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      • April 2009 (Revised June 2010)
      • Case

      U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)

      By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
      In March 2009, the U.S. economy was in a severe recession not seen since the Great Depression after the subprime mortgage crisis had spiraled out of control. The situation had dramatically changed in one year since the Federal Reserve Board had helped to bailout... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Central Banking; Mortgages; Globalized Economies and Regions; Policy; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "U.S. Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Policy Reactions (B)." Harvard Business School Case 709-045, April 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry

      By: Jonathan R. Clark and Robert S. Huckman
      The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Medical Specialties; Performance Capacity; Diversification; Health Industry
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      Clark, Jonathan R., and Robert S. Huckman. "Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-120, April 2009. (Revised April 2011.)
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      Plant-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences

      By: Laura Alfaro, Andrew Charlton and Fabio Kanczuk
      We investigate, using plant-level data for 79 developed and developing countries, whether differences in the allocation of resources across heterogeneous plants are a significant determinant of cross-country differences in income per worker. For this purpose, we use a... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Developing Countries and Economies; Wages; Resource Allocation; Mathematical Methods
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      Alfaro, Laura, Andrew Charlton, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Plant-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences." In NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 2008, edited by Jeffrey A. Frankel and Christopher Pissarides. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies

      By: Pol Antras and C. Fritz Foley
      This paper analyzes the effects of the formation of a regional trade agreement on the level and nature of multinational firm activity. We examine aggregate data that captures the response of U.S. multinational firms to the formation of the ASEAN free trade agreement.... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Globalized Economies and Regions; Multinational Firms and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Agreements and Arrangements; Southeast Asia; United States
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      Antras, Pol, and C. Fritz Foley. "Regional Trade Integration and Multinational Firm Strategies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 14891, April 2009.
      • April 2009
      • Article

      Sovereign Wealth in Abu Dhabi

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      By the turn of the century, oil had already made the tiny emirate of Abu Dhabi rich beyond anyone's wildest dreams. A sovereign wealth fund, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), has invested extra oil revenues abroad for more than thirty years and amassed a... View Details
      Keywords: Development Economics; Financial Management; Investment Funds; Sovereign Finance; Wealth; Diversification; Abu Dhabi
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Sovereign Wealth in Abu Dhabi." Geopolitics 14, no. 2 (April 2009): 317–327.
      • March 2009 (Revised July 2010)
      • Case

      IBM: The Corporate Service Corps

      By: Christopher Marquis and Rosabeth M. Kanter
      Describes the conception, development, and implementation of the Corporate Services Corps (CSC), an international community service assignment for high-potential IBM employees. The year 2008 was the pilot year of the CSC program, and 100 of IBM's best global employees... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Global Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Partners and Partnerships; Non-Governmental Organizations
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      Marquis, Christopher, and Rosabeth M. Kanter. "IBM: The Corporate Service Corps." Harvard Business School Case 409-106, March 2009. (Revised July 2010.)
      • March 2009 (Revised March 2011)
      • Background Note

      The Rejuvenated International Monetary Fund

      By: Rawi E. Abdelal and Jonathan Schlefer
      The International Monetary Fund was dismissed as almost irrelevant to the global economy, but during the 2008 financial crisis, it returned to center stage, providing financial rescues for developing countries. View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Crisis; Financial Management; International Finance; Globalized Economies and Regions; International Relations
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      Abdelal, Rawi E., and Jonathan Schlefer. "The Rejuvenated International Monetary Fund". Harvard Business School Background Note 709-050, March 2009. (Revised March 2011.)
      • March 2009 (Revised January 2025)
      • Background Note

