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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (3,688)
      • Faculty Publications  (578)

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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI

      By: Pierre Azoulay, Joshua L. Krieger and Abhishek Nagaraj
      Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping generative AI advances. Central to our analysis are the concepts of appropriability—whether firms in the industry are able to control the knowledge generated... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Policy
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      Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua L. Krieger, and Abhishek Nagaraj. "Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7442, May 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM

      By: Ryan Dew, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer and Nachum Sicherman
      Routines shape many aspects of day-to-day consumption. While prior work has established the importance of habits in consumer behavior, little work has been done to understand the implications of routines—which we define as repeated behaviors with recurring, temporal... View Details
      Keywords: Ride-sharing; Routine; Machine Learning; Customer Relationship Management; Consumer Behavior; Segmentation
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      Dew, Ryan, Eva Ascarza, Oded Netzer, and Nachum Sicherman. "Detecting Routines: Applications to Ridesharing CRM." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 61, no. 2 (April 2024): 368–392.
      • April 2024
      • Article

      How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality

      By: Julia Elad-Strenger, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy and Eran Halperin
      What shapes our emotional responses to socio-political events? Following the social identity approach, we suggest that individuals adjust their emotional responses to socio-political stimuli based on their ideological out-group's responses, in a manner that preserves... View Details
      Keywords: Political Ideology; Emotions; Identity; Groups and Teams; Israel
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      Elad-Strenger, Julia, Amit Goldenberg, Tamar Saguy, and Eran Halperin. "How Our Ideological Out-Group Shapes Our Emotional Response to Our Shared Socio-Political Reality." British Journal of Social Psychology 63, no. 2 (April 2024): 723–744.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Greenlighting Innovative Projects: How Evaluation Format Shapes the Perceived Feasibility of Early-Stage Ideas

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Simon Friis, Tianxi Cai, Michael Menietti, Griffin Weber and Eva C. Guinan
      The evaluation of innovative early-stage projects is essential for allocating limited resources. We investigate how the evaluation format affects the identification of feasibility issues through a field experiment at a leading research university. Experts were... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Evaluation; Evaluation Criteria; Feasibility Assessment; Attention Allocation; Cognitive Mechanisms; Field Experiment; Research; Performance Evaluation; Innovation and Invention; Prejudice and Bias
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Simon Friis, Tianxi Cai, Michael Menietti, Griffin Weber, and Eva C. Guinan. "Greenlighting Innovative Projects: How Evaluation Format Shapes the Perceived Feasibility of Early-Stage Ideas." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-064, March 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Cicely Saunders and Modern Hospices—A Brother’s View: Case Histories of Transformational Advances

      By: Amar Bhide and Srikant M. Datar
      This case history describes the role of Dame Cicely Saunders (1918-2005) in shaping the modern hospice movement. View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Power and Influence
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      Bhide, Amar, and Srikant M. Datar. "Cicely Saunders and Modern Hospices—A Brother’s View: Case Histories of Transformational Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-055, February 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment

      By: Do Yoon Kim, Roberto Fontana and Shane Greenstein
      Prior studies suggest that openness shapes the introduction of new products. This study collects novel data on all routers and subcomponents introduced between 2000 and 2018. We characterize each firm's position in a supply chain as upstream component providers... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Supply Chain
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      Kim, Do Yoon, Roberto Fontana, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Devices and Slices: Evidence from Wi-Fi Equipment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-045, January 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Article

      Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation

      By: Laura Alfaro, Nick Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew F. Newman, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We develop an incomplete-contracts model to jointly study firm boundaries and the allocation of decision rights within them. Integration has an option value: it gives firm owners authority to delegate or centralize decision rights, depending on who can best solve... View Details
      Keywords: Boundaries; Decision Choices and Conditions; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Alfaro, Laura, Nick Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew F. Newman, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation." Journal of the European Economic Association 22, no. 1 (February 2024): 34–72.
      • February 2024
      • Article

