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  • All HBS Web  (16,240)
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  • 04 Jun 2001
  • What Do You Think?

What’s the Future of the Subscription Model?

Richard Feder maintains that the subscription model will gain momentum on the Internet as the memory of free service fades and the utility of new service increases. The... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Evaluating the Effects of Large-Scale Health Interventions in Developing Countries: The Zambian Malaria Initiative

By: Nava Ashraf, Gunther Fink and David N. Weil
Since 2003, Zambia has been engaged in a large-scale, centrally coordinated national anti-malaria campaign which has become a model in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper aims at quantifying the individual and macro level benefits of this campaign, which involved mass... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Developing Countries and Economies; Health Care and Treatment; Health Disorders; Performance Evaluation; Programs; Health Industry; Zambia
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Ashraf, Nava, Gunther Fink, and David N. Weil. "Evaluating the Effects of Large-Scale Health Interventions in Developing Countries: The Zambian Malaria Initiative." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 16069, June 2010.
  • March 2011
  • Module Note

Quantitative Analysis of Competitive Position: Customer Demand and Willingness to Pay

By: David J. Collis
This note is designed to provide strategists with tools to perform two critical customer-related analyses: determining willingness to pay — the estimation of how much a given customer would be willing to pay for a particular product or service; and demand estimation —... View Details
Keywords: Price; Demand and Consumers; Competitive Advantage; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Market Participation; Segmentation
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Collis, David J. "Quantitative Analysis of Competitive Position: Customer Demand and Willingness to Pay." Harvard Business School Module Note 711-495, March 2011.
  • June 2007
  • Article

Efficient Kidney Exchange: Coincidence of Wants in a Structured Market

By: A. E. Roth, Tayfun Sonmez and M. Utku Unver
Patients needing kidney transplants may have donors who cannot donate to them because of blood or tissue incompatibility. Incompatible patient-donor pairs can exchange donor kidneys with other pairs only when there is a "double coincidence of wants." Developing... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Structure; Size; Emotions; Human Needs; Health Care and Treatment; Health Testing and Trials; Infrastructure; Supply Chain Management; Fairness; Performance Improvement; Health Industry
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Roth, A. E., Tayfun Sonmez, and M. Utku Unver. "Efficient Kidney Exchange: Coincidence of Wants in a Structured Market." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (June 2007): 828–851.
  • Article

Representative Democracy and the Implementation of Majority-Preferred Alternatives

By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman
In this paper, we contrast direct and representative democracy. In a direct democracy, individuals have the opportunity to vote over the alternatives in every choice problem the population faces. In a representative democracy, the population commits to a candidate ex... View Details
Keywords: Economic Systems; Voting; Decision Choices and Conditions
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Coffman, Katherine Baldiga. "Representative Democracy and the Implementation of Majority-Preferred Alternatives." Social Choice and Welfare 46, no. 3 (March 2016): 477–494.
  • Article

Work Group Rituals Enhance the Meaning of Work

By: Tami Kim, Ovul Sezer, Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
The many benefits of finding meaning in work suggest the importance of identifying activities that increase job meaningfulness. The current paper identifies one such activity: engaging in rituals with workgroups. Five studies (N = 1,099) provide evidence that... View Details
Keywords: Groups; Meaningfulness; Task Meaning; Ritual; Teams; Organizational Citizenship; Groups and Teams; Behavior; Familiarity
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Kim, Tami, Ovul Sezer, Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "Work Group Rituals Enhance the Meaning of Work." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 165 (July 2021): 197–212.
  • 2008
  • Working Paper

Structural Closure and Exposure: Formation of Structural Inequality in Managerial Labor Markets

By: Mikolaj Jan Piskorski
Positional advantages arise when actors obtain rewards attached to positions they occupy, but these rewards are not merited by their performance. Existing theory suggests that in competitive markets there should be no positional advantages. This paper proposes a model... View Details
Keywords: Compensation and Benefits; Jobs and Positions; Managerial Roles; Performance Improvement; Alignment; Competitive Advantage; Equality and Inequality
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Piskorski, Mikolaj Jan. "Structural Closure and Exposure: Formation of Structural Inequality in Managerial Labor Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-086, April 2008.
  • Research Summary

Selling your Heritage: The Challenge of Legacy Divestitures

This paper studies companies that diversify away from and later divest their historical cores, or "legacy" businesses.  There are many reasons a firm might undertake this strategy, including a concentration of the legacy business in a declining... View Details

  • October 2017 (Revised April 2018)
  • Case

Improving Worker Safety in the Era of Machine Learning (A)

By: Michael W. Toffel, Dan Levy, Jose Ramon Morales Arilla and Matthew S. Johnson
Managers make predictions all the time: How fast will my markets grow? How much inventory do I need? How intensively should I monitor my suppliers? Which potential customers will be most responsive to a particular marketing campaign? Which job candidates should I... View Details
Keywords: Machine Learning; Policy Implementation; Empirical Research; Inspection; Occupational Safety; Occupational Health; Regulation; Analysis; Forecasting and Prediction; Policy; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Safety; Manufacturing Industry; Construction Industry; United States
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Toffel, Michael W., Dan Levy, Jose Ramon Morales Arilla, and Matthew S. Johnson. "Improving Worker Safety in the Era of Machine Learning (A)." Harvard Business School Case 618-019, October 2017. (Revised April 2018.)
  • Research Summary

