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      Economic And Social DisparitiesRemove Economic And Social Disparities →

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      • April 1995 (Revised October 1995)
      • Case

      Unemployment in France: "Priority Number One"

      By: David A. Moss
      Explores the problem of French unemployment on the eve of the presidential elections of 1995. Traces the development of social and economic policies under President Mitterrand and surveys leading explanations for the nation's mounting unemployment crisis. One major... View Details
      Keywords: Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Employment; Economics; Government and Politics; Political Elections; Social Issues; Wages; France
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      Moss, David A. Unemployment in France: "Priority Number One". Harvard Business School Case 795-064, April 1995. (Revised October 1995.)
      • February 1995 (Revised February 1998)
      • Case

      India in the 1990s

      By: George C. Lodge and Ahu Bhasin
      Describes the efforts of Indian Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao to deregulate and open up the Indian economy in the early 1990s. Focuses on the difficulties he encountered, reflected in the poor showing of the ruling Congress Party in state elections in December... View Details
      Keywords: Development Economics; Emerging Markets; Social Issues; Economic Growth; Government and Politics; India
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      Lodge, George C., and Ahu Bhasin. "India in the 1990s." Harvard Business School Case 795-119, February 1995. (Revised February 1998.)
      • June 1994 (Revised August 1994)
      • Case

      Cunard Line Ltd.: Managing Integrated Marketing Communications

      By: Stephen A. Greyser
      Cunard, the world's oldest luxury line company, is confronted with several key issues involving its marketing and marketing communications strategy. One concerns the balance between image/positioning advertising and short-term-oriented promotional... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising Campaigns; Marketing Communications; Marketing Strategy; Product Positioning; Consumer Behavior; Organizational Structure; Identity; Balance and Stability; Shipping Industry
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      Greyser, Stephen A. "Cunard Line Ltd.: Managing Integrated Marketing Communications." Harvard Business School Case 594-046, June 1994. (Revised August 1994.)
      • March 1994 (Revised October 1994)
      • Case

      Reading Energy

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt
      Reading Energy builds facilities that produce energy from nontraditional fuels. A privately held, entrepreneurial organization, it has spent six years developing a plan to build a waste-to-energy plant in the town of Robbins, Illinois. The plant would burn municipal... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Generation; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business and Community Relations; Business Plan; Agreements and Arrangements; Contracts; Risk and Uncertainty; Government and Politics; Environmental Sustainability; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Illinois
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      Reinhardt, Forest L. "Reading Energy." Harvard Business School Case 794-102, March 1994. (Revised October 1994.)
      • spring 1994
      • Article

      Unilateral Commitments and the Importance of Process in Alliances

      By: Ranjay Gulati, Tarun Khanna and Nitin Nohria
      How the partners in an alliance view their joint venture can have much to do with its success or failure. Each partner fears that the other will get the larger payoff by acting opportunistically while it cooperates in good faith. The result is that both partners choose... View Details
      Keywords: Management Style; Partners and Partnerships; Joint Ventures; Management Practices and Processes; Alliances; Trust; Game Theory
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      Gulati, Ranjay, Tarun Khanna, and Nitin Nohria. "Unilateral Commitments and the Importance of Process in Alliances." MIT Sloan Management Review 35, no. 3 (spring 1994): 61–69.
      • September 1993 (Revised October 1994)
      • Case

      Environment and International Trade

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt
      During the 1990s, environmental activists became interested in trade issues for the first time. Whereas GATT, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, had previously been the province of trade specialists, a new poster popular among environmentalists depicted the... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Environmental Sustainability; Science-Based Business; Policy; Government and Politics; Agreements and Arrangements; Alliances; Globalization; International Relations; Conflict of Interests
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      Reinhardt, Forest L. "Environment and International Trade." Harvard Business School Case 794-018, September 1993. (Revised October 1994.)
      • June 1993 (Revised November 2007)
      • Case