      A Strait of Uncertainty: Taiwan's Development in the Shadow of China

      By: William C. Kirby, J. Megan Greene, Tracy Yuen Manty, Daniel Fu, Yuanzhuo Wang, Noah B. Truwit and Aqib Zakaria
      Relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC), on the Chinese Mainland, and the Republic of China (ROC), on Taiwan, had improved significantly since 2008. Taiwan investment in China had played a major role in China’s economic boom in recent decades. ... View Details
      Keywords: History; Development Economics; Investment; Economic Growth; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Financial Crisis; China; Taiwan
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      Kirby, William C., J. Megan Greene, Tracy Yuen Manty, Daniel Fu, Yuanzhuo Wang, Noah B. Truwit, and Aqib Zakaria. "A Strait of Uncertainty: Taiwan's Development in the Shadow of China." Harvard Business School Background Note 909-408, March 2009. (Revised January 2025.)
      • February 2009 (Revised August 2010)
      • Case

      Dubai: Global Economy

      By: Richard H. K. Vietor and Nicole Michele Forrest
      This case, along with Saudi Arabia: “Modern Reform, Enduring Stability” (709-042), provides an opportunity to discuss Saudi Arabia's efforts to modernize, without really Westernizing, in sharp contrast to Dubai, a nearby Arab Emirate. As Saudi Arabia's development... View Details
      Keywords: Development Economics; Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Government and Politics; Growth and Development Strategy; Saudi Arabia; Dubai; Middle East
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      Vietor, Richard H. K., and Nicole Michele Forrest. "Dubai: Global Economy." Harvard Business School Case 709-043, February 2009. (Revised August 2010.)
      • February 2009 (Revised March 2009)
      • Case

      Publicis Groupe 2009: Toward a Digital Transformation

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Matthew Bird
      After a series of acquisitions, Maurice Levy, the Chairman and CEO of Publicis Groupe, had created the fourth largest marketing and communications company in the world. His next major challenge was managing the firm's digital transformation. In December 2006, the... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Transformation; Financial Crisis; Globalized Firms and Management; Leading Change; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Information Technology; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Matthew Bird. "Publicis Groupe 2009: Toward a Digital Transformation." Harvard Business School Case 309-085, February 2009. (Revised March 2009.)
      • February 5, 2009
      • Comment

      In Praise of Marketing

      By: John A. Quelch
      Many dismiss marketing as manipulative, deceptive, and intrusive. Marketing, they argue, focuses too much of our attention on material consumption. More recently, Benjamin Barber, in his 2007 book Consumed, claims that marketing is "sucking up the air from every other... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Consumer Loyalty; Local Vs. Global Branding; Multi-national Brands; Misleading and Fraudulent Advertising; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Satisfaction; Globalized Economies and Regions; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Brands and Branding; Marketing Communications; Marketing Strategy; Product Positioning
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      Quelch, John A. "In Praise of Marketing." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (February 5, 2009).
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      This Handbook gives an overview of the range and scope of International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship by mapping the different regional schools of IPE and noting the distinctive way IPE is practiced and conceptualized around the world. The Handbook examines, in a... View Details
      Keywords: Development Economics; Trade; Higher Education; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government and Politics
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy." In Handbook of International Political Economy, edited by Mark Blyth, 57–71. London: Routledge, 2009.
      • 2009
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Danatbank

      By: David Moss, Cole Bolton and Andrew Novo
      In the summer of 1931, Germany was struggling with a deepening economic crisis. Production had fallen, unemployment was high, and bank deposits and gold were being withdrawn from the country at a rapid pace, threatening the value of the German mark. The country's third... View Details
      Keywords: Financial History; Economy; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry; Germany
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      Moss, David, Cole Bolton, and Andrew Novo. "Danatbank." 2009. (Draft case.)
      • January 2009
      • Case

      The Federal Reserve and the Banking Crisis of 1931

      By: David A. Moss and Cole Bolton
      In early October 1931, in the midst of a global economic depression, the U.S. banking system was in crisis—with bank suspensions running at near record levels. At the same time, the broader economy was sputtering, and U.S. gold reserves had come under severe pressure... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Central Banking; Business History; Crisis Management; Banking Industry; United States
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      Moss, David A., and Cole Bolton. "The Federal Reserve and the Banking Crisis of 1931." Harvard Business School Case 709-040, January 2009.
      • January 2009 (Revised October 2011)
      • Case

      Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (A)

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Eric D. Werker
      As his inauguration approached, President-elect Obama faced a financial sector meltdown, a costly bailout, and massive government deficits. With the economy in recession, interest rates near zero, and joblessness on the rise, Obama needed to decide whether, and how... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Policy; Government Administration; Taxation; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Eric D. Werker. "Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (A)." Harvard Business School Case 709-037, January 2009. (Revised October 2011.)
      • January 2009
      • Teaching Note

      Bunge: Food, Fuel, and World Markets (TN)

      By: Tarun Khanna, Santiago Mingo and Jonathan West
      Teaching Note for [708443]. View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Sales; Integration; Globalized Markets and Industries; Developing Countries and Economies; Competition; Business Model; Trade; Performance Efficiency; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; New York (state, US); Brazil; India; China
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      Khanna, Tarun, Santiago Mingo, and Jonathan West. "Bunge: Food, Fuel, and World Markets (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 709-460, January 2009.
      • January 2009
      • Teaching Note

      The Octopus and the Generals: The United Fruit Company in Guatemala (TN)

      By: Geoffrey G. Jones and Marcelo Bucheli
      Teaching Note for [805146]. View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Vertical Integration; Economy; War; Poverty; Government and Politics; Food and Beverage Industry; Guatemala; North and Central America
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      Jones, Geoffrey G., and Marcelo Bucheli. "The Octopus and the Generals: The United Fruit Company in Guatemala (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 809-084, January 2009.
      • Article

      Debt Maturity: Is Long-Term Debt Optimal?

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      We model and calibrate the arguments in favor and against short-term and long-term debt. These arguments broadly include: maturity premium, sustainability, and service smoothing. We use a dynamic equilibrium model with tax distortions and government... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Investment Return; Development Economics; Taxation; Risk and Uncertainty; Cost; Interest Rates; Developing Countries and Economies; Welfare; United States; Brazil
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Debt Maturity: Is Long-Term Debt Optimal?" Review of International Economics 17, no. 5 (November 2009): 890–905. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 06-005 and NBER Working Paper No. 13119.)
      • 2009
      • Article

      India Transformed: Insights from the Firm Level 1988–2007

      By: Laura Alfaro and Anusha Chari
      Using firm-level data, this paper analyzes the transformation of India's economic structure following the implementation of economic reforms. The focus of the study is on publicly listed and unlisted firms from across a wide spectrum of manufacturing and services... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Statements; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Transformation; Economics; Ownership; Assets; Sales; Profit; Stock Shares; Private Sector; Investment Return; Manufacturing Industry; Service Industry; India
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Anusha Chari. "India Transformed: Insights from the Firm Level 1988–2007." India Policy Forum 6 (2009). (Also NBER Working Paper w15448. Featured in The Economist. Economics focus. "Dancing elephants. Is Indian capitalism becoming oligarchic?" Jan 27th 2011.)
      • Article

      Putting Patients First: Social Marketing Strategies for Treating HIV in Developing Nations

      By: Zoe Chance and Rohit Deshpandé
      It is more than mere coincidence that the highest rates of HIV occur in the world's poorest countries. Of the over 40 million people currently living with HIV, 95 percent are in the developing world. The first part of this paper explores the economics of HIV and... View Details
      Keywords: Health Disorders; Developing Countries and Economies; Poverty; Health Care and Treatment; Social Marketing; Perspective; Customer Focus and Relationships; Profit; Africa; Asia; South America
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      Chance, Zoe, and Rohit Deshpandé. "Putting Patients First: Social Marketing Strategies for Treating HIV in Developing Nations." Special Issue on Metric and Interpretive Explorations of Macromarketing. Journal of Macromarketing 29, no. 3 (September 2009).
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