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  • All HBS Web  (1,689)
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    • Research  (1,231)
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  • All HBS Web  (1,689)
    • News  (229)
    • Research  (1,231)
    • Events  (3)
    • Multimedia  (6)
  • Faculty Publications  (833)
← Page 32 of 1,689 Results →
  • 2009
  • Article

Running Out of Numbers: Scarcity of IP Addresses and What To Do About It

By: Benjamin Edelman
The Internet's current numbering system is nearing exhaustion: Existing protocols allow only a finite set of computer numbers ("IP addresses"), and central authorities will soon deplete their supply. I evaluate a series of possible responses to this shortage: Sharing... View Details
Keywords: Internet; Performance Capacity; Technology Networks; Market Transactions; Resource Allocation; Policy; Price; Information Technology Industry
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Edelman, Benjamin. "Running Out of Numbers: Scarcity of IP Addresses and What To Do About It." Auctions, Market Mechanisms and Their Applications 14 (2009): 95–106. (Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Science.) (Featured in Working Knowledge: When the Internet Runs Out of IP Addresses) (Circulated in 2008 as Running Out of Numbers? The Impending Scarcity of IP Addresses and What To Do About It.)
  • June 2010 (Revised September 2011)
  • Case

The Southeast Bank of Texas in the Financial Crisis

By: Robert C. Pozen and Benjamin Greff Schneider
The Southeast Bank of Texas, like most other financial institutions in the U.S., has fallen on hard times during the financial crisis of the past year. Now, in March 2009, the bank is faced with several choices as a result of the new reforms spawned from the financial... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Capital; Financial Liquidity; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Banking Industry; Texas
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Pozen, Robert C., and Benjamin Greff Schneider. "The Southeast Bank of Texas in the Financial Crisis." Harvard Business School Case 310-141, June 2010. (Revised September 2011.)
  • 2009
  • Working Paper

Labor Regulations and European Private Equity

By: Ant Bozkaya and William R. Kerr
European nations substitute between employment protection regulations and labor market expenditures (e.g., unemployment insurance benefits) for providing worker insurance. Employment regulations more directly tax firms making frequent labor adjustments than other labor... View Details
Keywords: Venture Capital; Private Equity; Insurance; Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Taxation; Employment; Europe
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Bozkaya, Ant, and William R. Kerr. "Labor Regulations and European Private Equity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-043, December 2009.
  • December 2007
  • Case

Ruling the Modern Corporation: The Debate over Limited Liability in Massachusetts

By: David A. Moss and Eugene Kintgen
In 1830, Governor Levi Lincoln, Jr. urged the Massachusetts state legislature to introduce a limited liability regime for manufacturing corporations similar to that adopted in neighboring states. At least since 1809, shareholders in the state's manufacturing... View Details
Keywords: Capital; Debt Securities; Legal Liability; Production; Business and Shareholder Relations; Manufacturing Industry; Massachusetts
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Moss, David A., and Eugene Kintgen. "Ruling the Modern Corporation: The Debate over Limited Liability in Massachusetts." Harvard Business School Case 708-016, December 2007.
  • April 2002 (Revised September 2002)
  • Background Note

Capital Controls

By: Rawi E. Abdelal and Laura Alfaro
Only in the waning years of the 20th century did international financial markets begin to enjoy the freedom from government regulation that they had experienced before the first world war. By 2002, international capital markets had grown to be enormous--$1.2 trillion... View Details
Keywords: History; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Change Management; Cost vs Benefits; Governance Controls; Governance Compliance; Emerging Markets; Financial Markets; Network Effects; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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Abdelal, Rawi E., and Laura Alfaro. "Capital Controls." Harvard Business School Background Note 702-082, April 2002. (Revised September 2002.)
  • February 2022 (Revised April 2022)
  • Case

BUA Group

By: John D. Macomber, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Wale Lawal
BUA Group must decide between investments in cement, road building, power generation, or sugar. Private businesses are important to economic development in Africa. Students must assess the competitive nature of each of these industries, the magnitude of capital... View Details
Keywords: Investing; Transportation; Strategy; Project Finance; Agribusiness; Construction; Infrastructure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Nigeria; Africa
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Macomber, John D., Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Wale Lawal. "BUA Group." Harvard Business School Case 222-062, February 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
  • September 2009 (Revised December 2009)
  • Case

