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      • May 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      COVID-19: The Global Shutdown

      By: Laura Alfaro and Sarah Jeong
      In the first months of 2020, a pandemic overwhelmed the world. COVID-19, commonly known as the coronavirus, spread from China and created a severe public health emergency across countries. While an immediate fear of the disease’s impact on human life permeated society,... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Economy; Economic Systems; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Economic Sectors; Health Pandemics
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Sarah Jeong. "COVID-19: The Global Shutdown." Harvard Business School Case 320-108, May 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Ancient Origins of the Global Variation in Economic Preferences

      By: Anke Becker, Benjamin Enke and Armin Falk
      This paper shows that contemporary population-level heterogeneity in risk aversion, time preference, altruism, positive reciprocity, negative reciprocity, and trust partly traces back to the structure of the migration patterns of our very early ancestors. To document... View Details
      Keywords: Migration Patterns; Behavioral Economics; Preferences; Microeconomics; Demography; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; History; Global Range
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      Becker, Anke, Benjamin Enke, and Armin Falk. "Ancient Origins of the Global Variation in Economic Preferences." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 319–323.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Foreign Direct Investment, Finance and Economic Development

      By: Laura Alfaro and Jasmina Chauvin
      Research has sought to understand how foreign direct investment affects host economies. This paper reviews the empirical literature, specifically addressing the question: How does FDI affect economic development of host countries and what is the role of local financial... View Details
      Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment; Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Condition; Development Economics
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Jasmina Chauvin. "Foreign Direct Investment, Finance and Economic Development." In Encyclopedia of International Economics and Global Trade, Vol. 1: Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise, edited by Mariana Spatareanu, 231–258. World Scientific, 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Identifying Sources of Inefficiency in Health Care

      By: Amitabh Chandra and Douglas O. Staiger
      In medicine, the reasons for variation in treatment rates across hospitals serving similar patients are not well understood. Some interpret this variation as unwarranted and push standardization of care as a way of reducing allocative inefficiency. However, an... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Performance Efficiency; Performance Productivity; Mathematical Methods
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      Chandra, Amitabh, and Douglas O. Staiger. "Identifying Sources of Inefficiency in Health Care." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 2 (May 2020): 785–843.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Negotiating a Better Future: How Interpersonal Skills Facilitate Inter-Generational Investment

      By: Nava Ashraf, Natalie Bau, Corinne Low and Kathleen McGinn
      Using a randomized control trial, we examine whether offering adolescent girls nonmaterial resources—specifically, negotiation skills—can improve educational outcomes in a low-income country. In so doing, we provide the first evidence on the effects of an intervention... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Competency and Skills; Training; Age; Gender; Education; Investment; Outcome or Result; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Ashraf, Nava, Natalie Bau, Corinne Low, and Kathleen McGinn. "Negotiating a Better Future: How Interpersonal Skills Facilitate Inter-Generational Investment." Quarterly Journal of Economics 135, no. 2 (May 2020): 1095–1151.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Scientific Production: An Exploration into Organization, Resource Allocation, and Funding

      By: Jerry Thursby, Marie Thursby, Karim R. Lakhani, Kyle R. Myers, Nina Cohodes, Sarah Bratt, Dennis Byrski, Hannah Cohoon and Maria Roche
      Production of scientific knowledge is core to civilizational advancement in economic and material wellbeing of societies. Despite its fundamental importance, however, a systematic effort to quantitatively study the factors underlying scientific production, particularly... View Details
      Keywords: Funding; Science; Knowledge; Research; Information Management; Resource Allocation
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      Thursby, Jerry, Marie Thursby, Karim R. Lakhani, Kyle R. Myers, Nina Cohodes, Sarah Bratt, Dennis Byrski, Hannah Cohoon, and Maria Roche. "Scientific Production: An Exploration into Organization, Resource Allocation, and Funding." Working Paper, May 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Tackling Climate Change Requires Organizational Purpose

