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      • October 2022 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Aphro Beverages

      By: Frank V. Cespedes and Amram Migdal
      This case focuses on distribution, sales, and product decisions as Aphro Beverages reaches an inflection point in its growth trajectory. In 2020, Aphro Beverages, based in Accra, Ghana, successfully launched its brand and brought two new alcoholic spirits products to... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Entrepreneurship; Food; Geography; Geographic Scope; Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Resource Allocation; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Digital Marketing; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Social Marketing; Operations; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Product; Product Design; Product Development; Supply Chain; Sales; Salesforce Management; Food and Beverage Industry; Africa; Ghana
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      Cespedes, Frank V., and Amram Migdal. "Aphro Beverages." Harvard Business School Case 823-044, October 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • October 2022
      • Article

      How Leaders with Divergent Visions Generate Novel Strategy: Navigating the Paradox of Preservation and Modernization in Swiss Watchmaking

      By: Ryan Raffaelli, Rich DeJordy and Rory M. McDonald
      How do leaders with divergent visions for their organization come together to create a novel strategy? This paper employs paradox as a lens to investigate how leader-dyads can integrate opposing strategies to produce a new, generative approach. Drawing on a qualitative... View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Paradoxes; Senior Leaders; Organizational Reinvention; Leadership; Technological Innovation; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Change; Manufacturing Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Switzerland
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      Raffaelli, Ryan, Rich DeJordy, and Rory M. McDonald. "How Leaders with Divergent Visions Generate Novel Strategy: Navigating the Paradox of Preservation and Modernization in Swiss Watchmaking." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 5 (October 2022): 1593–1622.
      • September 15, 2022
      • Article

      How to Build a Life: 11 Ancient Solutions for Modern Malaise

      By: Arthur C. Brooks
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      Brooks, Arthur C. "How to Build a Life: 11 Ancient Solutions for Modern Malaise." The Atlantic (September 15, 2022).
      • September 6, 2022
      • Article

      Creating a Platform for Costless Personalization in Clothing

      By: Shane Greenstein
      This study analyzes the role of co-invention in the creation of a platform for print-on-demand-clothing, or PODC. Co-invention is the invention of a new business process to complement new technology, and turn it into a valuable commercial service. PODC copies a design... View Details
      Keywords: Print-on-demand-clothing; Customization and Personalization; Digital Platforms; Apparel and Accessories Industry
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      Greenstein, Shane. "Creating a Platform for Costless Personalization in Clothing." Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics (September 6, 2022).
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      The Merits and Limits of China's Modern Universities

      By: William C. Kirby
      China has a long history of advanced learning, but its modern universities are quite young. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, the establishment of Chinese universities based on international models signaled the end of a millennium of promoting talent through... View Details
      Keywords: Higher Education; Education Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C. "The Merits and Limits of China's Modern Universities." Chap. 11 in Making Meritocracy: Lessons from China and India, from Antiquity to the Present, edited by Tarun Khanna and Michael Szonyi, 262–283. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Book

      Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China

      By: William C. Kirby
      The modern university was born in Germany. In the twentieth century, the United States leapfrogged Germany to become the global leader in higher education. Will China challenge its position in the twenty-first?
      Today American institutions dominate nearly every... View Details
      Keywords: University; Higher Education; History; United States; Germany; China
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      Kirby, William C. Empires of Ideas: Creating the Modern University from Germany to America to China. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2022.
      • June 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Modern Endowment Management: Paula Volent and the Bowdoin Endowment

      By: Luis M. Viceira
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 211-101. View Details
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      Viceira, Luis M. "Modern Endowment Management: Paula Volent and the Bowdoin Endowment." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 222-089, June 2022.
      • May 2022
      • Article

      Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software

      By: Frank Nagle
      While there is little debate that digital forces are playing an increasingly crucial role in the economy, there is limited understanding of the importance of the digital infrastructure that underlies this role. Much of the discussion around digital infrastructure has... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source; Applications and Software; Policy; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution
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      Nagle, Frank. "Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (May 2022).
      • May 2022 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing

      By: Elie Ofek and Alicia Dadlani
      John Henry and Carey Anne Nadeau, co-founders and co-CEOs of LOOP, an insurtech startup based in Austin, Texas, were on a mission to modernize the archaic $250 billion automobile insurance market. They sought to create equitably priced insurance by eliminating pricing... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Alicia Dadlani. "LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing." Harvard Business School Case 522-073, May 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
      • May 2022 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      The Freedom Fund (A): Ending Modern Slavery

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Courtney Han
      The Freedom Fund founded in 2013 to end modern slavery had raised more than half its intended target (by 2025) of $200 million. In 2021, impressed by its decentralized-partnering style of operations, philanthropist MacKenzie Scott awarded the Fund a gift of $35 million... View Details
      Keywords: Social Issues; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Spending; Decisions; India; Thailand; Ethiopia
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Courtney Han. "The Freedom Fund (A): Ending Modern Slavery." Harvard Business School Case 522-099, May 2022. (Revised May 2024.)
      • April 2022
      • Case

