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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(1,784)
- People (9)
- News (316)
- Research (1,043)
- Events (15)
- Multimedia (10)
- Faculty Publications (856)
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- Article
Some Uses of Happiness Data in Economics
By: Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch
Di Tella, Rafael, and Robert MacCulloch. "Some Uses of Happiness Data in Economics." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 25–46.
- November 2019
- Article
How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework
By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Byoung G. Park
This paper evaluates the short- and long-term value of sales representatives’ detailing visits to different types of physicians. By understanding the dynamic effect of sales calls across heterogeneous physicians, we provide guidance on the design of optimal call... View Details
Keywords: Nerlove-Arrow Framework; Stock-of-goodwill; Dynamic Panel Data; Serial Correlation; Instrumental Variables; Sales Effectiveness; Detailing; Analytics and Data Science; Sales; Analysis; Performance Effectiveness; Pharmaceutical Industry
Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Byoung G. Park. "How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework." Management Science 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 5197–5218.
- February 2011
- Supplement
Dataset for "Slots, Tables, and All That Jazz: Managing Customer Profitability at the MGM Grand Hotel" (CW)
By: Dennis Campbell and Francisco de Asis Martinez-Jerez
Datasets of gaming and hotel customers to perform analysis for the case. View Details
- May–June 2025
- Article
Slowly Varying Regression Under Sparsity
By: Dimitris Bertsimas, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li and Omar Skali Lami
We consider the problem of parameter estimation in slowly varying regression models with sparsity constraints. We formulate the problem as a mixed integer optimization problem and demonstrate that it can be reformulated exactly as a binary convex optimization problem... View Details
Bertsimas, Dimitris, Vassilis Digalakis Jr, Michael Lingzhi Li, and Omar Skali Lami. "Slowly Varying Regression Under Sparsity." Operations Research 73, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 1581–1597.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python
By: Melissa Ouellet and Michael W. Toffel
This paper describes a range of best practices to compile and analyze datasets, and includes some examples in Stata, R, and Python. It is meant to serve as a reference for those getting started in econometrics, and especially those seeking to conduct data analyses in... View Details
Keywords: Empirical Methods; Empirical Operations; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Statistical Interferences; Research Analysts; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
Ouellet, Melissa, and Michael W. Toffel. "Empirical Guidance: Data Processing and Analysis with Applications in Stata, R, and Python." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-010, August 2024.
- May 8, 2020
- Article
Which Covid-19 Data Can You Trust?
By: Satchit Balsari, Caroline Buckee and Tarun Khanna
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a tidal wave of data, but how much of it is any good? And as a layperson, how can you sort the good from the bad? The authors suggest a few strategies for dividing the useful data from the misleading: Beware of data that’s too broad... View Details
Balsari, Satchit, Caroline Buckee, and Tarun Khanna. "Which Covid-19 Data Can You Trust?" Harvard Business Review (website) (May 8, 2020).
- February 2021
- Technical Note
Probability Distributions
By: Michael Parzen and Paul Hamilton
This technical note introduces students to the concept of random variables, and from there the normal and binomial distributions. After a brief introduction to random variables, the note describes the standard properties of the normal distribution: a single peak, and a... View Details
Parzen, Michael, and Paul Hamilton. "Probability Distributions." Harvard Business School Technical Note 621-704, February 2021.
- December 2011
- Article
Data Impediments to Empirical Work on Health Insurance Markets
By: Leemore S. Dafny, David Dranove, Frank Limbrock and Fiona Scott Morton
We compare four datasets that researchers might use to study competition in the health insurance industry. We show that the two datasets most commonly used to estimate market concentration differ considerably from each other (both in levels and in changes over time),... View Details
Dafny, Leemore S., David Dranove, Frank Limbrock, and Fiona Scott Morton. "Data Impediments to Empirical Work on Health Insurance Markets." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 11, no. 2 (December 2011).
- 2017
- Chapter
Venture Capital Data: Opportunities and Challenges
By: Steven N. Kaplan and Josh Lerner
This paper describes the available data and research on venture capital investments and performance. We comment on the challenges inherent in those data and research as well as possible opportunities to do better. View Details
Kaplan, Steven N., and Josh Lerner. "Venture Capital Data: Opportunities and Challenges." Chap. 10 in Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges. Vol. 75, edited by John Haltiwanger, Erik Hurst, Javier Miranda, and Antoinette Schoar. Studies in Income and Wealth (NBER). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.
- February 1994
- Background Note
Causal Inference
Discusses what causation is and what one can (and cannot) learn about causation from observational (nonexperimental) data. View Details
Schleifer, Arthur, Jr. "Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Background Note 894-032, February 1994.
- 2023
- Working Paper
PRIMO: Private Regression in Multiple Outcomes
By: Seth Neel
We introduce a new differentially private regression setting we call Private Regression in Multiple Outcomes (PRIMO), inspired the common situation where a data analyst wants to perform a set of l regressions while preserving privacy, where the covariates... View Details
Neel, Seth. "PRIMO: Private Regression in Multiple Outcomes." Working Paper, March 2023.