      By: Rebecca Henderson and George Serafeim
      Unchecked climate change presents a profound threat to economic growth and political stability but despite widespread public concern about the issue, global emissions of greenhouse gases have not declined. Indeed current “business as usual” predictions imply that... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Purpose; Purpose; Sustainability; Environment; Climate Change; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Leadership
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and George Serafeim. "Tackling Climate Change Requires Organizational Purpose." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 177–180.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      The Relational Roles of Brands

      By: Jill Avery
      In contemporary culture, brands play important relational roles, linking consumers to others and serving as relational partners. This chapter provides an understanding of the relational roles of brands to illuminate why and how consumers connect with brands and how... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customers; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Marketing
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      Avery, Jill. "The Relational Roles of Brands." Chap. 8 in Marketing Management: A Cultural Perspective. 2nd edition, edited by Luca M. Visconti, Lisa Penaloza, and Nil Toulouse, 121–137. Routledge, 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Tannya Cai
      The HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker is an initiative by the Business, Government and the International Economy (BGIE) unit at Harvard Business School (HBS) to collect and standardize economic policies implemented as a response to the coronavirus pandemic around the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Economics; Policy; Health Pandemics; Government and Politics; Global Range
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Tannya Cai. "HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-110, April 2020. (Available at www.globalpolicytracker.com.)
      • 2020
      • Book

      Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity

      By: Joseph Allen and John D. Macomber
      By the time you reach 80, you will have spent 72 years of your life indoors. Like it or not, humans have become an indoor species. This means that the people who design, build, and maintain our buildings can have a major impact on our health.
      Ever feel tired... View Details
      Keywords: Architecture; Real Estate Development; Air Pollution; Air Quality; Public Health; Productivity Gains; Buildings and Facilities; Health; Pollutants; Performance Productivity; Construction Industry
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      Allen, Joseph, and John D. Macomber. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020.
      • Article

      The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores

      By: Katherine B. Coffman and David Klinowski
      Multiple-choice exams play a critical role in university admissions across the world. A key question is whether imposing penalties for wrong answers on these exams deters guessing from women more than men, disadvantaging female test-takers. We consider data from a... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Standardized Testing; Gender; Higher Education; Prejudice and Bias
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      Coffman, Katherine B., and David Klinowski. "The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 16 (April 21, 2020): 8794–8803.
      • April 2020 (Revised June 2022)
      • Technical Note

      Quantitative Analysis in Marketing

      By: Sunil Gupta
      Marketing is a combination of art and science that requires both qualitative and quantitative analysis to arrive at effective decisions. This note highlights how quantitative analysis can help in the following marketing decisions: estimating market size, determining... View Details
      Keywords: Quantitative Analysis; Marketing; Decision Making; Analysis
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      Gupta, Sunil. "Quantitative Analysis in Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 520-091, April 2020. (Revised June 2022.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Job Loss, Credit and Crime in Colombia

      By: Gaurav Khanna, Carlos Medina, Anant Nyshadham, Christian Posso and Jorge Tamayo
      We investigate the effects of job displacement, as a result of mass layoffs, on criminal arrests using a matched employer-employee-crime dataset from Medellín, Colombia. Job displacement leads to immediate and persistent earnings losses and higher probability of arrest... View Details
      Keywords: Job Displacements; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Crime and Corruption; Credit; Colombia; Medellín
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      Khanna, Gaurav, Carlos Medina, Anant Nyshadham, Christian Posso, and Jorge Tamayo. "Job Loss, Credit and Crime in Colombia." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-104, April 2020.
      • April 2020 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Race and Mass Incarceration in the United States

