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      • September 1986 (Revised July 2001)
      • Case

      Eastern Electric Apparatus Repair Company (A)

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Harry Gruner
      As principals engaged in structuring leveraged buyouts for a well-capitalized risk arbitrage firm, Bob Meehan and George Schwartz are preparing to bid for the business and assets of a Westinghouse subsidiary. The case focuses on the value of the opportunity, methods of... View Details
      Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Bids and Bidding; Opportunities; Business Subsidiaries; Strategy; Valuation; Equity; Electronics Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Harry Gruner. "Eastern Electric Apparatus Repair Company (A)." Harvard Business School Case 287-023, September 1986. (Revised July 2001.)
      • January 1986 (Revised March 1997)
      • Case

      Horizon Group

      By: William A. Sahlman
      Contains a description of a situation confronting the co-founder of a company planning to produce software for microcomputers. The company has just completed raising money from some wealthy investors by forming an R&D Limited Partnership. Development of the program (an... View Details
      Keywords: Business or Company Management; Venture Capital; Partners and Partnerships; Business Plan; Outcome or Result; Research and Development; Financial Strategy; Corporate Finance; Information Technology Industry
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      Sahlman, William A. "Horizon Group." Harvard Business School Case 286-058, January 1986. (Revised March 1997.)
      • January 1986
      • Article

      Social Influences on Creativity: The Effects of Contracted-For Reward

      By: T. M. Amabile, B. A. Hennessey and B. S. Grossman
      Three studies, with 195 5–11 yr olds and 60 female undergraduates, tested the hypothesis that explicitly contracting to do an activity in order to receive a reward would have negative effects on creativity, but receiving no reward or only a noncontracted-for reward... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Creativity; Motivation and Incentives; Situation or Environment
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      Amabile, T. M., B. A. Hennessey, and B. S. Grossman. "Social Influences on Creativity: The Effects of Contracted-For Reward." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, no. 1 (January 1986): 14–23.
      • September 1985 (Revised January 1986)
      • Case

      Peter Wendell

      By: William A. Sahlman
      Contains a description of a decision confronting an employee of IBM in late 1981. Should he leave IBM to become head of a new venture capital fund which will specialize in technology investments? The case is designed to expose students to the nature of the opportunity... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Jobs and Positions; Opportunities; Valuation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Resignation and Termination; Venture Capital; Financial Services Industry; Computer Industry
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      Sahlman, William A. "Peter Wendell." Harvard Business School Case 286-008, September 1985. (Revised January 1986.)
      • February 1985 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Health Stop (A): What Type of Innovation Is It? And Six Factors Alignment

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger, Joyce Lallman, Nancy Kane, Jefferson C. Grahling and James Wallace
      How can we evaluate if innovative health care ventures can do good—benefit society—and do well—become financially viable? This question is the topic of the first module in the Innovating In Health Care course book. This note and case series enables readers to conduct... View Details
      Keywords: For-Profit Firms; Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Health Care and Treatment; Strategy; Valuation; Health Industry; Retail Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., Joyce Lallman, Nancy Kane, Jefferson C. Grahling, and James Wallace. "Health Stop (A): What Type of Innovation Is It? And Six Factors Alignment." Harvard Business School Case 185-084, February 1985. (Revised January 2024.)
      • February 1985
      • Article

      Motivation and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers

      By: T. M. Amabile
      72 members of the college community who identified themselves as actively involved in creative writing participated in individual laboratory sessions, in which they were asked to write 2 brief poems, to investigate the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation is conducive... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Creativity; Motivation and Incentives; Performance; Personal Characteristics; Situation or Environment
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      Amabile, T. M. "Motivation and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, no. 2 (February 1985): 393–399.
      • January 1985
      • Background Note

      Winter Age of the Japanese Steel Industry

      By: Kim B. Clark
      Describes the situation facing the Japanese steel industry in 1984. Two strategies for coping with the world steel situation are presented: diversification and globalization. The actions of Nippon Steel and Nippon Kokan are used to illustrate these strategies. View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Situation or Environment; Business Strategy; Diversification; Steel Industry; Japan
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      Clark, Kim B. "Winter Age of the Japanese Steel Industry." Harvard Business School Background Note 685-050, January 1985.
      • January 1985 (Revised March 2003)
      • Case

      Conex do Brasil

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett and John Young
      Describes interactions between Brazilian local, Latin American regional, and USA headquarters staff during the three years after establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in Sao Paulo. In a highly protected national environment, a market entry plan is developed to meet... View Details
      Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Resignation and Termination; Goals and Objectives; Market Entry and Exit; Operations; Performance Expectations; Opportunities; Corporate Strategy; Latin America; United States; Brazil
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., and John Young. "Conex do Brasil." Harvard Business School Case 385-257, January 1985. (Revised March 2003.)
      • 1985
      • Chapter

      Fostering Creativity

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Keywords: Creativity; Situation or Environment
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      Amabile, T. M. "Fostering Creativity." In Psychology: Being Human. 4th ed. Edited by Z. Rubin and E. B. McNeil. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.
      • April 1984
      • Background Note

      Export Controls

      By: David B. Yoffie
      Explores the problems and opportunities associated with export controls--one of the most widely used tools of international trade policy in the 1970s and early 1980s; and the role of the United States and Soviet Union as major players in the international economy.... View Details
      Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Problems and Challenges; Opportunities; Soviet Union; United States
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      Yoffie, David B. "Export Controls." Harvard Business School Background Note 384-008, April 1984.
      • March 1983
      • Article