- April 2023
- Technical Note
An Art & A Science: How to Apply Design Thinking to Data Science Challenges
By: Michael Parzen, Eddie Lin, Douglas Ng and Jessie Li
We hear it all the time as managers: “what is the data that backs up your decisions?” Even local mom-and-pop shops now have access to complex point-of-sale systems that can closely track sales and customer data. Social media influencers have turned into seven-figure... View Details
Parzen, Michael, Eddie Lin, Douglas Ng, and Jessie Li. "An Art & A Science: How to Apply Design Thinking to Data Science Challenges." Harvard Business School Technical Note 623-070, April 2023.
- March 2022 (Revised January 2025)
- Technical Note
Statistical Inference
By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Parzen and Paul Hamilton
This note provides an overview of statistical inference for an introductory data science course. First, the note discusses samples and populations. Next the note describes how to calculate confidence intervals for means and proportions. Then it walks through the logic... View Details
Keywords: Data Science; Statistics; Mathematical Modeling; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Statistical Inference." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-099, March 2022. (Revised January 2025.)
- March 2020
- Article
Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data
By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Natesh S. Pillai and Donald B. Rubin
Models for analyzing multivariate data sets with missing values require strong, often assessable, assumptions. The most common of these is that the mechanism that created the missing data is ignorable—a twofold assumption dependent on the mode of inference. The first... View Details
Keywords: Missing Data; Diagnostic Tools; Sensitivity Analysis; Hypothesis Testing; Missing At Random; Row Exchangeability; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
Bojinov, Iavor I., Natesh S. Pillai, and Donald B. Rubin. "Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data." Biometrika 107, no. 1 (March 2020): 246–253.
- 2023
- Article
Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules
By: Kosuke Imai and Michael Lingzhi Li
The increasing availability of individual-level data has led to numerous applications of individualized (or personalized) treatment rules (ITRs). Policy makers often wish to empirically evaluate ITRs and compare their relative performance before implementing them in a... View Details
Keywords: Causal Inference; Heterogeneous Treatment Effects; Precision Medicine; Uplift Modeling; Analytics and Data Science; AI and Machine Learning
Imai, Kosuke, and Michael Lingzhi Li. "Experimental Evaluation of Individualized Treatment Rules." Journal of the American Statistical Association 118, no. 541 (2023): 242–256.
- September 2016 (Revised March 2017)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 3: Using Information for Performance Measurement and Control
By: Robert Simons
This module reading explains how managers use information to control critical business processes and outcomes. The analysis begins by illustrating how managers use information to communicate goals and track performance. Then the focus turns to the choices that managers... View Details
Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Strategy Execution; Organization Process; Feedback Model; Innovation; Uses Of Information; Big Data; Benchmarking; Decision Making; Information; Performance Evaluation; Analytics and Data Science
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 3: Using Information for Performance Measurement and Control." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-103, September 2016. (Revised March 2017.)
- October 2000 (Revised April 2003)
- Background Note
Project Finance Research, Data, and Information Sources
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Fuaad Qureshi
Documents the major sources of project finance research and data. It is to be a reference guide for MBA students writing for the elective curriculum course, Large-scale Investment, and for others interested in the field of project finance. View Details
Esty, Benjamin C., and Fuaad Qureshi. "Project Finance Research, Data, and Information Sources ." Harvard Business School Background Note 201-041, October 2000. (Revised April 2003.)
- April 2001
- Article
Academic-Practitioner Collaboration in Management Research: A Case of Cross-Profession Collaboration
By: T. M. Amabile, C. Patterson, Jennifer Mueller, T. Wojcik, P. Odomirok, M. Marsh and S. Kramer
We present a case of academic-practitioner research collaboration to illuminate three potential determinants of the success of such cross-profession collaborations: collaborative team characteristics, collaboration environment characteristics, and collaboration... View Details
Amabile, T. M., C. Patterson, Jennifer Mueller, T. Wojcik, P. Odomirok, M. Marsh, and S. Kramer. "Academic-Practitioner Collaboration in Management Research: A Case of Cross-Profession Collaboration." Academy of Management Journal 44, no. 2 (April 2001): 418–431.
- 2022
- Article
Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods
By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats... View Details
Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
- 2019
- Article
Can Big Data Improve Firm Decision Quality? The Role of Data Quality and Data Diagnosticity
By: Maryam Ghasemaghaei and Goran Calic
Anecdotal evidence suggests that, despite the large variety of data, the huge volume of generated data, and the fast velocity of obtaining data (i.e., big data), quality of big data is far from perfect. Therefore, many firms defer collecting and integrating big data as... View Details
Ghasemaghaei, Maryam, and Goran Calic. "Can Big Data Improve Firm Decision Quality? The Role of Data Quality and Data Diagnosticity." Decision Support Systems 120 (2019): 38–49.