      Duckworth Industries, Inc.--Incentive Compensation Programs

      By: William E. Fruhan Jr.
      A private company is considering an introduction of a long-run incentive compensation system in which payoffs to managers are determined by the economic value added for shareholders by their individual business units. The proposed new system is compared to a number of... View Details
      Keywords: Executive Compensation; Management Teams; Business and Shareholder Relations; Motivation and Incentives; Value Creation
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      Fruhan, William E., Jr. "Duckworth Industries, Inc.--Incentive Compensation Programs." Harvard Business School Case 293-091, June 1993. (Revised November 2007.)
      • April 1993 (Revised May 2009)
      • Case

      Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India: In Service for Sight, The

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan
      Starting as a modest 20-bed hospital, Aravind had grown into a 1,400-bed hospital complex by 1992. It had by then screened 3.65 million patients and performed 335,000 cataract surgeries, nearly 70% of them free of cost for the poorest of India's blind population.... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Social Marketing; Service Delivery; Service Operations; Welfare; Expansion; Health Industry; India
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India: In Service for Sight, The." Harvard Business School Case 593-098, April 1993. (Revised May 2009.)
      • February 1993 (Revised March 2003)
      • Case

      India (A)

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor, Waleed J. Iskandar and Max L. Weston
      Outlines India's import substitution strategy and its planned development process. The effects of the difficult political and social context on economic development are analyzed. The failure of the system to achieve sustainable growth and improvement leads to attempts... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Ethnicity; Development Economics; Trade; Economic Growth; Policy; Government and Politics; India
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., Waleed J. Iskandar, and Max L. Weston. "India (A)." Harvard Business School Case 793-112, February 1993. (Revised March 2003.)
      • May 1992 (Revised June 1993)
      • Case

      Jan Carlzon: CEO at SAS (A)

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett
      Describes Jan Carlzon's actions on assuming the CEO's responsibility at SAS in a time of financial and organizational difficulty. After tracing Carlzon's development as a manager, it focuses on the way in which he developed, then communicated a clear and motivating... View Details
      Keywords: Communication; Financial Crisis; Employee Relationship Management; Knowledge; Leadership Development; Crisis Management; Motivation and Incentives; Business Strategy; Aerospace Industry
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      Bartlett, Christopher A. "Jan Carlzon: CEO at SAS (A)." Harvard Business School Case 392-149, May 1992. (Revised June 1993.)
      • March 1991 (Revised May 1991)
      • Case

      TBIRD: The Thai Business Initiative in Rural Development

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan
      During the period of 1987 to 1990, while Thailand had one of the fastest growing economies in the world (average growth rate of 12%), the income disparity between its rural and urban population (especially Bangkok City) was growing increasingly worse. Mechai... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Growth; Management Skills; Programs; Wealth and Poverty; Thailand
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi. "TBIRD: The Thai Business Initiative in Rural Development." Harvard Business School Case 591-099, March 1991. (Revised May 1991.)
      • February 1991 (Revised March 1993)
      • Supplement

      USSR--1990, Supplement

      By: Willis M. Emmons III
      Provides an update of key social, political, and economic outcomes in the Soviet Union over the period April 1990 to February 1991. View Details
      Keywords: Social Issues; Outcome or Result; Government and Politics; Economy; Transition; Soviet Union
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      Emmons, Willis M., III. "USSR--1990, Supplement." Harvard Business School Supplement 391-161, February 1991. (Revised March 1993.)
      • 1990
      • Chapter

      Institutional Incentives for Protection: The American Use of Voluntary Export Restraints

      By: J. J. Coleman and D. B. Yoffie
      Keywords: Trade; Motivation and Incentives; United States
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      Coleman, J. J., and D. B. Yoffie. "Institutional Incentives for Protection: The American Use of Voluntary Export Restraints." In International Trade: The Changing Role of the United States, edited by F. J. Macchiarola, 137–150. New York: American Academy of Political Science, 1990.
      • April 1990 (Revised November 1992)
      • Case

      Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)

      By: James E. Austin
      Population Services International (PSI) was a not-for-profit agency founded to disseminate family planning information and to market birth control products, primarily in less developed countries seeking to curb their population explosions. In 1976, PSI concluded an... View Details
      Keywords: Conferences; Developing Countries and Economies; Information Publishing; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Social Marketing; Agreements and Arrangements; Product; Nonprofit Organizations; Pharmaceutical Industry; Bangladesh; Washington (state, US)
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      Austin, James E. "Population Services International: The Social Marketing Project in Bangladesh (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 590-061, April 1990. (Revised November 1992.)
      • March 1990 (Revised May 1993)
      • Case

      USSR--1990

      By: Willis M. Emmons III
      Describes the political, economic, and social development of the USSR from 1921-90. Particular emphasis is placed on 1) institutional change, 2) the costs and benefits of central economic planning, and 3) the political economy of perestroika under Mikhail Gorbachev.... View Details
      Keywords: Country; Strategy; Cost vs Benefits; Change; Government and Politics; Russia
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      Emmons, Willis M., III. "USSR--1990." Harvard Business School Case 390-155, March 1990. (Revised May 1993.)
      • Article

      Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition in Defense Procurement: A Survey of the Empirical Literature

      By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
      This article surveys the literature that has attempted to measure competition's effects on defense procurement. The focus is on conceptual underpinnings of models rather than technical aspects of estimation procedures. While providing valuable insight, the models are... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Effectiveness; Competition; Surveys; Value; Economics; Forecasting and Prediction; Programs; Power and Influence; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
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      Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition in Defense Procurement: A Survey of the Empirical Literature." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 60–79. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • Article

      Fly-by-Night Firms and the Market for Product Reviews

      By: Gerald R. Faulhaber and Dennis A. Yao
      This paper presents a model that permits third-party information provision in a market characterized by information asymmetries and reputation formation. The model is used to examine how the market for information provision affects prices and supply in the primary... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Reputation; SWOT Analysis; Mathematical Methods; Price Bubble; Inflation and Deflation; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Cost; Information; Quality; Price; Competitive Advantage; Information Industry
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      Faulhaber, Gerald R., and Dennis A. Yao. "Fly-by-Night Firms and the Market for Product Reviews." Journal of Industrial Economics 38, no. 1 (September 1989): 65–77. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • August 1988 (Revised August 1989)
      • Case

      Poletown Dilemma, The

      By: Thomas R. Piper
      Senior management of General Motors must select a site for a new assembly plant to replace two plants located in Detroit. The economics strongly favor a site in an adjacent state. However, a relocation would have substantial, negative impact on the existing work force,... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business Offices; Management Teams; Restructuring; Economics; Auto Industry; Michigan
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      Piper, Thomas R. "Poletown Dilemma, The." Harvard Business School Case 389-017, August 1988. (Revised August 1989.)
      • May 1988 (Revised November 1990)
      • Supplement

      Airbus vs. Boeing (C): Steps Toward Dispute Resolution

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      Presents partial resolution of problem. Cites points still to be resolved in trade dispute between U.S. aircraft manufacturers and Airbus Industrie. To be used as a handout after discussion of the case. View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Problems and Challenges; Conflict and Resolution; Aerospace Industry; United States
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "Airbus vs. Boeing (C): Steps Toward Dispute Resolution." Harvard Business School Supplement 388-146, May 1988. (Revised November 1990.)
      • 1986
      • Chapter

      Promise Them Anything: The Incentive Structures of Local Public Pension Plans

      By: Dutch Leonard
      Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Public Sector; Government and Politics; Local Range; Motivation and Incentives
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      Leonard, Dutch. "Promise Them Anything: The Incentive Structures of Local Public Pension Plans." In Public Sector Payrolls, edited by David A. Wise. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
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