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- All HBS Web
(1,738)
- People (8)
- News (398)
- Research (985)
- Events (5)
- Multimedia (21)
- Faculty Publications (491)
- 2012
- Working Paper
Mexico's Financial Crisis of 1994-1995
By: Aldo Musacchio
This paper explains the causes leading to the Mexican crisis of 1994-1995 (known as "The Tequila Crisis"), and its short- and long-term consequences. It argues that excessive enthusiasm on the part of foreign investors, not based on Mexico's fundamentals, and weak... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Foreign Direct Investment; Banks and Banking; Government and Politics; Currency Exchange Rate; Banking Industry; Mexico
Musacchio, Aldo. "Mexico's Financial Crisis of 1994-1995." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-101, May 2012.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Evaluating the Effects of Large-Scale Health Interventions in Developing Countries: The Zambian Malaria Initiative
By: Nava Ashraf, Gunther Fink and David N. Weil
Since 2003, Zambia has been engaged in a large-scale, centrally coordinated national anti-malaria campaign which has become a model in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper aims at quantifying the individual and macro level benefits of this campaign, which involved mass... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Developing Countries and Economies; Health Care and Treatment; Health Disorders; Performance Evaluation; Programs; Health Industry; Zambia
Ashraf, Nava, Gunther Fink, and David N. Weil. "Evaluating the Effects of Large-Scale Health Interventions in Developing Countries: The Zambian Malaria Initiative." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 16069, June 2010.
- 2008 - 2008
- Conference Presentation
Organizational Identity as an Anchor for Adaptation: An Emerging Market Perspective
By: Andres Hatum, Luciana Silvestri and Roberto Vassolo
There is little doubt that organizational identity—that which is central, distinctive, and enduring about an organization—mediates in adaptive processes. Exactly how this mediation takes place, and whether it is favorable or unfavorable to adaptation, must still be... View Details
- 23 Mar 2011
- Research & Ideas
China’s 60-Year Road from Revolution to World Power
from around the world. The resulting book includes several of the papers and lectures that were presented at the conference, providing a wide range of views about China's past, present, and future. In this... View Details
Keywords: by William C. Kirby
- June 2024
- Article
Redistributive Allocation Mechanisms
By: Mohammad Akbarpour, Piotr Dworczak and Scott Duke Kominers
Many scarce public resources are allocated at below-market-clearing prices, and sometimes for free. Such "non-market" mechanisms sacrifice some surplus, yet they can potentially improve equity. We develop a model of mechanism design with redistributive concerns. Agents... View Details
Akbarpour, Mohammad, Piotr Dworczak, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Redistributive Allocation Mechanisms." Journal of Political Economy 132, no. 6 (June 2024): 1831–1875. (Authors' names are in certified random order.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
How Does Wage Inequality Affect the Labor Movement
By: Barbara Biasi, Zoë B. Cullen, Julia H. Gilman and Nina Roussille
This paper provides causal evidence on how wage inequality among workers affects the labor movement using three complementary research designs: a vignette experiment with union organizers, a natural policy experiment that increased wage inequality among Wisconsin... View Details
Biasi, Barbara, Zoë B. Cullen, Julia H. Gilman, and Nina Roussille. "How Does Wage Inequality Affect the Labor Movement." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33978, July 2025.
- 2017
- Chapter
Are Founder CEOs Good Managers?
By: Victor Manuel Bennett, Megan Lawrence and Raffaella Sadun
We investigate the management practices adopted by firms where the founders are also the CEOs using data from the World Management Survey. We find that founder CEO firms have the lowest management scores of any owner-manager pair type and that this difference is... View Details
Bennett, Victor Manuel, Megan Lawrence, and Raffaella Sadun. "Are Founder CEOs Good Managers?" Chap. 4 in Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges. Vol. 75, edited by John Haltiwanger, Erik Hurst, Javier Miranda, and Antoinette Schoar, 153–185. Studies in Income and Wealth (NBER). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
- September 2011
- Article
On Testing Business Models
By: D. Huelsbeck, K. Merchant and Tatiana Sandino
This study explored management decisions regarding formal empirical testing of business models. It documented a test of one company's business model under seemingly favorable conditions for such a test – a successful single product firm following a consistent strategy... View Details
Keywords: Performance Measurement; Non-financial Performance Measures; Business Models; Management Control; Decisions; Business Model; Performance Evaluation
Huelsbeck, D., K. Merchant, and Tatiana Sandino. "On Testing Business Models." Accounting Review 86, no. 5 (September 2011): 1631–1654. (Awarded a Research Grant from the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.)
- September 2019 (Revised July 2021)
- Case
Gap, Inc., 2019
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
In 2000, The Gap, Inc. (Gap) was the world’s largest player in specialty fashion retailing, and companies such as Inditex of Spain, H&M of Sweden, and Fast Retailing of Japan were less than a quarter of Gap’s size. But after two decades of growth, Gap’s progress... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Change; Fashion; Multinational; Brands; Fast Fashion; Competition; Multinational Firms and Management; Performance Improvement; Management Teams; Brands and Branding; Change Management; Strategy; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Sweden; Spain; United States
Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "Gap, Inc., 2019." Harvard Business School Case 720-377, September 2019. (Revised July 2021.)
