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      • July 1989
      • Article

      Immunizing Children Against the Negative Effects of Reward

      By: B. A. Hennessey, T. M. Amabile and M. Martinage
      Two studies were conducted to examine the effect of intrinsic motivation training on children's subsequent motivational orientation and creativity in an expected reward situation. Past research has demonstrated the overjustification effect: Children who work on an... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Motivation and Incentives; Training; Early Childhood Education; Learning; Teaching
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      Hennessey, B. A., T. M. Amabile, and M. Martinage. "Immunizing Children Against the Negative Effects of Reward." Contemporary Educational Psychology 14, no. 3 (July 1989): 212–227.
      • Article

      New Hope for the Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure of Interest Rates

      By: K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Rational Expectations; Yield Curve; Interest Rates; Asset Pricing; Behavioral Finance
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      Froot, K. A. "New Hope for the Expectations Hypothesis of the Term Structure of Interest Rates." Journal of Finance 44, no. 2 (June 1989): 283–305. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2363, March 1990. Reprinted in Behavioral Finance, edited by H. Shefrin, part of the International Library of Critical Writings in Financial Economics, edited by R. Roll. London: Edward Elgar, 2000.)
      • spring 1989
      • Article

      Asset Price Expectations: A Summary

      By: K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Assets; Price; Performance Expectations
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      Froot, K. A. "Asset Price Expectations: A Summary." NBER Reporter (spring 1989).
      • Article

      Forward Discount Bias: Is It an Exchange Risk Premium?

      By: K. A. Froot and J. Frankel
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Asset Pricing
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      Froot, K. A., and J. Frankel. "Forward Discount Bias: Is It an Exchange Risk Premium?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 104, no. 1 (February 1989): 139–161. (Revision of "Findings of Forward Discount Bias Interpreted in Light of Exchange Rate Survey Data," NBER Working Paper No. 1963 and Sloan Working Paper No. 1906-87, August 1987. Reprinted in Advances in Behavioral Finance, edited by Richard Thaler. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1993: 359-382 and in Speculation and Financial Markets, edited by M. Taylor and L. Gallagher. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2001.)
      • January 1989 (Revised July 1991)
      • Case

      Bank for International Development, Software Case

      By: W. Carl Kester and Timothy A. Luehrman
      A hypothetical case in which an assistant treasurer of a supranational bank is asked to determine in which currencies it has been cheaper ex post to borrow. An integral part of the case is a Lotus 1-2-3 worksheet containing monthly data on yen and dollar interest... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Interest Rates; International Finance; Relationships; Currency; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Analytics and Data Science; Inflation and Deflation
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Timothy A. Luehrman. "Bank for International Development, Software Case." Harvard Business School Case 289-034, January 1989. (Revised July 1991.)
      • 1988
      • Chapter

      The Expected Utility of Playing a Game

      By: A. E. Roth
      Keywords: Game Theory; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Motivation and Incentives
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      Roth, A. E. "The Expected Utility of Playing a Game." In The Shapley Value: Essays in Honor of Lloyd S. Shapley, edited by A. E. Roth, 51–70. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
      • 1988
      • Chapter

      Explaining the Demand for Dollars: International Rates of Return, and the Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists

      By: Jeffrey A. Frankel and Kenneth A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Currency Exchange Rate; Asset Pricing; Macroeconomics
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      Frankel, Jeffrey A., and Kenneth A. Froot. "Explaining the Demand for Dollars: International Rates of Return, and the Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists." Chap. 2 in Macroeconomics, Agriculture, and Exchange Rates, edited by R. Chambers and P. Paarlberg, 25–80. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
      • February 1988 (Revised November 1994)
      • Background Note

      Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions

      By: W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick
      Provides a simple framework for analyzing expected exchange rate movements. Basic parity and equilibrium conditions are presented including purchasing power parity, forward parity, interest rate parity, the domestic Fisher effect, and the international Fisher effect... View Details
      Keywords: Currency Exchange Rate; Situation or Environment
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Note on Fundamental Parity Conditions." Harvard Business School Background Note 288-016, February 1988. (Revised November 1994.)
      • September 1987
      • Article

      Short-term and Long-term Expectations of the Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate: Evidence from Survey Data

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; Asset Pricing; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Japan; United States
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Short-term and Long-term Expectations of the Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate: Evidence from Survey Data." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 1 (September 1987): 249–274. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2216, April 1987.)
      • March 1987
      • Article

      Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; Asset Pricing; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Analytics and Data Science; Finance
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations." American Economic Review 77, no. 1 (March 1987): 133–153. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 1672.)
      • 1987
      • Working Paper

      Tests of Excess Forecast Volatility in the Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets

      By: K. A. Froot
      Simple regression tests that have power against the alternatives that asset prices and expected future asset returns are excessively volatile are developed and performed for the foreign exchange and stock markets. These tests have a number of advantages over... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Aversion; Risk; International Investing; International Finance; Risk and Uncertainty; Asset Pricing; Financial Markets; Investment; Behavioral Finance; Volatility
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      Froot, K. A. "Tests of Excess Forecast Volatility in the Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 2362, August 1987.
      • December 1986
      • Article

      Understanding the U.S. Dollar in the Eighties: The Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; Asset Pricing; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; History; Performance Expectations; Economics; United States
      Citation
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Understanding the U.S. Dollar in the Eighties: The Expectations of Chartists and Fundamentalists." Special Issue Economic Record (December 1986): 24–38. (Reprinted in Exchange Rate Economics, vol. I, edited by R. MacDonald and M. Taylor, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, Edward Elgar Publishing, U.K., 1992.)
      • September 1986 (Revised November 1994)
      • Case

      Lotus Development Corp. Channel Choice: Direct vs. Distribution

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan
      Lotus Development Corp., the number one microsoftware firm has traditionally sold to its customers through a distributor-retail dealer network. In early 1986, the company is considering the option of selling direct to large corporate customers. Students are expected to... View Details
      Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Channels; Distribution Channels; Sales; Software; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Lotus Development Corp. Channel Choice: Direct vs. Distribution." Harvard Business School Case 587-078, September 1986. (Revised November 1994.)
      • 1986
      • Article

      The Dollar as an Irrational Speculative Bubble: A Tale of Fundamentalists and Chartists

      By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
      Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Currency Exchange Rate; Asset Pricing; Macroeconomics
      Citation
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      Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "The Dollar as an Irrational Speculative Bubble: A Tale of Fundamentalists and Chartists." Marcus Wallenberg Papers on International Finance 1 (1986): 27–55. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 1854, March 1986.)
      • January 1985 (Revised March 2003)
      • Case

      Conex do Brasil

      By: Christopher A. Bartlett and John Young
      Describes interactions between Brazilian local, Latin American regional, and USA headquarters staff during the three years after establishing a manufacturing subsidiary in Sao Paulo. In a highly protected national environment, a market entry plan is developed to meet... View Details
      Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Resignation and Termination; Goals and Objectives; Market Entry and Exit; Operations; Performance Expectations; Opportunities; Corporate Strategy; Latin America; United States; Brazil
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      Bartlett, Christopher A., and John Young. "Conex do Brasil." Harvard Business School Case 385-257, January 1985. (Revised March 2003.)
      • June 1983
      • Article

      Expectations and Reputations in Bargaining: An Experimental Study

      By: A. E. Roth and F. Schoumaker
      Keywords: Negotiation; Reputation
      Citation
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      Roth, A. E., and F. Schoumaker. "Expectations and Reputations in Bargaining: An Experimental Study." American Economic Review 73, no. 3 (June 1983): 362–372.
      • Article

      Expecting Continued Play in Prisoner's Dilemma Games: A Test of Three Models

      By: J. K. Murnighan and A. E. Roth
      Keywords: Games, Gaming, and Gambling
      Citation
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      Murnighan, J. K., and A. E. Roth. "Expecting Continued Play in Prisoner's Dilemma Games: A Test of Three Models." Journal of Conflict Resolution 27, no. 2 (June 1983): 279–300.
      • Article

      Variance-Minimizing Monetary Policies with Lagged Price Adjustment and Rational Expectations

      By: Jerry R. Green and Seppo Honkapohja
      This paper considers a macroeconomic model with rational expectations in which prices are incompletely flexible. Markets therefore fail to clear. In such a model monetary policy is not neutral. The variance of real and nominal quantities and interest rates is sensitive... View Details
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      Green, Jerry R., and Seppo Honkapohja. "Variance-Minimizing Monetary Policies with Lagged Price Adjustment and Rational Expectations." European Economic Review 20, nos. 1-3 (January 1983): 123–141.
      • 1982
      • Article

      Children's Artistic Creativity: Detrimental Effects of Competition in a Field Setting

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Girls whose ages ranged from 7 to 11 years made paper collages during 1 of 2 residential parties. Those in the experimental group were competing for prizes, whereas those in the control group expected that the prizes would be raffled off. Artist-judges later rated each... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Early Childhood Education; Motivation and Incentives; Situation or Environment; Competition; Teaching
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      Amabile, T. M. "Children's Artistic Creativity: Detrimental Effects of Competition in a Field Setting." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 8 (1982): 573–578.
      • Article

      On Estimating the Expected Return on the Market: An Exploratory Investigation

      By: Robert C. Merton
      Keywords: Markets
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      Merton, Robert C. "On Estimating the Expected Return on the Market: An Exploratory Investigation." Journal of Financial Economics 8, no. 4 (December 1980): 1–39.
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