      By: Reshmaan N. Hussam and Holly Fetter
      The late 20th century saw a dramatic shift in the criminal justice system of the United States. While incarceration rates had remained stable through the 1960s, they quintupled by the 2000s to 707 per 100,000, far exceeding that of all other nations in the world. By... View Details
      Keywords: Criminal Justice System; Incarceration; Race; Prejudice and Bias; United States
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      Hussam, Reshmaan N., and Holly Fetter. "Race and Mass Incarceration in the United States." Harvard Business School Case 720-034, April 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
      • April 2020 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Shorefast: A Strange and Familiar Way to Reimagine Capitalism

      By: Brian Trelstad, Wendy Smith and Natalie Slawinski
      In 2006, Zita Cobb and two of her brothers, Alan Cobb and Tony Cobb, native Newfoundlanders, launched Shorefast to help grow another leg of Fogo Island’s economy. Like so many rural communities, Fogo Island’s fate was tied directly to one primary resource—in this case... View Details
      Keywords: Place Making; Non-profit; Hotel; Economic Development; Tourism; Social Entrepreneurship; Nonprofit Organizations; Development Economics; Economic Systems; Tourism Industry; Canada
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      Trelstad, Brian, Wendy Smith, and Natalie Slawinski. "Shorefast: A Strange and Familiar Way to Reimagine Capitalism." Harvard Business School Case 320-098, April 2020. (Revised May 2025.)
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Unrest in Chile

      By: Vincent Pons, William Mullins, John Masko, Annelena Lobb and Rafael Di Tella
      In 2020, Chileans would head to the ballot box to decide their country’s future. Many international observers credited Chile’s decades of neoliberal governance with turning the country into Latin America’s “Tiger,” a prosperous, diversified economy on its way to... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Macroeconomics; Economy; Political Elections; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Equality and Inequality; System Shocks; Chile; Latin America
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      Pons, Vincent, William Mullins, John Masko, Annelena Lobb, and Rafael Di Tella. "Unrest in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 720-033, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • April 2020 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      Singapore: 'Facing Challenges Together'

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor
      Since its expulsion from Malaysia in 1965, Singapore had transformed itself from a third world island nation into a vibrant city-state with one of the highest levels of GDP per capita in the world. However, sluggish demand among Singapore's major trade partners began... View Details
      Keywords: Savings; Productivity Growth; Productivity; Economic Institutions; Economic Development; Government And Business; Government Policy; Economic Policy; Country Analysis; Investment And Savings; Institutions; Economic Growth; Macroeconomics; Development Economics; Investment; Government and Politics; Trade; Policy; Research and Development; Analysis; Economics; Business and Government Relations; Asia; Singapore; Southeast Asia
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      Vietor, Richard H.K. "Singapore: 'Facing Challenges Together'." Harvard Business School Case 720-036, April 2020. (Revised August 2021.)
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Teton Capital Partners, LLC: Free Fallin'

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz
      Keywords: Private Equity; Financial Crisis; Real Estate Industry; Banking Industry
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo. "Teton Capital Partners, LLC: Free Fallin'." Harvard Business School Case 220-076, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Book

      Reimagining Capitalism in a World on Fire

      By: Rebecca Henderson
      Free market capitalism is one of humanity’s greatest inventions and the greatest source of prosperity the world has ever seen. But this success has been costly. Capitalism is on the verge of destroying the planet and destabilizing society as wealth rushes to the top.... View Details
      Keywords: Capitalism; Economic Systems; Ethics; Society; Environmental Sustainability
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      Henderson, Rebecca. Reimagining Capitalism in a World on Fire. New York: PublicAffairs, 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Sticky Capital Controls

      By: Miguel Acosta-Henao, Laura Alfaro and Andres Fernandez
      There is much ongoing debate on the merits of capital controls as effective policy instruments. The differing perspectives are due in part to a lack of empirical studies that look at the intensive margin of controls, which in turn has prevented a quantitative... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Controls; Macroprudential Policies; Stickiness; Intensive; (S, S) Costs; Capital; Management; Macroeconomics
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      Acosta-Henao, Miguel, Laura Alfaro, and Andres Fernandez. "Sticky Capital Controls." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26997, April 2020.
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