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      • Faculty Publications  (586)

      Marketing CommunicationsRemove Marketing Communications →

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      • February 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Uniswap: Fighting a Vampire Attack (A)

      By: Shikhar Ghosh, Shweta Bagai and Liang Wu
      This is the first of a three-case series that explores the challenges faced by Uniswap, a key player in the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector. Founded by Hayden Adams, the case traces Uniswap's rapid growth from a simple idea inspired by a Reddit post to becoming one... View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; Crypto Economy; Community; Decentralization; Decentralized Exchange; Decentralized Finance; Open Platforms; Open-source Innovation; Market Distruption; Stablecoin; Vampire Attack; Web3; Token; Digital Platforms; Entrepreneurship; Governance; Technological Innovation; Competitive Strategy; Financial Liquidity; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, Shweta Bagai, and Liang Wu. "Uniswap: Fighting a Vampire Attack (A)." Harvard Business School Case 824-162, February 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Adventures Inc: 21st Century Brand Building

      By: Boris Groysberg and Sarah L. Abbott
      Founded in 2020, Adventures worked with celebrities in Brazil to create and launch digitally native brands. The idea was to match the celebrity’s skill in creating content and entertaining fans with Adventures’ skill in consumer packaged goods marketing and operations.... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Brand; Influencer Marketing; Growth And Scaling; Capital Constraints; Brand Portfolio Strategy; CPG; Start-up; Celebrity Endorsement; Digital Marketing; Growth and Development Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Advertising; Social Media; Business Startups; Joint Ventures; Brands and Branding; Brazil
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Adventures Inc: 21st Century Brand Building." Harvard Business School Case 424-065, February 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Content Moderation with Opaque Policies

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Jesse M. Shapiro
      A sender sends a signal about a state to a receiver who takes an action that determines a payoff. A moderator can block some or all of the sender's signal before it reaches the receiver. When the moderator's policy is transparent to the receiver, the moderator can... View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Communication; Knowledge Sharing; Information Infrastructure; Media
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Content Moderation with Opaque Policies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32156, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Article

      Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence

      By: Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang and Ali Yurukoglu
      Existing theories of media competition imply that advertisers will pay a lower price in equilibrium to reach consumers who multi-home across competing outlets. We generalize, extend, and test this prediction. We find that television outlets whose viewers watch more... View Details
      Keywords: Television Entertainment; Advertising; Residency; Social Media; Price; Media; Age
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      Gentzkow, Matthew, Jesse M. Shapiro, Frank Yang, and Ali Yurukoglu. "Pricing Power in Advertising Markets: Theory and Evidence." American Economic Review 114, no. 2 (February 2024): 500–533.
      • January 2024
      • Supplement

      Winning Business at Russell Reynolds

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Cara Mazzucco
      In an effort to make compensation drive collaboration, Russell Reynolds Associates’ (RRA) CEO Clarke Murphy sought to re-engineer the bonus system for his executive search consultants in 2016. As his HR analytics guru, Kelly Smith, points out, that risks upsetting—and... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Talent and Talent Management; Compensation and Benefits; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Motivation and Incentives; Consulting Industry
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Cara Mazzucco. "Winning Business at Russell Reynolds." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 424-704, January 2024.
      • January 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      School of Rock: Tuning into Structured Empowerment (A)

      By: Tatiana Sandino, Jeffrey Rayport, Samuel Grad and Stacy Straaberg
      In summer 2021, School of Rock was a youth-oriented music education company with 291 franchise- and company-owned schools globally. Before CEO Rob Price’s hire in 2017, School of Rock’s nonconformist rock ‘n’ roll culture led to variability in teaching styles,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Plan; Change Management; Transformation; Communication Strategy; Decisions; Curriculum and Courses; Teaching; Employee Relationship Management; Knowledge Sharing; Leadership Style; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Style; Marketing Strategy; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Franchise Ownership; Performance Expectations; Performance Improvement; Strategic Planning; Attitudes; Conflict Management; Corporate Strategy; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Education Industry; Music Industry; Massachusetts; United States
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      Sandino, Tatiana, Jeffrey Rayport, Samuel Grad, and Stacy Straaberg. "School of Rock: Tuning into Structured Empowerment (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-043, January 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      How does participating in open source software (OSS) communities spur entrepreneurial growth? To address this question, we analyze novel data matching accounts from GitHub—the largest OSS hosting platform—to the universe of global software venture-backed firms... View Details
      Keywords: Applications and Software; Open Source Distribution; Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Human Capital; Valuation; Corporate Strategy
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Contributing to Growth? The Role of Open Source Software for Global Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-040, January 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • January 2024 (Revised June 2025)
      • Exercise

      Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys

      By: Eva Ascarza, Nicolas Padilla and Oded Netzer
      In late May 2023, Sarah Merino, the newly appointed manager of the Customer Insights group at Travelogo—an online travel booking platform—initiates a comprehensive analysis of clickstream data to understand the varied behaviors and needs of their users. In preparation... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Analysis; Analytics and Data Science; Marketing Strategy; Segmentation; Consumer Behavior; Travel Industry; United States
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      Ascarza, Eva, Nicolas Padilla, and Oded Netzer. "Travelogo: Understanding Customer Journeys." Harvard Business School Exercise 524-044, January 2024. (Revised June 2025.)
      • January 2024
      • Case

      BWX Technologies

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Yuan Zou and Aldo Sesia
      Rex Geveden and Robb LeMasters, CEO and CFO of BWX Technologies, Inc. (BWXT), were concerned that investors and analysts did not fully appreciate the company's transformation from a nuclear reactor provider to the US Navy and Canadian utilities to a multi-product line... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Communication Intention and Meaning; Business and Shareholder Relations; Valuation; Diversification; United States; Canada
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Yuan Zou, and Aldo Sesia. "BWX Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 124-071, January 2024.
      • January 2024
      • Case

      Sprouts Farmers Market

      By: Rajiv Lal, Forest L. Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      Sprouts Farmers Markets (Sprouts) is a Phoenix, Arizona-based chain of 400-plus natural foods stores in 23 U.S. states and $6.4 billion in sales as of 2022. In its product assortment, brand image, and store environment, Sprouts emphasizes freshness, health, innovation,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Strategic Planning; Sales; Business Strategy; Expansion; Product Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Competition; Retail Industry; United States; Arizona
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      Lal, Rajiv, Forest L. Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "Sprouts Farmers Market." Harvard Business School Case 524-059, January 2024.
      • 2024
      • Book

      The Everything Token: How NFTs and Web3 Will Transform the Way We Buy, Sell, and Create

      By: Steve Kaczynski and Scott Duke Kominers
      We demystify the coming digital revolution, showing how NFTs will transform our online and offline interactions.

      NFTs aren’t just pictures on the internet, or a fad that has come and gone. Rather, they’re a new technology for creating digital assets and... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Systems; Microeconomics; Entrepreneurship; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Digital Platforms; Digital Strategy; Digital Transformation; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Markets; E-commerce; Market Design; Value; Customer Value and Value Chain; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Organizational Structure; Customer Ownership; Ownership; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry; Communications Industry
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      Kaczynski, Steve, and Scott Duke Kominers. The Everything Token: How NFTs and Web3 Will Transform the Way We Buy, Sell, and Create. Portfolio/Penguin, 2024.
      • November 2023 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      BiomX: Bringing Phage Back to the Stage

      By: Paul A. Gompers, Elie Ofek, Orna Dan and Emilie Billaud
      In the spring of 2023, and following the favorable results of a trial involving its phage cocktail for treating lung infections among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the leadership of BiomX had several critical issues to wrestle with. First, given its precarious... View Details
      Keywords: Working Capital; Financing and Loans; Health Testing and Trials; Product Development; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Commercialization; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Gompers, Paul A., Elie Ofek, Orna Dan, and Emilie Billaud. "BiomX: Bringing Phage Back to the Stage." Harvard Business School Case 524-051, November 2023. (Revised April 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)

      By: Joseph Pacelli and Sarah Mehta
      This case covers the events leading up to the 2021 GameStop short squeeze. Using GameStop as an illustrative example, the case explores the rise in retail trading, increased financial information sharing on social media, and the gamification of investing enabled by... View Details
      Keywords: Value; Stocks; Financial Markets; Social Media; Investment; Applications and Software; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, and Sarah Mehta. "GameStop: Social Media Finds a Cheat Code (A)." Harvard Business School Case 124-005, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023 (Revised March 2024)
      • Case

      Fortinet: Cybersecurity Pioneer Ken Xie Considers the Long Game

      By: Tsedal Neeley, Jeff Huizinga and Emily Grandjean
      Ken Xie, cofounder of cybersecurity giant Fortinet, faced a critical decision that would validate his leadership. Fortinet became the industry’s second-largest pureplay cybersecurity firm by developing differentiated hardware and investing in R&D. However, after a... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Marketing Strategy; Communication Strategy; Cybersecurity; Competitive Advantage; Information Technology Industry; United States; Sunnyvale
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      Neeley, Tsedal, Jeff Huizinga, and Emily Grandjean. "Fortinet: Cybersecurity Pioneer Ken Xie Considers the Long Game." Harvard Business School Case 424-016, October 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
      • October 2023
      • Case