Changing the World: Life Choices of Influential Leaders

By: Robert Simons

This project studies the life choices made by a variety of people who have left a lasting legacy. Using biographical data, we are examining the choices that high-impact individuals faced in their lives and the paths they chose to follow. The leaders we study come... View Details

Keywords: Leadership Style; Personal Characteristics; Work-life Balance; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Success
  • 20 Nov 2017
  • Research & Ideas

How Independent Bookstores Have Thrived in Spite of Amazon.com

other local businesses, for example. The ABA also strengthened the collective identity of indie bookstores by helping its members share best practices, such as how to use social media to promote special events. Raffaelli plans to release... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel (with video by Amelia Kunhardt); Retail
  • 18 Jun 2024
  • Research & Ideas

Industrial Decarbonization: Confronting the Hard Challenges of Cement

Cities like Cairo; Chongqing, China; Delhi; and Kinshasa, Congo are experiencing population explosions accompanied by unprecedented demand for homes, offices, factories, and infrastructure. In the United States, the Biden Administration’s policy-driven infrastructure... View Details
Keywords: by by Janelle Conaway; Green Technology; Energy; Industrial Products; Manufacturing
  • 02 Feb 2009
  • Research & Ideas

The Success of Persistent Entrepreneurs

the better off you are. More generally, being as careful as you can be with resources, and flexible in terms of the types of arrangements that you are willing to enter into,... View Details
Keywords: by Sarah Jane Gilbert
  • 27 May 2015
  • Research & Ideas

Build 'Scaffolds' to Improve Performance of Temporary Teams

2013 joined Stanford University as an assistant professor of management science and engineering. Valentine says one caveat of the quantitative improvement is that the hospital was not performing as well as... View Details
Keywords: by Roberta Holland; Health
  • 2022
  • Article

OpenXAI: Towards a Transparent Evaluation of Model Explanations

By: Chirag Agarwal, Satyapriya Krishna, Eshika Saxena, Martin Pawelczyk, Nari Johnson, Isha Puri, Marinka Zitnik and Himabindu Lakkaraju
While several types of post hoc explanation methods have been proposed in recent literature, there is very little work on systematically benchmarking these methods. Here, we introduce OpenXAI, a comprehensive and extensible opensource framework for evaluating and... View Details
Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science
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Agarwal, Chirag, Satyapriya Krishna, Eshika Saxena, Martin Pawelczyk, Nari Johnson, Isha Puri, Marinka Zitnik, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "OpenXAI: Towards a Transparent Evaluation of Model Explanations." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2022).
  • November 6, 2017
  • Article

The Common Traps of Working in Your Family's Business

By: Josh Baron
When your family’s name is on the door, you will never just be one of the gang — and everything you do could be fodder for the office rumor mill. Your actions are amplified because of your status in the company, and even seemingly small gestures can unintentionally... View Details
Keywords: Family Business; Attitudes; Behavior; Personal Development and Career; Mission and Purpose
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Baron, Josh. "The Common Traps of Working in Your Family's Business." Harvard Business Review (website) (November 6, 2017).
  • December 2023
  • Article

Save More Today or Tomorrow: The Role of Urgency in Precommitment Design

By: Joseph Reiff, Hengchen Dai, John Beshears, Katherine L. Milkman and Shlomo Benartzi
To encourage farsighted behaviors, past research suggests that marketers may be wise to invite consumers to pre-commit to adopt them “later.” However, the authors propose that people will draw different inferences from different types of pre-commitment offers, and that... View Details
Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions
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Reiff, Joseph, Hengchen Dai, John Beshears, Katherine L. Milkman, and Shlomo Benartzi. "Save More Today or Tomorrow: The Role of Urgency in Precommitment Design." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 60, no. 6 (December 2023): 1095–1113.
  • 13 Apr 2009
  • Research & Ideas

Kind of Blue: Pushing Boundaries with Miles Davis

seem to have a particular knack for moving on, jumping to new S-curves. These people—Miles Davis is one, but there are others, such as Pablo Picasso—seem to be willing to abandon past successes in the pursuit View Details
Keywords: by Martha Lagace; Music
  • 28 Feb 2011
  • Research & Ideas

The Importance of ‘Don’t’ in Inducing Ethical Employee Behavior

is for companies to frame goals in terms of promotion, and what we show here is that this might actually lead to cheating as a side effect.” The dichotomy raises an important question: If employees are generally focused on the benefits... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
  • April 4, 2009
  • Article

The Return of State-Owned Enterprises: Should We Be Afraid?

By: Aldo Musacchio and Francisco Flores-Macias
The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 has prompted many industrialized states worldwide to increase their stakes in private corporations. This wave of partial nationalizations has come amidst full-scale expropriations in developing countries such as Venezuela,... View Details
Keywords: History; Private Ownership; State Ownership; Financial Crisis; Business and Government Relations
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Musacchio, Aldo, and Francisco Flores-Macias. "The Return of State-Owned Enterprises: Should We Be Afraid?" Harvard International Review (website) (April 4, 2009).
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