      Fifty Shades of QE: Robust Evidence

      By: Brian Fabo, Marina Jančoková, Elisabeth Kempf and Ľuboš Pástor
      Fabo et al. (2021) show that papers written by central bank researchers find quantitative easing (QE) to be more effective than papers written by academics. Weale and Wieladek (2022) show that a subset of these results lose statistical significance when OLS regressions... View Details
      Keywords: Quantitative Easing; Research; Mathematical Methods; Perception; Banks and Banking; Body of Literature
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      Fabo, Brian, Marina Jančoková, Elisabeth Kempf, and Ľuboš Pástor. "Fifty Shades of QE: Robust Evidence." Art. 107065. Journal of Banking & Finance 159 (February 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Age at Immigrant Arrival and Career Mobility: Evidence from Vietnamese Refugee Migration and the Amerasian Homecoming Act

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Kendall Smith
      We study the long-run career mobility of young immigrants, mostly refugees, from Vietnam who moved to the United States during 1989-1995. This third and final migration wave of young Vietnamese immigrants was sparked by unexpected events that culminated in the... View Details
      Keywords: Vietnam; Vietnam War; Assimilation; Immigration; Refugees; Age; Outcome or Result; Personal Development and Career; Viet Nam
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Kendall Smith. "Age at Immigrant Arrival and Career Mobility: Evidence from Vietnamese Refugee Migration and the Amerasian Homecoming Act." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-044, January 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      How does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? To address this question, we analyze novel data matching accounts from GitHub—the largest OSS hosting platform—to the universe of global software venture-backed firms... View Details
      Keywords: Applications and Software; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Human Capital; Valuation; Corporate Strategy
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • January 2024
      • Background Note

      Evaluating Innovations in the Organization of Primary Care: What Type of Innovation Is It and How Well Does It Align with the Six Factors?

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and James Wallace
      How can we evaluate if innovative health care ventures can do good—benefit society—and do well—become financially viable? This question is the topic of the first module in the Innovating in Health Care course book.

      This note and "Health Stop (A): What Type... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Health Care and Treatment; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Mission and Purpose; Alignment; Health Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and James Wallace. "Evaluating Innovations in the Organization of Primary Care: What Type of Innovation Is It and How Well Does It Align with the Six Factors?" Harvard Business School Background Note 324-037, January 2024.
      • December 2023 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI

      By: Paul M. Healy and Debora L. Spar
      In November of 2022, the small tech company OpenAI released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot which quickly captured the public’s imagination—becoming the world’s fastest-growing consumer application within months of its release. Though observers from across... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Ethics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technology Adoption; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Technology Industry; United States; European Union; China
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      Healy, Paul M., and Debora L. Spar. "Monsters in the Machine? Tackling the Challenge of Responsible AI." Harvard Business School Case 324-062, December 2023. (Revised August 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Market Design and Maintenance

      By: Alvin E. Roth
      Because no marketplace operates in isolation from the larger world, marketplace designs may need to adapt to changes in the larger environments. I discuss such changes in connection with the labor markets for new doctors, new Ph.D. economists, and for kidney exchange... View Details
      Keywords: Market Design
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      Roth, Alvin E. "Market Design and Maintenance." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31947, December 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Unionization on Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality: Evidence from Starbucks

      By: Isamar Troncoso, Minkyung Kim, Ishita Chakraborty and SooHyun Kim
      The US has seen a rise in union movements, but their effects on service industry marketing outcomes like customer satisfaction and perceptions of service quality remain understudied. In this paper, we empirically study the impact on customer satisfaction and... View Details
      Keywords: Labor Unions; Customer Satisfaction; Perception; Public Opinion; Employees; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Troncoso, Isamar, Minkyung Kim, Ishita Chakraborty, and SooHyun Kim. "The Impact of Unionization on Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality: Evidence from Starbucks." Working Paper, 2023.
      • November 2023
      • Case

