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- All HBS Web
(2,231)
- People (2)
- News (153)
- Research (1,809)
- Events (3)
- Multimedia (10)
- Faculty Publications (1,335)
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- March 1995 (Revised February 1997)
- Case
Apple Computer (A)(Abridged): Corporate Strategy and Culture
By: Michael Beer and Gregory C. Rogers
Provides an overview of the company's history, industry, competitive position, strategy, and organization. Analyzes the culture and morale at Apple. Written at a time when the company faces a very compelling threat to their business, and when morale within the company... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Design; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Organizational Culture; Computer Industry
Beer, Michael, and Gregory C. Rogers. "Apple Computer (A)(Abridged): Corporate Strategy and Culture." Harvard Business School Case 495-044, March 1995. (Revised February 1997.)
- June 2019 (Revised November 2019)
- Technical Note
Sustaining Corporate Culture in a Growing Organization
By: Dennis Campbell and Tatiana Sandino
An organization’s culture can be a significant source of sustainable competitive advantage. For the organization, it can attract job candidates who fit and align employees working in different teams around common goals. For employees, a strong culture can generate... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Culture; Growth and Development; Mission and Purpose; Values and Beliefs; Management Systems
Campbell, Dennis, and Tatiana Sandino. "Sustaining Corporate Culture in a Growing Organization." Harvard Business School Technical Note 119-109, June 2019. (Revised November 2019.)
- 1992
- Book
Corporate Culture and Performance
By: J. P. Kotter and J. L. Heskett
Kotter, J. P., and J. L. Heskett. Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: Free Press, 1992.
- September – October 2011
- Article
Manage the Culture Cycle
By: James L. Heskett
Organizational culture—the shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that determine "how we do things around here"—can be measured and shaped. In organizations with large numbers of customer-facing employees, it can account for up to half of the difference in operating... View Details
- January 1996
- Background Note
National Cultures and Work-Related Values: The Hofstede Study
People from different national cultures often operate under different assumptions about what is appropriate behavior. In organizational settings, these cultural differences in underlying assumptions can significantly affect interactions when individuals from various... View Details
Keywords: Behavior; Organizations; Attitudes; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Computer Industry
Ibarra, Herminia M. "National Cultures and Work-Related Values: The Hofstede Study." Harvard Business School Background Note 496-044, January 1996.
- Teaching Interest
Micro Topics in Organizational Behavior
Micro Topics in Organizational Behavior is a PhD seminar course exploring current and seminal research on individual, dyadic, small group, and intra-organizational behavior. Examples of topics at the individual level include emotions, cognition, and behavioral... View Details
- 15 Dec 2003
- Research & Ideas
Women Leaders and Organizational Change
existing system, as well as the potential benefits to change! Hence, we continue to operate in ways that are reminiscent of a white male power structure. Q: What are the elements of organizational change that can lead to more... View Details
Keywords: by Mallory Stark
- Winter 2024
- Article
Return to Office Decisions: A Culture Question?
By: Yo-Jud Cheng and Boris Groysberg
Company culture is an important source of competitive advantage and differentiation. Even in times of
crisis, leaders must attend to their company’s culture, designing it in alignment with their strategy and
priorities. One of the most consequential decisions
that... View Details
Cheng, Yo-Jud, and Boris Groysberg. "Return to Office Decisions: A Culture Question?" Management and Business Review 4, no. 1 (Winter 2024): 8–15.
- February 2003
- Supplement
Silvio Napoli Cross Cultural Management
Presents an interview with Silvio Napoli regarding cultural aspects of an Italian manager in a Swiss company opening an Indian subsidiary. Issues range from personal and family adjustment to management style, corporate culture, and differences in national... View Details
Keywords: Management Style; Business Subsidiaries; Nationality; Organizational Culture; Personal Characteristics; Business Startups; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Italy; Switzerland; India
Bartlett, Christopher A. "Silvio Napoli Cross Cultural Management." Harvard Business School Video Supplement 303-806, February 2003.
- 05 Nov 2010
- Research & Ideas
The Work-Around Culture: Unintended Consequences of Organizational Heroes
"Work-around cultures" are pervasive in health care. Employees tend to work around obstacles, often feeling like a hero in the process, without solving the underlying problems. The reasons for these cultures are manifold, but... View Details
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Impact of Culture Consistency on Subunit Outcomes
By: Jasmijn Bol, Robert Grasser, Serena Loftus and Tatiana Sandino
We examine the association between subunit culture consistency—defined as the congruence between the organizational values espoused by top management and those perceived and practiced by subunit employees—and subunit outcomes. Using data from 235 subunits of a... View Details
Bol, Jasmijn, Robert Grasser, Serena Loftus, and Tatiana Sandino. "The Impact of Culture Consistency on Subunit Outcomes." Working Paper, December 2024.
