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- Faculty Publications (865)
- March 2024
- Teaching Note
'Storrowed': A Generative AI Exercise
By: Mitchell Weiss
Teaching Note for HBS Exercise No. 824-188. “Storrowed” is an exercise to help participants raise their proficiency with generative AI. It begins by highlighting a problem: trucks getting wedged underneath bridges in Boston, Massachusetts on the city’s Storrow Drive.... View Details
- March 2024 (Revised March 2024)
- Teaching Note
CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub
By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
- March 2024
- Article
Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act
By: Matthew Vogel, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra and Rena M. Conti
The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) requires Medicare to negotiate lower prices for some medicines with high Medicare spending. Using historical data from public and proprietary sources to apply the IRA's negotiation criteria retrospectively, we identify all drugs that... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Government Legislation; Health Care and Treatment; Negotiation; Price; Pharmaceutical Industry
Vogel, Matthew, Pragya Kakani, Amitabh Chandra, and Rena M. Conti. "Medicare Price Negotiation and Pharmaceutical Innovation Following the Inflation Reduction Act." Nature Biotechnology 42, no. 3 (March 2024): 406–412.
- February 2024 (Revised July 2024)
- Case
Korea Venture Investment Corporation
By: Paul A. Gompers and Billy Chan
Financial service sector Korea Venture Investment Corporation (KVIC) is the venture capital arm of the Korean government with a founding mission to build a domestic startup ecosystem that would be as competitive as Silicon Valley. KVIC manages a basket of... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Society; Investment; Venture Capital; Mission and Purpose; State Ownership; Financial Services Industry; Asia; South Korea
Gompers, Paul A., and Billy Chan. "Korea Venture Investment Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 224-022, February 2024. (Revised July 2024.)
- February 2024
- Case
Compass Pathways: Pioneering Psychedelic Treatment
By: Tiona Zuzul, Kisha Lashley and Gamze Yucaoglu
This case follows Compass Pathways, a pioneering company developing treatment for depression based on psilocybin, the compound found in ‘magic mushrooms.’ Psilocybin was a federally illegal substance in the U.S., and a “Schedule I” drug, defined as a drug “with no... View Details
Keywords: Commercialization; Corporate Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Product Launch; Health Testing and Trials; Research and Development; Laws and Statutes; Pharmaceutical Industry; Europe; United States; United Kingdom
Zuzul, Tiona, Kisha Lashley, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Compass Pathways: Pioneering Psychedelic Treatment." Harvard Business School Case 724-412, February 2024.
- February 2024
- Article
Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence
By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize, extend, and test this prediction. We find that television outlets whose viewers watch more... View Details
Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." American Economic Review 114, no. 2 (February 2024): 500–533.
- January 2024 (Revised January 2025)
- Case
Colbún and Chile's Energy Transition
By: Forest Reinhardt, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
In May 2023, Colbún, Chile’s second-largest electricity generator, plans capacity expansions using renewable energy and storage. This strategy supports Chile’s commitment to carbon neutrality (also known as net zero emissions) by 2050. The case delves into the... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Infrastructure; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Latin America; South America; Chile
Reinhardt, Forest, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Colbún and Chile's Energy Transition." Harvard Business School Case 724-026, January 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
- 2024
- Article
Technological Adoption and Taxation: The Case of China's Golden Tax Reform
By: Haichao Fan, Yu Liu, Nancy Qian and Jaya Y. Wen
This paper investigates the effect of Phase 2 of the Golden Tax Project on VAT in China. The reform introduced computer-generated invoices and electronic transaction linking. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we show that the reform increased VAT by reducing... View Details
Keywords: Taxation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technological Innovation; Economic Growth; China
Fan, Haichao, Yu Liu, Nancy Qian, and Jaya Y. Wen. "Technological Adoption and Taxation: The Case of China's Golden Tax Reform." Tax Policy and the Economy 38 (2024): 101–122.
- December 12, 2023
- Article
Prices for Common Services at Quaternary vs Nonquaternary Hospitals
By: Brandon W. Yan, Maximilian J. Pany and Leemore S. Dafny
Using commercial health insurance claims data from 2017-2019, we assessed whether quaternary hospitals charged higher prices for common, unspecialized services also offered by nonquaternary hospitals. We found quaternary-hospital price premiums of 8.2 percent, on... View Details
Yan, Brandon W., Maximilian J. Pany, and Leemore S. Dafny. "Prices for Common Services at Quaternary vs Nonquaternary Hospitals." JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association 330, no. 22 (December 12, 2023): 2211–2213.
- December 2023 (Revised August 2024)
- Supplement
Microsoft Azure and the Cloud Wars (B)
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
By 2023, the global market for cloud infrastructure had consolidated into a three-horse race. As of Q4 2022, Amazon, Microsoft, and Google collectively accounted for 66% of the global market. AWS had a market share of 33%, Microsoft Azure had 23%, and Google Cloud had... View Details
Keywords: Microsoft; Artificial Intelligence; AI; Competition; Information Infrastructure; Market Participation
Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Microsoft Azure and the Cloud Wars (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 724-434, December 2023. (Revised August 2024.)