The Future of Iraq Project (A)

By: Noel Maurer and Sogomon Tarontsi
In March 2009, the government of Iraq decided to hold its first oil field auctions. The auctions were for service contracts on the country's southern oil fields; the winner would obtain the right to produce oil above a certain target for a fixed fee. The bidders... View Details
Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Foreign Direct Investment; Policy; Auctions; Production; Business and Government Relations; Energy Industry; Iraq
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Maurer, Noel, and Sogomon Tarontsi. "The Future of Iraq Project (A)." Harvard Business School Case 710-002, September 2009. (Revised December 2009.)
  • Web

Great American Business Leaders of the 20th Century - Leadership

Company, 1955–1966 Robert L. Johnson Black Entertainment Television, 1980–2001 Robert W. Johnson Johnson & Johnson Company, 1885–1910 Jesse H. Jones Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1933–1939 Reginald H. Jones General Electric Company,... View Details
  • September 2011
  • Article

Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality

By: Mark J. Roe and Jordan I. Siegel
We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of... View Details
Keywords: Financial Development; Political Instability; Government and Politics; Finance; Growth and Development; Economics; Equality and Inequality
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Roe, Mark J., and Jordan I. Siegel. "Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality." Journal of Comparative Economics 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 279–309. (We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of financial development. First, structural conditions first postulated by Engerman and Sokoloff (2002) as generating long-term inequality are shown here empirically to be exogenous determinants of political instability. Second, that exogenously-determined political instability in turn holds back financial development, even when we control for factors prominent in the last decade's cross-country studies of financial development. The findings indicate that inequality-perpetuating conditions that result in political instability are fundamental roadblocks for international organizations like the World Bank that seek to promote financial development. The evidence here includes country fixed effect regressions and an instrumental model inspired by Engerman and Sokoloff's (2002) work, which to our knowledge has not yet been used in finance and which is consistent with current tests as valid instruments. Four conventional measures of national political instability — Alesina and Perotti's (1996) well-known index of instability, a subsequent index derived from Banks' (2005) work, and two indices of managerial perceptions of nation-by-nation political instability — persistently predict a wide range of national financial development outcomes for recent decades. Political instability's significance is time consistent in cross-sectional regressions back to the 1960's, the period when the key data becomes available, robust in both country fixed-effects and instrumental variable regressions, and consistent across multiple measures of instability and of financial development. Overall, the results indicate the existence of an important channel running from structural inequality to political instability, principally in nondemocratic settings, and then to financial backwardness. The robust significance of that channel extends existing work demonstrating the importance of political economy explanations for financial development and financial backwardness. It should help to better understand which policies will work for financial development, because political instability has causes, cures, and effects quite distinct from those of many of the key institutions most studied in the past decade as explaining financial backwardness.)
  • 17 Aug 2023
  • Research & Ideas

‘Not a Bunch of Weirdos’: Why Mainstream Investors Buy Crypto

$45,000 or less accounted for another 20 percent of the transactions. This shows, Di Maggio says, that the crypto market consists of “average US investors that are using crypto as an alternative asset class in their portfolio.” Impact of COVID-19 stimulus Fiscal View Details
Keywords: by Ben Rand
  • January 2009 (Revised October 2011)
  • Case

Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (A)

By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Eric D. Werker
As his inauguration approached, President-elect Obama faced a financial sector meltdown, a costly bailout, and massive government deficits. With the economy in recession, interest rates near zero, and joblessness on the rise, Obama needed to decide whether, and how... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Policy; Government Administration; Taxation; United States
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Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Eric D. Werker. "Barack Obama and the Bush Tax Cuts (A)." Harvard Business School Case 709-037, January 2009. (Revised October 2011.)
  • March 2010
  • Article

Female Empowerment: Further Evidence From a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines

By: Nava Ashraf, Dean Karlan and Wesley Yin
Female "empowerment" has increasingly become a policy goal, both as an end to itself and as a means to achieving other development goals. Microfinance in particular has often been argued, but not without controversy, to be a tool for empowering women. Here, using a... View Details
Keywords: Goals and Objectives; Product; Microfinance; Decision Making; Policy; Welfare or Wellbeing; Gender; Power and Influence; Philippines
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Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, and Wesley Yin. "Female Empowerment: Further Evidence From a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines." World Development 38, no. 3 (March 2010): 333–344.
  • August 1998
  • Case