      Melio: Modernizing Payments for Small Business

      By: David S. Scharfstein, Dean Xu and Danielle Golan
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      Scharfstein, David S., Dean Xu, and Danielle Golan. "Melio: Modernizing Payments for Small Business." Harvard Business School Case 222-076, April 2022.
      • April 12, 2022
      • Article

      Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States

      By: Estee Y. Cramer, Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li and et al.
      Short-term probabilistic forecasts of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States have served as a visible and important communication channel between the scientific modeling community and both the general public and decision-makers. Forecasting models... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Forecasting and Prediction; Health Pandemics; Mathematical Methods; Partners and Partnerships
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      Cramer, Estee Y., Evan L. Ray, Velma K. Lopez, Johannes Bracher, Andrea Brennen, Alvaro J. Castro Rivadeneira, Michael Lingzhi Li, and et al. "Evaluation of Individual and Ensemble Probabilistic Forecasts of COVID-19 Mortality in the United States." e2113561119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 15 (April 12, 2022). (See full author list here.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation

      By: Matti Tuomala and Matthew Weinzierl
      Prioritarianism has been at the center of the formal approach to optimal tax theory since its modern starting point in Mirrlees (1971), but most theorists’ use of it is motivated by tractability rather than explicit normative reasoning. We characterize analytically and... View Details
      Keywords: Prioritarianism; Optimal Taxation; Utilitarianism; Redistribution; Inverse-optimum; Taxation; Theory; Policy
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      Tuomala, Matti, and Matthew Weinzierl. "Prioritarianism and Optimal Taxation." In Prioritarianism in Practice, edited by Matthew Adler and Ole Norheim. Cambridge University Press, 2022. (Also published in HBR Insights, December 2020.)
      • April 2022
      • Book Review

      Review of "Authoritarian Modernization in Indonesia's Early Independence Period: The Foundation of the New Order State (1950-1965)" by Farabi Fakih

      By: Mattias Fibiger
      Keywords: History; Indonesia
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      Fibiger, Mattias. Review of "Authoritarian Modernization in Indonesia's Early Independence Period: The Foundation of the New Order State (1950-1965)" by Farabi Fakih. Indonesia, no. 113 (April 2022): 125–127.
      • February 2022 (Revised October 2022)
      • Case

      P.T. Barnum: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case describes the life of P.T. Barnum, widely considered to the be the father of modern advertising and marketing. Barnum showed his genius for business early, selling lottery tickets and confections from his father’s store. He went on to found a famous museum of... View Details
      Keywords: Entertainment; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics; Marketing; Success; Values and Beliefs; Mission and Purpose; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; Europe
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "P.T. Barnum: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 122-076, February 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
      • January 2022 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Mercantilism, the Medici, and the Making of the Modern World (A)

      By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
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      Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Mercantilism, the Medici, and the Making of the Modern World (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-032, January 2022. (Revised August 2024.)
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      Mercantilism, the Medici, and the Making of the Modern World (B)

      By: Sophus A. Reinert and Robert Fredona
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      Reinert, Sophus A., and Robert Fredona. "Mercantilism, the Medici, and the Making of the Modern World (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-033, January 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Fiscal Development under Colonial and Sovereign Rule

      By: Ewout Frankema and Marlous van Waijenburg
      This chapter explores differences in the making of a ‘modern’ fiscal state under colonial and sovereign rule. Focusing on African and Asian colonies (1820–1970) and their respective European metropoles, it argues that while the introduction of ‘modern’... View Details
      Keywords: Fiscal Modernization; Colonial Rule; Economic History; Sovereign Finance; History; Taxation; Africa; Asia
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      Frankema, Ewout, and Marlous van Waijenburg. "Fiscal Development under Colonial and Sovereign Rule." In Global Taxation: How Modern Taxes Conquered the World, edited by Philipp Genschel and Laura Seelkopf, 67–98. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • December 2021
      • Case

      The Instant Payment Mandate: The Central Bank of Brazil and Pix

      By: Lauren Cohen and Spencer C. N. Hagist
      João M. P. De Mello and his team at the Central Bank of Brazil are preparing a move that would seek to tilt the scales in favor of financial inclusion for the entire country. The innovation at hand is the unprecedented nation-wide instant payment scheme: Pix. The fruit... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Finance; Entrepreneurship; Innovation Strategy; Banking Industry; Brazil
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      Cohen, Lauren, and Spencer C. N. Hagist. "The Instant Payment Mandate: The Central Bank of Brazil and Pix." Harvard Business School Case 222-053, December 2021.
      • 2 Sep 2021
      • Interview

      Amy Edmondson

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Deepak Jayaraman
      Amy C. Edmondson is the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at the Harvard Business School. Amy has been recognized by the biannual Thinkers50 global ranking of management thinkers since 2011, and most recently was ranked #3 in 2019. She studies teaming,... View Details
      Keywords: Psychological Safety; Organizational Culture; Communication; Performance Effectiveness
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      "Amy Edmondson." Episode 78. Play to Potential (podcast), September 2, 2021.
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