- April 2005
- Case
FBI: Mission Extended
Following the bombing of the World Trade Center in 1993, there was consensus that the FBI needed to make organizational changes. The FBI had long distinguished itself as the world's pre-eminent organization for conducting after-the-fact investigations that laid the... View Details
Beaulieu, Nancy D., and Aaron Zimmerman. "FBI: Mission Extended." Harvard Business School Case 905-061, April 2005.
- June 2015
- Supplement
Generating Higher Value at IBM (A): EPS Forecasting Model
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
- January 2025
- Technical Note
AI vs Human: Analyzing Acceptable Error Rates Using the Confusion Matrix
By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
This technical note introduces the confusion matrix as a foundational tool in artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) for assessing the performance of classification models, focusing on their reliability for decision-making. A confusion matrix... View Details
Keywords: Reliability; Confusion Matrix; AI and Machine Learning; Decision Making; Measurement and Metrics; Performance
Neeley, Tsedal, and Tim Englehart. "AI vs Human: Analyzing Acceptable Error Rates Using the Confusion Matrix." Harvard Business School Technical Note 425-049, January 2025.
- April 29, 2020
- Article
The Case for AI Insurance
By: Ram Shankar Siva Kumar and Frank Nagle
When organizations place machine learning systems at the center of their businesses, they introduce the risk of failures that could lead to a data breach, brand damage, property damage, business interruption, and in some cases, bodily harm. Even when companies are... View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Internet and the Web; Safety; Insurance; AI and Machine Learning; Cybersecurity
Kumar, Ram Shankar Siva, and Frank Nagle. "The Case for AI Insurance." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 29, 2020).
- September 1987
- Background Note
What Do Venture Capitalists Do?
Presents the results derived from 49 responses to a questionnaire mailed to 100 venture capitalists in late 1984. The purpose of the survey was to shed light on the relationship between venture capitalists and their portfolio companies. The survey revealed that the... View Details
Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Venture Capital; Investment Portfolio; Recruitment; Surveys; Managerial Roles; Service Operations; Relationships; Service Industry
Sahlman, William A. "What Do Venture Capitalists Do?" Harvard Business School Background Note 288-015, September 1987.
- July 2023
- Article
Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users
By: Jonas P. Schöne, David Garcia, Brian Parkinson and Amit Goldenberg
Social media users tend to produce content that contains more positive than negative emotional language. However, negative emotional language is more likely to be shared. To understand why, research has thus far focused on psychological processes associated with... View Details
Schöne, Jonas P., David Garcia, Brian Parkinson, and Amit Goldenberg. "Negative Expressions Are Shared More on Twitter for Public Figures Than for Ordinary Users." PNAS Nexus 2, no. 7 (July 2023).
- 20 Feb 2008
- First Look
First Look: February 20, 2008
2008): 19 Abstract Research over 35 years shows only a weak link between socially responsible corporate behavior and good financial performance. However, there's no evidence of risk in doing good, only in... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
- Article
Tell Me Who You Want Me to Be: The Role of Collective Endorsements in Leader Identity Development
By: Christopher G. Myers
Research examining 'leader' as an individual role identity has gained prominence in recent years, yet our understanding of how individuals develop these leader identities in organizations is still relatively limited. Drawing on a qualitative interview study of leaders... View Details
Keywords: Identity Construction; Talent Management; Selection; Leadership Development; Talent and Talent Management; Organizations; Identity; Singapore
Myers, Christopher G. "Tell Me Who You Want Me to Be: The Role of Collective Endorsements in Leader Identity Development." Art. 11128. Academy of Management Proceedings (2013): 313–318.
- 2007
- Working Paper
Platform Envelopment
By: Thomas Eisenmann, Geoffrey Parker and Marshall Van Alstyne
Due to network effects and switching costs in platform markets, entrants generally must offer revolutionary functionality. We explore a second entry path that does not rely upon Schumpeterian innovation: platform envelopment. Through envelopment, a provider in one... View Details
Eisenmann, Thomas, Geoffrey Parker, and Marshall Van Alstyne. "Platform Envelopment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-104, June 2007. (Revised September 2008, October 2009, July 2010.)
- May 2017
- Article
Agent-based Modeling: A Guide for Social Psychologists
By: Joshua Conrad Jackson, David Rand, Kevin Lewis, Michael I. Norton and Kurt Gray
Agent-based modeling is a longstanding but underused method that allows researchers to simulate artificial worlds for hypothesis testing and theory building. Agent-based models (ABMs) offer unprecedented control and statistical power by allowing researchers to... View Details
Jackson, Joshua Conrad, David Rand, Kevin Lewis, Michael I. Norton, and Kurt Gray. "Agent-based Modeling: A Guide for Social Psychologists." Social Psychological & Personality Science 8, no. 4 (May 2017): 387–395.
- 2017
- Other Teaching and Training Material
Organizational Behavior Reading: Negotiation
By: Max Bazerman, Francesca Gino and Katherine Shonk
Core Curriculum in Organizational Behavior is a series of readings that cover fundamental course material in Organizational Behavior. Readings include videos and interactive illustrations to help students master complex concepts. Managerial, executive, and... View Details
Bazerman, Max, Francesca Gino, and Katherine Shonk. "Organizational Behavior Reading: Negotiation." Core Curriculum Readings Series. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Publishing 8408, 2017. Electronic.