      Brilliant but Cruel: Perceptions of Negative Evaluators

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Using edited excerpts from actual negative and positive book reviews, this research examined the hypothesis that negative evaluators of intellectual products will be perceived as more intelligent than positive evaluators. The results strongly supported the hypothesis.... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Situation or Environment; Performance Evaluation; Perception; Status and Position; Attitudes; Prejudice and Bias; Power and Influence
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      Amabile, T. M. "Brilliant but Cruel: Perceptions of Negative Evaluators." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 (March 1983): 146–156. (Reprinted in: E. Aronson (Ed.) (1984), Readings about the social animal (3rd. ed.). San Francisco: Freeman.)
      • January 1983 (Revised February 1988)
      • Case

      Hospital Corp. of America (A)

      By: W. Carl Kester
      HCAs ratio of debt to total capital is approaching 70%, jeopardizing its single-A bond rating. Students must determine an appropriate target debt ratio for HCA in light of its growth objectives, its acquisition strategy and its changing regulatory environment. View Details
      Keywords: Situation or Environment; Capital Structure; Health Care and Treatment; Borrowing and Debt; Health Industry; Tennessee
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      Kester, W. Carl. "Hospital Corp. of America (A)." Harvard Business School Case 283-053, January 1983. (Revised February 1988.)
      • August 1982 (Revised September 1991)
      • Case

      Rockwell International (A)

      By: Michael E. Porter
      Describes the competitive situation facing Rockwell International, the market leader in the U.S. water meter industry. The industry is undergoing structural change, and competitor activity is intensifying. Rockwell must decide what, if any, actions are necessary to... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Decisions; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Markets; Industry Structures; Business Strategy; Competition; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Porter, Michael E. "Rockwell International (A)." Harvard Business School Case 383-019, August 1982. (Revised September 1991.)
      • January 1982
      • Article

      A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation

      By: T. M. Amabile and A. H. Glazebrook
      Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Status and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Performance Evaluation; Situation or Environment; Perception; Attitudes
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      Amabile, T. M., and A. H. Glazebrook. "A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (January 1982): 1–22.
      • 1982
      • Article

      Children's Artistic Creativity: Detrimental Effects of Competition in a Field Setting

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Girls whose ages ranged from 7 to 11 years made paper collages during 1 of 2 residential parties. Those in the experimental group were competing for prizes, whereas those in the control group expected that the prizes would be raffled off. Artist-judges later rated each... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Early Childhood Education; Motivation and Incentives; Situation or Environment; Competition; Teaching
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      Amabile, T. M. "Children's Artistic Creativity: Detrimental Effects of Competition in a Field Setting." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 8 (1982): 573–578.
      • 1982
      • Article

      When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words

      By: T. M. Amabile and L. Kabat
      Subjects viewed two videotapes, one depicting a stimulus person's self-description and the other depicting that person's behavior in a conversation, according to a four-way factorial design personality descriptor used in the self-description ("introvert" or... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Perception; Cognition and Thinking; Judgments
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      Amabile, T. M., and L. Kabat. "When Self-Descriptions Contradict Behavior: Actions do Speak Louder than Words." Social Cognition 1 (1982): 311–335.
      • March 1981 (Revised October 1984)
      • Case

      Corning Glass Works: Indonesia

      By: Michael Y. Yoshino
      Evaluates the market opportunities and risks by Corning and International Finance Corporation in Indonesia. View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; Opportunities; Financial Services Industry; Indonesia
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      Yoshino, Michael Y. "Corning Glass Works: Indonesia." Harvard Business School Case 381-119, March 1981. (Revised October 1984.)
      • January 1980 (Revised October 1993)
      • Case

      Renn Zaphiropoulos

      By: John P. Kotter
      Focuses on the management style of Renn Zaphiropoulos in the context of a rapidly changing business environment within Xerox Corporation. To be contrasted with the case, Fred Henderson and the videotape, A Day with Fred Henderson (9-881-502), which are appropriate for... View Details
      Keywords: Situation or Environment; Management Style; Consumer Products Industry; Electronics Industry
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      Kotter, John P. "Renn Zaphiropoulos." Harvard Business School Case 480-044, January 1980. (Revised October 1993.)
      • December 1979 (Revised October 1983)
      • Case

      Fred Henderson

      By: John P. Kotter
      Focuses on the management style of Fred Henderson in the context of a relatively stable business environment within Xerox Corporation. To be contrasted with the case, Renn Zaphiropoulos and the videotape, A Day with Renn Zaphiropoulos (9-881-501), which are appropriate... View Details
      Keywords: Situation or Environment; Management Style; Consumer Products Industry; Electronics Industry
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      Kotter, John P. "Fred Henderson." Harvard Business School Case 480-043, December 1979. (Revised October 1983.)
      • May 1979
      • Article

      US National Dietary Goals: Food Industry Threat or Opportunity?

      By: James E. Austin and J. A. Quelch
      Keywords: Food; Goals and Objectives; Opportunities; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Austin, James E., and J. A. Quelch. "US National Dietary Goals: Food Industry Threat or Opportunity?" Food Policy (May 1979).
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