General Motors Corp. (D),The : 1993-1996

By: Peter Tufano
The fourth in a four-part series, the case details the financial policies and practices at General Motors from 1990 to 1996. This case describes the set of financial decisions taken by the firm as its business recovered, and focuses on an immediate decision faced by... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Finance; Auto Industry; United States
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Tufano, Peter, Markus Mullarkey, and William J Widlern. "General Motors Corp. (D),The : 1993-1996." Harvard Business School Case 299-009, August 1998.
  • January 2001 (Revised August 2003)
  • Case

Diageo plc

A major U.K.-based multinational is reevaluating its leverage policy as it restructures its business. The treasury team models the tradeoffs between the benefits and costs of debt financing, using Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the savings from the interest tax... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Multinational Firms and Management; Capital Structure; Restructuring; United Kingdom
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Chacko, George C., Peter Tufano, and Joshua Musher. "Diageo plc." Harvard Business School Case 201-033, January 2001. (Revised August 2003.)
  • April 2011
  • Article

Local Dividend Clienteles

We exploit demographic variation to identify the effect of dividend demand on corporate payout policy. Retail investors tend to hold local stocks, and older investors prefer dividend-paying stocks. Together, these tendencies generate geographically varying demand for... View Details
Keywords: Business Headquarters; Demographics; Investment; Geographic Location; Policy; Business and Shareholder Relations
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Becker, Bo, Zoran Ivkovic, and Scott Weisbenner. "Local Dividend Clienteles." Journal of Finance 66, no. 2 (April 2011): 655–684.
  • 14 Jun 2012
  • Working Paper Summaries

“Power from Sunshine”: A Business History of Solar Energy

Keywords: by Geoffrey Jones & Loubna Bouamane; Energy; Utilities
  • January 5, 2012
  • Article

Internet Protocol Numbers and the American Registry for Internet Numbers: Suggested Guidance for Bankruptcy Trustees, Debtors-in-Possession, and Receivers

By: Stephen Ryan, Benjamin Edelman and Matthew Martel
Bankruptcy trustees, debtors-in-possession, and receivers are seeing an increase in efforts to sell Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, also referred to "IP Numbers." IP Numbers are the unique numeric identifiers associated with computers connected to the Internet. While... View Details
Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Internet; Sales; Value; Policy; Contracts
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Ryan, Stephen, Benjamin Edelman, and Matthew Martel. "Internet Protocol Numbers and the American Registry for Internet Numbers: Suggested Guidance for Bankruptcy Trustees, Debtors-in-Possession, and Receivers." BNA's Bankruptcy Law Reporter (January 5, 2012).
  • February 1994 (Revised February 1996)
  • Case

Union Carbide Corporation: Interest Rate Risk Management

By: Peter Tufano
Union Carbide's board of directors is asked to evaluate a proposal from the staff treasurer's that would articulate policies to manage its debt portfolio. The staff proposes that shareholder value will be maximized if the firm manages its exposure to interest rates by... View Details
Keywords: Risk Management; Interest Rates; Corporate Finance; Chemical Industry
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Tufano, Peter, and Jon Headley. "Union Carbide Corporation: Interest Rate Risk Management." Harvard Business School Case 294-057, February 1994. (Revised February 1996.)
  • Working Paper

Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?

By: Marco Sammon and John J. Shim
Value-weighted indexes must rebalance in response to stock market composition changes, e.g., issuance, buybacks, and IPOs. In doing so, existing index funds implicitly engage in market timing. Index funds’ long-short rebalancing portfolios have a -3.5% annual return... View Details
Keywords: Investment Funds; Financial Markets; Market Timing; Investment Return
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Sammon, Marco, and John J. Shim. "Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?" SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5080459, May 2025.
  • winter 2000
  • Article

Assessing the Impact of Venture Capital to Innovation

By: Samuel Kortum and Josh Lerner
We examine the influence of venture capital on patented inventions in the United States across twenty industries over three decades. We address concerns about causality in several ways, including exploiting a 1979 policy shift that spurred venture capital fundraising.... View Details
Keywords: Venture Capital; Innovation and Invention
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Kortum, Samuel, and Josh Lerner. "Assessing the Impact of Venture Capital to Innovation." RAND Journal of Economics 31, no. 4 (winter 2000): 674–692. (Supplemental appendix.)
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