      Apple Inc. in 2023

      By: David B. Yoffie and Sarah von Bargen
      Under CEO Tim Cook, Apple became the first trillion dollar market cap company, the first two trillion dollar company, and the first three trillion dollar company. Since the COVID pandemic, Apple gained over 20% of the world smartphone market and 50% of the U.S. market,... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Product Positioning; Emerging Markets; Competitive Strategy; Technological Innovation; Revenue; Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Sarah von Bargen. "Apple Inc. in 2023." Harvard Business School Case 724-419, November 2023.
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Fortinet: Cybersecurity Pioneer Ken Xie Considers the Long Game

      By: Tsedal Neeley, Jeff Huizinga and Emily Grandjean
      Ken Xie, cofounder of cybersecurity giant Fortinet, faced a critical decision that would validate his leadership. Fortinet became the industry’s second-largest pureplay cybersecurity firm by developing differentiated hardware and investing in R&D. However, after a... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Marketing Strategy; Communication Strategy; Cybersecurity; Competitive Advantage; Information Technology Industry; United States; Sunnyvale
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      Neeley, Tsedal, Jeff Huizinga, and Emily Grandjean. "Fortinet: Cybersecurity Pioneer Ken Xie Considers the Long Game." Harvard Business School Case 424-016, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm

      By: Ashley Whillans and Sara Coronel Rodriguez
      "For ghSMART, freedom is the first principle from which all good things flow”—Geoff Smart, Chairman and Founder, ghSMART. ghSMART was a leadership advisory firm that was grounded in the principle of freedom. Talented Consultants and Partners could work remotely from... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Consulting Firms; Time Management; Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Innovation Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Partners and Partnerships; Expansion; Reputation
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      Whillans, Ashley, and Sara Coronel Rodriguez. "ghSMART & Co: Building and Scaling a Time Smart Firm." Harvard Business School Case 924-009, October 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance

      By: Justine Boudou and Maria Roche
      In this paper, we examine how a startup’s knowledge foundations—embedded in its core technology—influence its performance in the exit market. Using a dataset of 1,006 biomedicine startups founded between 2005 and 2015, we focus on two key factors: (1) the degree of... View Details
      Keywords: Firm Performance; Knowledge Foundations; Exits; Academic Startups; Inventor-founder; Specialized Scientific Knowledge; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Research; Information Publishing; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship
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      Boudou, Justine, and Maria Roche. "Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations, Inventor-Founders, and Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-021, October 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Coordination and Bandwagon Effects: How Past Rankings Shape the Behavior of Voters and Candidates

      By: Riako Granzier, Vincent Pons and Clémence Tricaud
      Candidates’ placements in polls or past elections can be powerful coordination devices for both parties and voters. Using a regression discontinuity design in French elections, we show that candidates who place first by only a small margin in the first round are more... View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Voting; Coordination; Bandwagon Effect; Regression Discontinuity Design; French Elections; Voting; Political Elections; Behavior; France
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      Granzier, Riako, Vincent Pons, and Clémence Tricaud. "Coordination and Bandwagon Effects: How Past Rankings Shape the Behavior of Voters and Candidates." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 15, no. 4 (October 2023): 177–217.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Effect of Childhood Environment on Political Behavior: Evidence from Young U.S. Movers, 1992–2021

      By: Jacob R. Brown, Enrico Cantoni, Sahil Chinoy, Martin Koenen and Vincent Pons
      We ask how childhood environment shapes political behavior. We measure young voters’ participation and party affiliation in nationally comprehensive voter files and reconstruct their childhood location histories based on their parents’ addresses. We compare outcomes of... View Details
      Keywords: Political Parties; Government and Politics; Age; Residency; Voting
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      Brown, Jacob R., Enrico Cantoni, Sahil Chinoy, Martin Koenen, and Vincent Pons. "The Effect of Childhood Environment on Political Behavior: Evidence from Young U.S. Movers, 1992–2021." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31759, October 2023.
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