- November 2023 (Revised July 2024)
- Case
'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (A)
By: Debora L. Spar, Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta and Julia M. Comeau
Since 1834, eight generations of the Ayala family have used their conglomerate to fund nation-building projects in the Philippines, including investments in tramcars, telecommunications, hospitals, and schools. In 1997, Ayala’s subsidiary, Manila Water, took control of... View Details
Keywords: Family Business; Economic Growth; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Natural Resources; Crisis Management; Failure; Privatization; Social Issues; Urban Development; Adaptation; Public Opinion; Mission and Purpose; Utilities Industry; Asia; Philippines
Spar, Debora L., Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta, and Julia M. Comeau. "'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (A)." Harvard Business School Case 324-038, November 2023. (Revised July 2024.)
- November 2023
- Supplement
'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (B)
By: Debora L. Spar, Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta and Julia Comeau
Since 1834, eight generations of the Ayala family have used their conglomerate to fund nation-building projects in the Philippines, including investments in tramcars, telecommunications, hospitals, and schools. In 1997, Ayala’s subsidiary, Manila Water, took control of... View Details
Keywords: Family Business; Economic Growth; Social Entrepreneurship; Climate Change; Natural Resources; Crisis Management; Failure; Privatization; Social Issues; Urban Development; Adaptation; Infrastructure; Utilities Industry; Philippines
Spar, Debora L., Paul Healy, Tricia Peralta, and Julia Comeau. "'Care in Every Drop': Ayala Corporation and Manila Water (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 324-039, November 2023.
- November 2023
- Case
From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group (Abridged)
By: Willy Shih and Nancy Dai
Like other small shops based in Chongqing, China, Zongshen Industrial Group started by assembling motorcycles from "standard" parts. The quality of its early products was good enough for rural Chinese buyers, though wealthier consumers usually purchased premium... View Details
Keywords: Disruptive Innovation; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Competitive Strategy; Supply Chain; Product Positioning; Manufacturing Industry; Motorcycle Industry; China
Shih, Willy, and Nancy Dai. "From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 624-056, November 2023.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Coordinated R&D Programs and the Creation of New Industries
By: Daniel P. Gross and Maria P. Roche
Complex systems technologies—including “deep tech”—are prone to numerous frictions that stymie commercial development. Yet technologies with these features underpin some of the most valuable industries of the past century. We examine how large, mission-oriented... View Details
Keywords: Research and Development; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Gross, Daniel P., and Maria P. Roche. "Coordinated R&D Programs and the Creation of New Industries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-027, April 2023. (Revised October 2024.)
- November 2023
- Teaching Plan
Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms
By: Willy Shih
Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 622-001. Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized... View Details
- November–December 2023
- Article
Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty
By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
An innovating organization faces the challenge of how to prioritize distinct goals of novelty and value, both of which underlie innovation. Popular practitioner frameworks like Agile management suggest that organizations can adopt an iterative approach of frequent... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; Novelty; Goals; Specialization; Coordination; Field Experiment; Software Development; Agile; Scrum; Iteration; Iterative; Organizations; Innovation and Invention; Value; Goals and Objectives; Integration; Applications and Software
Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation: Prioritizing Value over Novelty." Organization Science 34, no. 6 (November–December 2023): 2182–2206.
- October 2023
- Case
Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon... View Details
Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Environmental Accounting; Analysis; Climate Change; Green Technology; Innovation and Invention; Measurement and Metrics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Risk and Uncertainty; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Enterprise
Rigol, Natalia, Benjamin N. Roth, Brian Trelstad, and Amram Migdal. "Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact." Harvard Business School Case 824-119, October 2023.
- October 2023
- Case
Fixie and Conversational AI Sidekicks
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In March 2023, Fixie Co-Founder and Chief Architect Matt Welsh and co-founders had the kind of meeting no founders want to have. The president of leading artificial intelligence (AI) research and deployment firm OpenAI, which had catapulted into fame with its ChatGPT... View Details
Keywords: Large Language Model; Entrepreneurship; Decision Choices and Conditions; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Competitive Strategy; Technology Industry; United States
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Fixie and Conversational AI Sidekicks." Harvard Business School Case 824-037, October 2023.
- October 2023 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
Loris
By: Shunyuan Zhang, Das Narayandas, Stacy Straaberg and David Lane
In December 2022, Loris’s executive team considered their go-to-market strategy. Loris was an artificial intelligence (AI) software startup for the customer service industry with two products on the market: 1) Agent Assist which provided customer service agents (CSAs)... View Details
- 2025
- Working Paper
Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance
By: Justine Boudou and Maria Roche
In this paper, we examine how a startup’s knowledge foundations—embedded in its
core technology—influence its performance in the exit market. Using a dataset of 1,006
biomedicine startups founded between 2005 and 2015, we focus on two key factors: (1)
the degree of... View Details
Keywords: Firm Performance; Knowledge Foundations; Exits; Academic Startups; Inventor-founder; Specialized Scientific Knowledge; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Research; Information Publishing; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship
Boudou, Justine, and Maria Roche. "Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-021, October 2023. (Revised February 2025.)