      Kevin O'Leary: Building a Brand in Shark-infested Waters

      By: Reza Satchu and Patrick Sanguineti
      For more than fifteen years, successful Canadian entrepreneur and investor Kevin O’Leary had developed his brand into a global powerhouse. Since his first appearance on the Canadian television program Dragons’ Den in 2006 and his meteoric rise to stardom through the... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Brand; Crisis; Brands and Branding; Entrepreneurship; Crisis Management; Social Media; Public Opinion; Power and Influence; Financial Services Industry
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      Satchu, Reza, and Patrick Sanguineti. "Kevin O'Leary: Building a Brand in Shark-infested Waters." Harvard Business School Case 824-095, October 2023.
      • October 2023
      • Article

      Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior

      By: Jimin Nam, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas and Alison Wood Brooks
      Organizations face growing pressure from their consumers and stakeholders to take public stances on sociopolitical issues. However, many are hesitant to do so lest they make missteps, promises they cannot keep, appear inauthentic, or alienate consumers, employees, or... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Public Opinion; Social Media; Social Issues
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      Nam, Jimin, Maya Balakrishnan, Julian De Freitas, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Speedy Activists: Firm Response Time to Sociopolitical Events Influences Consumer Behavior." Special Issue on Consumer Insights from Text Analysis edited by Grant Packard, Sarah G. Moore, and Jonah Berger. Journal of Consumer Psychology 33, no. 4 (October 2023): 632–644.
      • September 2023 (Revised May 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      On (A) and (B)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, Jordan Mitchell and Karen Elterman
      Teaching Note for "On," HBS Case No. 723-430. On is a premium performance running shoe company founded in Switzerland in 2010. The company rapidly gained traction through its unique CloudTec cushioning technology, its innovative midsole plate called the Speedboard, and... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Digital Marketing; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Global Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Product Marketing; Social Media; Strategy; Supply Chain Management; Technological Innovation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; Germany; Switzerland; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, Jordan Mitchell, and Karen Elterman. "On (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-375, September 2023. (Revised May 2025.)
      • September 2023 (Revised August 2025)
      • Supplement

      On Slides

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, Jordan Mitchell and Karen Elterman
      Slides to support the teaching of the On case, 723-430. On is a premium performance running shoe company founded in Switzerland in 2010. The company rapidly gained traction through its unique CloudTec cushioning technology, its innovative midsole plate called the... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Digital Marketing; Disruptive Innovation; Distribution Channels; Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Global Strategy; Initial Public Offering; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Marketing Strategy; Product Design; Product Development; Product Marketing; Social Media; Strategy; Supply Chain Management; Technological Innovation; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Sports Industry; Europe; Germany; Switzerland; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karolin Frankenberger, Sascha Mader, Jordan Mitchell, and Karen Elterman. "On Slides." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 724-376, September 2023. (Revised August 2025.)
      • September 2023
      • Case

      The Meteoric Rise of Skims

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Jill Avery and Leonard A. Schlesinger
      Since its founding in 2019 by Kim Kardashian and Jens Grede, Skims, a solutions-oriented brand creating the next generation of underwear, loungewear, and shapewear with an eye toward body-type and skin-tone inclusivity, has experienced a meteoric rise. Kardashian, who... View Details
      Keywords: Brand; Branding; Direct-to-consumer; DTC; Influencers; Influencer Marketing; Fashion; Growth; Direct Marketing; Influence; Reputation; Social Inference; Consumer Goods; Consumer Products; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Entrepreneurship And Strategy; Brand & Product Management; Competitive Advantage; Online Followers; Retail; Retail Formats; Retailing; Online Retail; Celebrities; Celebrity; Celebrity Endorsement; Go To Market Strategy; Apparel; Startup Marketing; Startups; Social Influencers; Brands and Branding; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Distribution Channels; Digital Marketing; Advertising; Power and Influence; Social Media; Fashion Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Jill Avery, and Leonard A. Schlesinger. "The Meteoric Rise of Skims." Harvard Business School Case 524-023, September 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Firm Visibility and Acquisition Likelihood: Evidence from Seeking Alpha Coverage

      By: Pu Gu, Benjamin Yost and Yuan Zou
      This study investigates whether social media coverage influences a firm’s likelihood of being acquired. Specifically, we hypothesize that coverage of a firm on the Seeking Alpha platform raises its visibility to potential acquirers and M&A advisers (i.e., investment... View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Mergers and Acquisitions; Marketplace Matching; Investment Banking
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      Gu, Pu, Benjamin Yost, and Yuan Zou. "Firm Visibility and Acquisition Likelihood: Evidence from Seeking Alpha Coverage." Working Paper, July 2023.
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