- January–February 2014
- Article
IDEO's Culture of Helping
By: Teresa Amabile, Colin M. Fisher and Julianna Pillemer
Leaders can do few things more important than encouraging helping behavior within their organizations. In the highest-performing companies, it is a norm that colleagues support one another's efforts to do the best work they can. That has always been true for efficiency... View Details
Keywords: Management Style; Behavior; Attitudes; Organizational Culture; Relationships; Social and Collaborative Networks
Amabile, Teresa, Colin M. Fisher, and Julianna Pillemer. "IDEO's Culture of Helping." Harvard Business Review 92, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2014): 54–61.
- October 1990 (Revised September 1993)
- Case
Changing the Culture at British Airways
By: John P. Kotter
In just 10 years, 1980-1990, British Airways turned around both its declining image and financial situation. Focusing on the paramount importance of customer service, British Airways went from "bloody awful" to "bloody awesome." Experiencing a financial crisis in 1981... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Problems and Challenges; Customer Relationship Management; Corporate Strategy; Privatization; Air Transportation Industry; United Kingdom
Kotter, John P. "Changing the Culture at British Airways." Harvard Business School Case 491-009, October 1990. (Revised September 1993.)
- 17 Nov 2011
- Sharpening Your Skills
Sharpening Your Skills: Organizational Design
resources. But for other types of tasks, cultural heterogeneity had no effect on creative performance. The research is relevant to business practitioners because creating a multicultural workplace is often touted as a strategy to foster... View Details
Keywords: Re: Ranjay Gulati & Raffaella Sadun
- 14 May 2018
- Research & Ideas
Amazon vs. Whole Foods: When Cultures Collide
bad guy" Harvard Business School professors Dennis Campbell and Tatiana Sandino took notice, suspecting a clash of corporate cultures was at work. Their forthcoming case study discusses the limits of trying to force one View Details
- February 1991 (Revised July 1993)
- Case
Cultural Change at Nissan Motors
By: John P. Kotter
Depicts the reformation of Nissan Motor Co.'s corporate culture and the company's subsequent turnaround in market share and profits. In 1985, Yutaka Kume became president of Nissan and thereafter, he continually emphasized the need for internal change throughout the... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Leadership; Behavior; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Change Management; Management; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry
Kotter, John P. "Cultural Change at Nissan Motors." Harvard Business School Case 491-079, February 1991. (Revised July 1993.)
- May 2024 (Revised April 2025)
- Case
Leading Culture Change at Microsoft Western Europe
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Cat Huang
In 2023, Cindy Rose, President of Microsoft Western Europe, faced a critical decision. Rose grappled with the potential impact of widespread layoffs on psychological safety and the cultural transformation she had championed since her arrival. When Rose had first joined... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Organizational Culture; Transformation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Problems and Challenges; Motivation and Incentives; Groups and Teams; Business or Company Management; Technology Industry; Europe
Edmondson, Amy C., and Cat Huang. "Leading Culture Change at Microsoft Western Europe." Harvard Business School Case 624-096, May 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
- April 2016 (Revised February 2018)
- Teaching Note
Riot Games: Can Culture Survive Growth?
By: Boris Groysberg and Michael Norris
This teaching note gives instructors a guide for a discussion of Riot Games, a fast growing videogames firm with a strong, player-centric culture. It also offers references to research on culture that will allow students to decide whether or not Riot Games’ culture... View Details
- February 2007
- Case
IBM Culture in Its Architecture
By: A. Eugene Kohn and Kerry Herman
In 1992, Lou Gerstner was the CEO of IBM during a period where the firm was losing money and a turnaround was desperately needed. In a bold decision, Gerstner chose to build a new headquarters in Armonk, NY that had strict limits on expandability. His idea was to use... View Details
Keywords: Design; Leadership; Job Design and Levels; Organizational Structure; Buildings and Facilities; Business Headquarters; Decisions; Organizational Culture; Corporate Strategy; Expansion; Information Technology Industry; New York (state, US)
Kohn, A. Eugene, and Kerry Herman. "IBM Culture in Its Architecture." Harvard Business School Case 207-026, February 2007.
- 2005
- Article
Thai Firms' Adaptations Following the Asian Economic Crisis: Market Orientation, Innovativeness and Organizational Culture Five Years After
By: Rohit Deshpandé and John U. Farley