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      • April 1999
      • Article

      Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980

      By: G. Jones and Judith Wale
      This article examines the diversification strategies and organisational competencies of Harrisons & Crosfield, a British-based multinational, between 1900 and 1980. There is an accumulating body of case study evidence on the historical evolution of British... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Diversification; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Competency and Skills; Great Britain
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      Jones, G., and Judith Wale. "Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980." Business History 41, no. 2 (April 1999): 69–101.
      • March 1999 (Revised January 2000)
      • Background Note

      A Note on Microeconomics for Strategists

      By: Kenneth S. Corts and Jan W. Rivkin
      Summarizes the core ideas about the microeconomics of markets that are most relevant to business strategy. Sections I and II develop two basic building blocks of any market, demand and supply. Section II discusses how demand and supply interact to determine the... View Details
      Keywords: Microeconomics; Cost; Cost of Capital; Market Entry and Exit; Business Strategy; Competition; Corporate Strategy
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      Corts, Kenneth S., and Jan W. Rivkin. "A Note on Microeconomics for Strategists." Harvard Business School Background Note 799-128, March 1999. (Revised January 2000.)
      • March 1999 (Revised April 1999)
      • Case

      Environmental Risk Management at Chevron Corporation

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Monica M Mandelli and Jennifer Burns
      Chevron Corp., headquartered in San Francisco, manages a worldwide, vertically integrated value chain from the oil well to the gasoline station. Mishandling of oil at any stage of production can damage the natural environment, human health, corporate profitability, or... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Environmental Sustainability; Energy Generation; Supply Chain Management; Metals and Minerals; Management Systems; Management Teams; Trade; Vertical Integration; Energy Industry; Mining Industry
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Monica M Mandelli, and Jennifer Burns. "Environmental Risk Management at Chevron Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 799-062, March 1999. (Revised April 1999.)
      • January 1999
      • Case

      State Street Corporation: Leading with Information Technology (B)

      By: Stephen P. Bradley and Kelley Porter
      With Multi-currency HORIZON, a real-time multi-currency accounting system that replaced the traditional batch-oriented single-currency accounting system, successfully launched, State Street Corp. (State Street) began to focus on growing the scope of its business... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Trends; Global Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Information Technology; Value Creation; Financial Services Industry
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      Bradley, Stephen P., and Kelley Porter. "State Street Corporation: Leading with Information Technology (B)." Harvard Business School Case 799-034, January 1999.
      • January 1999 (Revised August 1999)
      • Case

      Asia Property Limited

      By: William J. Poorvu and Daniel J. Rudd
      On October 23, 1998, Bud Lake leafed through his files on property markets in Asia. Lake was responsible for real-estate investments at an aggressive and eclectic investment fund with total assets of $1.5 billion--up from $400 million at its start in 1994. As the fund... View Details
      Keywords: Private Ownership; Entrepreneurship; Investment Funds; Globalized Markets and Industries; Public Ownership; Real Estate Industry; Asia; United States; Europe
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      Poorvu, William J., and Daniel J. Rudd. "Asia Property Limited." Harvard Business School Case 899-145, January 1999. (Revised August 1999.)
      • January 1999 (Revised March 1999)
      • Background Note

      Note on Rules

      By: Debora L. Spar
      A central document for the Managing International Trade and Investment (MITI) course and its cases. Provides a conceptual framework for the course and a systematic way of analyzing the political circumstances that confront firms engaged in international trade and... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Government and Politics
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      Spar, Debora L. "Note on Rules." Harvard Business School Background Note 799-013, January 1999. (Revised March 1999.)
      • Article

      Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance

      By: Tom Nicholas
      This paper refutes the hypothesis put forward by W.D. Rubinstein that a disproportionately large share of Britain's wealth makers were active in commercial and financial trades in London. We use a data set of businessmen active in nineteenth- and early... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Finance; Commercialization; Mathematical Methods; Wealth and Poverty; Great Britain; London
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      Nicholas, Tom. "Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance." Business History 41, no. 1 (January 1999).
      • November 1998 (Revised November 1999)
      • Case

      British Sugar in China

      By: Ray A. Goldberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Srinivas Sunder
      British Sugar, the first major diversification of Associated British Foods, is entering China as part of the global sweetener, starch, and ingredient strategy. View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Food; Globalization; Marketing Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Diversification; Consumer Products Industry; China; United Kingdom
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      Goldberg, Ray A., Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Srinivas Sunder. "British Sugar in China." Harvard Business School Case 599-059, November 1998. (Revised November 1999.)
      • 1998
      • Book

      The Multinational Traders

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This book examines the history and theory of multinational trading companies. The essays in this volume demonstrate the importance of trading companies in trade and investment flows in the world economy from the nineteenth century to the present day. The empirical... View Details
      Keywords: Company History; Trade; Globalization; Books; Organizational Structure; Perspective; Diversification; Theory; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Jones, Geoffrey, ed. The Multinational Traders. Routledge International Studies in Business History. London: Routledge, 1998.
      • Article

