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  • 2025
  • Working Paper

How Firms Respond to Worker Activism: Evidence from Global Supply Chains

By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Social movement pressures can lead organizations to concede and improve social performance to avoid disruption costs, but we theorize that such responses evoke concession costs that prompt organizations to shift resources and attention from other social domains whose... View Details
Keywords: Worker Activism; Labor Standards; Tradeoffs; Global Supply Chains; Internal Governance Structure; Public Opinion; Supply Chain; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Working Conditions
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  • September 2015
  • Article

Codes in Context: How States, Markets, and Civil Society Shape Adherence to Global Labor Standards

By: Michael W. Toffel, Jodi L. Short and Melissa Ouellet
Transnational business regulation is increasingly implemented through private voluntary programs—like certification regimes and codes of conduct—that diffuse global standards. But little is known about the conditions under which companies adhere to these standards. We... View Details
Keywords: Transnational Regulation; Labor Standards; Consumer Politics; Codes Of Conduct; Compliance; Governance Compliance; Operations; Globalization; Labor
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  • Fall 2016
  • Article

The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring

By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Government agencies are increasingly turning to private, third-party monitors to inspect and assess regulated entities’ compliance with law. The integrity of these regulatory regimes rests on the validity of the information third-party monitors provide to regulators.... View Details
Keywords: Regulation; Compliance; Compliance Policies; Conflict Of Interest; Independent Third Party; Inspection; Audit Quality; Auditor; Audit; Environment; Safety; Conflict of Interests; Working Conditions; Labor; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Governance Compliance; Accounting Audits
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  • 2015
  • Working Paper

The Integrity of Private Third-party Compliance Monitoring

By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Government agencies are increasingly turning to private, third-party monitors to inspect and assess regulated entities’ compliance with law. The integrity of these regulatory regimes rests on the validity of the information third-party monitors provide to regulators.... View Details
Keywords: Regulation; Compliance; Compliance Policies; Conflict Of Interest; Independent Third Party; Inspection; Audit Quality; Auditor; Audit; Environment; Production; Supply Chain; Quality; Government Administration; Working Conditions; Safety; Labor; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance; Manufacturing Industry; Public Administration Industry; Accounting Industry; Service Industry; United States
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  • 16 Jun 2015
  • First Look

First Look: June 16, 2015

unifying framework for obtaining reliable proxies of expected returns worldwide. Download working paper: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=49238 Monitoring Global Supply Chains By: Short, Jodi L., View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • Article

The Causes and Consequences of Industry Self-Policing

By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Innovative regulatory programs are encouraging firms to police their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily disclose, or "confess," the violations they find. Despite the "win-win" rhetoric surrounding these government voluntary programs, it is not clear why... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Governance Compliance; Law Enforcement; Policy; United States
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  • 03 Mar 2009
  • First Look

First Look: March 3, 2009

50 employees) but was poised for significant growth. For founder and CEO Michael Lebowitz, the central challenge was to figure out whether and how the agency could retain its boutique culture while transcending its boutique size. The case... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 2024
  • Working Paper

Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring

By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Capitalizing on the superior credibility and flexibility and potential lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are relying less on their own employee (“second-party”) auditors and more on third-party auditors to monitor and prevent environmental and... View Details
Keywords: Auditing; Audit Quality; Working Conditions; Sustainability; Empirical Operations; Empirical Service Operations; Sustainability Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain Management
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  • September 2010
  • Article

Making Self-Regulation More Than Merely Symbolic: The Critical Role of the Legal Environment

By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Using data from a sample of U.S. industrial facilities subject to the federal Clean Air Act from 1993 to 2003, this article theorizes and tests the conditions under which organizations' symbolic commitments to self-regulate are particularly likely to result in improved... View Details
Keywords: Adoption; Code Law; Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Governance Compliance; Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; United States
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  • 23 Nov 2010
  • First Look

First Look: November 23

Effective Self-Policing Authors: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short Publication: Journal of Law and Economics... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 02 Sep 2008
  • First Look

First Look: September 3, 2008

Exercise of Leadership, a New Model Authors:Werner Erhard, Michael C. Jensen, Steve Zaffron, Kari L. Granger Abstract This paper is the (pre-course) introduction document to an experimental course developed... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • September 2016
  • Article

Monitoring Global Supply Chains

By: Jodi L. Short, Michael W. Toffel and Andrea R. Hugill
Firms seeking to avoid reputational spillovers that can arise from dangerous, illegal, and unethical behavior at supply chain factories are increasingly relying on private social auditors to provide strategic information about suppliers' conduct. But little is known... View Details
Keywords: Monitoring; Transaction Cost Economics; Industry Self-regulation; Auditing; Codes Of Conduct; Supply Chains; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain; Globalization
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  • 15 Jan 2013
  • First Look

First Look: January 15

Architecture of Transaction Networks: A Comparative Analysis of Hierarchy in Two Sectors Authors:Luo, Jianxi, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Daniel E. Whitney, and Christopher L. Magee Publication:Industrial and Corporate Change Abstract Many... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 22 Apr 2013
  • Research & Ideas

Earth Day: Recent Research on Sustainability

about real estate, urbanization, sustainability, and infrastructure. LEED-ing by ExampleWhen a local government decides to pursue environmentally aware construction policies for its own buildings, the private sector follows suit,... View Details
  • August 2020
  • Article

Improving Working Conditions in Global Supply Chains: The Role of Institutional Environments and Monitoring Program Design

By: Jodi L. Short, Michael W. Toffel and Andrea R. Hugill
Activism seeking to improve labor conditions in global supply chains has led many transnational corporations to adopt codes of conduct and monitor suppliers for compliance. Drawing on thousands of audits conducted by a major social auditor, we identify structural... View Details
Keywords: Monitoring; Supplier Relationship; Sustainability; Sustainability Management; Sustainable Operations; Sustainable Supply Chains; NGO; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Governance Compliance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Global Range; Working Conditions
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  • 20 Sep 2011
  • First Look

First Look: September 20

Authors:Jakub W. Jurek and Erik Stafford Abstract This paper studies the cost of capital for alternative investments. We document that the risk profile of the aggregate hedge fund universe can be accurately matched View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 25 Feb 2014
  • First Look

First Look: February 25

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2378899 Monitoring the Monitors: How Social Factors Influence Supply Chain Auditors By: Short, Jodi L., Michael W. View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 26 Mar 2019
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, March 26, 2019

long-term innovation output rather than for private benefits. Code Contingencies: Designing Monitoring Regimes to Promote Improvement in Supply Chain Working Conditions By: Short, Jodi L., Michael View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • 29 May 2012
  • First Look

First Look: May 29

abstract is unavailable at this time. Publisher's Link: http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9889.html Randomized Government Safety Inspections Reduce Worker Injuries with No Detectable Job Loss Authors:David I. Levine, Michael View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 10 Aug 2010
  • First Look

First Look: August 10

https://www.competitionpolicyinternational.com/when-should-a-platform-give-people-fewer-choices-and-charge-more-for-them.htm Institutionalizing Self-Regulation: The Effect of Commitment, Threat and Surveillance Authors:Jodi L. View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace

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