change and Adaptation
Gallino, Santiago, and Antonio Moreno, eds. Operations in an Omnichannel World. Vol. 8, Springer Series in Supply Chain Management. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2019.
- October 2022 (Revised August 2024)
- Case
Cigna-Express Scripts: Can a Vertical Merger Rescue an Industry Under Attack?
By: Leemore Dafny
In Fall 2019, Cigna Corporation – a global health services company with a significant presence in the U.S. employer-sponsored health insurance market - was digesting its $54 billion acquisition of Express Scripts, Inc. (ESI), a pharmacy benefit manager (PBM)... View Details
Dafny, Leemore. "Cigna-Express Scripts: Can a Vertical Merger Rescue an Industry Under Attack?" Harvard Business School Case 323-038, October 2022. (Revised August 2024.)
- March 2025 (Revised March 2025)
- Case
Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU
By: Sandra J. Sucher and Bethelehem Y Araya
In 2024, ITOCHU CEO Masahiro Okafuji was at a crossroads. As the thirteenth CEO since ITOCHU’s founding in 1858, he had fueled the company’s growth since 2011 by bringing ITOCHU’s founding philosophy of Sampo-yoshi (good for the seller, good for the buyer and... View Details
Keywords: Sustainability; Trust; Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Japan
Sucher, Sandra J., and Bethelehem Y Araya. "Good for the Seller, Good for the Buyer and Good for Society: Sampo-yoshi, Sustainability and Trust at ITOCHU." Harvard Business School Case 325-053, March 2025. (Revised March 2025.)
- December 2004 (Revised June 2005)
- Case
Chez Cora
By: David E. Bell, Hal Hogan and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Chez Cora is a chain of breakfast restaurants that successfully expanded from Quebec to Ontario. Is it organized appropriately for more growth? Could the concept work in the United States? If so, how should a migration to the United States be structured? Includes color... View Details
Keywords: Food; Global Strategy; Innovation Strategy; Growth Management; Service Operations; Food and Beverage Industry; Service Industry; Canada; United States
Bell, David E., Hal Hogan, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Chez Cora." Harvard Business School Case 505-054, December 2004. (Revised June 2005.)
- Research Summary
Institutional influences on the firm: cross-country comparisons
A third stream of work examines the influence of country institutions on firms in a cross-country comparative context. In a paper co-authored with Jordan Siegel (published in Management Science in 2009), we employed a quasi-natural experiment: a... View Details
- 11 Mar 2001
- Research & Ideas
Merchants to Multinationals: British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
manufacturing and financial activities around the globe prior to WWI. The British trading companies played a significant role in opening new markets and developing new sources of supply in resources in the emerging View Details
Keywords: by Geoffrey Jones
- November 2003 (Revised September 2021)
- Case
Ivar Kreuger and the Swedish Match Empire
By: Geoffrey Jones and Ingrid Vargas
Taught in Evolution of Global Business. Globalization and corporate fraud are the central themes of this case on the international growth of Swedish Match in the interwar years. Between 1913 and 1932, Ivar Kreuger, known as the "Swedish Match King," built a small,... View Details
Keywords: History; International Finance; Globalized Firms and Management; Crime and Corruption; Ethics; Monopoly; Business and Government Relations; Sweden
Jones, Geoffrey, and Ingrid Vargas. "Ivar Kreuger and the Swedish Match Empire." Harvard Business School Case 804-078, November 2003. (Revised September 2021.)
- May 2018
- Article
U.S. Treasury Premium
By: Wenxin Du, Joanne Im and Jesse Schreger
We quantify the difference in the convenience yield of U.S. Treasuries and government bonds of other developed countries by measuring the deviation from covered interest parity between government bond yields. We call this wedge the “U.S. Treasury Premium.” We document... View Details
Du, Wenxin, Joanne Im, and Jesse Schreger. "U.S. Treasury Premium." Journal of International Economics 112 (May 2018): 167–181.
- February 28, 2014
- Article
A Better Route to Tech Standards
By: Josh Lerner and Jean Tirole
Technological standards are ubiquitous, whether they allow consumers to communicate seamlessly across wireless networks or manufacturers to procure goods across complex global supply chains. These standards—shaped by standard-setting organizations (SSOs) and... View Details
Lerner, Josh, and Jean Tirole. "A Better Route to Tech Standards." Science 343, no. 6174 (February 28, 2014): 972–973.
- 2020
- Discussion Paper
Acting Now While Preparing for Tomorrow: Competitiveness Upgrading Under the Shadow of COVID-19
By: Christian H.M. Ketels and Peter Clinch
This paper aims to provide policy makers, especially those focused on the longer-term growth potential
of their countries, with an initial framework to think about their action priorities in the context of the
overall COVID-19 response. Our focus is on the... View Details
Keywords: Competitiveness; COVID-19 Pandemic; Competition; Government Administration; Health Pandemics; Economy; Supply Chain; Safety
Ketels, Christian H.M., and Peter Clinch. "Acting Now While Preparing for Tomorrow: Competitiveness Upgrading Under the Shadow of COVID-19." Discussion Paper, Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, Boston, MA, US, 2020.
- February 2025 (Revised April 2025)
- Case
Shake Shack's Playbook for the Digital Era
By: Christopher Stanton, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
This case examines Shake Shack’s journey from a single New York City hot dog cart to a global fast-casual restaurant chain renowned for both premium quality and a culture of “enlightened hospitality.” As the company expands worldwide, it pilots digital ordering... View Details
- 04 Aug 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
The Effect of Market Leadership in Business Process Innovation: The Case(s) of E-Business Adoption
- 2009
- Book
Supercorp: How Vanguard Companies Create Opportunity, Profits, Growth, and Social Good
Supercorp is based on a 3-year study involving more than 350 interviews in 20 countries to identify the leadership practices and operating methods of major companies seeking profitable growth through innovation that benefits society. For example, when the tsunami and... View Details
Kanter, Rosabeth M. Supercorp: How Vanguard Companies Create Opportunity, Profits, Growth, and Social Good. New York: Crown Business, 2009.
- 2025
- Book
Negotiation: The Game Has Changed
By: Max Bazerman
The world has changed dramatically in just the past few years—and so has the game of negotiation. COVID-19, Zoom, political polarization, the online economy, increasing economic globalization, and greater workplace diversity—all have transformed the who, what, where,... View Details
Bazerman, Max. Negotiation: The Game Has Changed. Princeton University Press, 2025.