      Merchants as Business Groups: British Trading Companies in Asia before 1945

      By: G. Jones and Judith Wale
      Merchants formed an important component of British foregn direct investment before 1945. Locating in parts of Asia, Latin America and other developing economies, they often diversified into non-trading activities, inclding the ownership of plantations. This article... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Developing Countries and Economies; Diversification; Competency and Skills; Entrepreneurship; Foreign Direct Investment; Asia; Latin America; Europe; Africa; North and Central America
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      Jones, G., and Judith Wale. "Merchants as Business Groups: British Trading Companies in Asia before 1945." Business History Review 72, no. 3 (Fall 1998): 367–408.
      • September 1998 (Revised July 1999)
      • Case

      Integral Capital Partners

      By: Andre F. Perold and Markus Mullarkey
      Integral Capital Partners is a small firm with a very distinctive approach to investing in high-technology stocks. The firm invests privately in small start-ups as well as in publicly traded companies, and it develops important financial and advisory relationships with... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Value Creation; Venture Capital; Asset Management; Partners and Partnerships; Public Sector; Private Sector; Business Startups; Corporate Finance; Financial Services Industry
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      Perold, Andre F., and Markus Mullarkey. "Integral Capital Partners." Harvard Business School Case 299-019, September 1998. (Revised July 1999.)
      • September 1998 (Revised May 2004)
      • Case

      Becton Dickinson: Ethics and Business Practices (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      Becton Dickinson's Global One-Company Operations Group must decide on the company's global policy on gifts, gratuities, and business entertainment. A central issue is whether the policy should be established centrally and made uniform worldwide or whether it should be... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Ethics; Law; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Global Strategy; Trade; Business or Company Management
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Becton Dickinson: Ethics and Business Practices (A)." Harvard Business School Case 399-055, September 1998. (Revised May 2004.)
      • September 1998
      • Case

      Cooperating to Compete: EGS of Turkey

      By: Pankaj Ghemawat and C. Fritz Foley
      In the early 1980s, Turkey adopted policies that liberalized trade as a part of a structural adjustment program. Within the garment industry, small- and medium-scale enterprises were not well positioned to take advantage of the new opportunities to compete in... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Corporate Governance; Policy; Partners and Partnerships; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Turkey
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      Ghemawat, Pankaj, and C. Fritz Foley. "Cooperating to Compete: EGS of Turkey." Harvard Business School Case 799-024, September 1998.
      • July 1998 (Revised February 2000)
      • Case

      TPN Register: The Trading Process Network

      By: Lynda M. Applegate
      Keywords: Market Transactions; Information Technology
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      Applegate, Lynda M. "TPN Register: The Trading Process Network." Harvard Business School Case 399-015, July 1998. (Revised February 2000.)
      • July 1998
      • Article

      Price Promotions and Trade Deals with Multiproduct Retailers

      By: R. Lal and Miguel Villas-Boas
      Keywords: Price; Trade; Product; Sales
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      Lal, R., and Miguel Villas-Boas. "Price Promotions and Trade Deals with Multiproduct Retailers." Management Science 44, no. 7 (July 1998).
      • February 1998
      • Case

      Creating the International Trade Organization

      By: David A. Moss, George R. Appling and Andrew D Archer
      In the late 1940s, officials at the U.S. State Department began campaigning for the creation of an International Trade Organization (ITO). This new organization would oversee global negotiations on trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, cartels, and commodity... View Details
      Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Agreements and Arrangements; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Systems; International Relations
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      Moss, David A., George R. Appling, and Andrew D Archer. "Creating the International Trade Organization." Harvard Business School Case 798-057, February 1998.
      • February 1998
      • Teaching Note

      Mid Ocean Limited: Trading Catastrophe Index Options, Teaching Note

      By: Kenneth A. Froot and Markus Mullarkey
      Teaching Note for (9-298-073). View Details
      Keywords: Insurance Industry; Bermuda
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      Froot, Kenneth A., and Markus Mullarkey. "Mid Ocean Limited: Trading Catastrophe Index Options, Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 298-108, February 1998.
      • 1998
      • Case

      The CendralExpo Export Processing Zone Project (A) and (B)

      By: Dutch Leonard
      Keywords: Trade; Strategy
      Citation
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      Leonard, Dutch. "The CendralExpo Export Processing Zone Project (A) and (B)." 1998. (organizational strategy and advocacy.)
      • December 1997 (Revised March 1998)
      • Case

      Mid Ocean Limited: Trading Catastrophe Index Options

      By: Kenneth A. Froot and Markus Mullarkey
      An insurance industry executive must evaluate the potential of a set of newly-offered catastrophe insurance derivatives. The background addresses the roles of traditional reinsurance and securitization efforts in providing risk transfer and risk financing in the "cat"... View Details
      Keywords: Commodity Market; Derivatives; Insurance; Capital Markets; Natural Disasters; Risk Management; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Performance Evaluation; Insurance Industry; Bermuda
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      Froot, Kenneth A., and Markus Mullarkey. "Mid Ocean Limited: Trading Catastrophe Index Options." Harvard Business School Case 298-073, December 1997. (Revised March 1998.)
      • 1997
      • Chapter

      Marketing a Region for Trade and Investment

      By: L. T. Wells Jr.
      Keywords: Globalized Economies and Regions; Marketing; Trade; Investment
      Citation
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      Wells, L. T., Jr. "Marketing a Region for Trade and Investment." In Africa and the American Private Sector: Corporate Perspectives on a Growing Relationship, pp. 77–88. Washington, D.C.: Corporate Council on Africa, 1997.
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