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- All HBS Web (270)
- Faculty Publications (116)
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- All HBS Web (270)
- Faculty Publications (116)
- February 1986 (Revised March 1989)
- Background Note
Note on Foreign Exchange
Describes the operation of foreign exchange markets, including bid-offer spreads, cross rates, reciprocal rates, and forward rates. Provides several examples to demonstrate calculation of outright forward rates using discount and premium points quoted in the London... View Details
Mason, Scott P. "Note on Foreign Exchange." Harvard Business School Background Note 286-067, February 1986. (Revised March 1989.)
- October 2022
- Article
Sovereign Risk, Currency Risk, and Corporate Balance Sheets
By: Wenxin Du and Jesse Schreger
We provide a comprehensive account of the evolution of the currency composition of sovereign and corporate external borrowing by emerging markets from 2003 to 2017. We show that a higher reliance on foreign currency debt by the corporate sector is associated with... View Details
Du, Wenxin, and Jesse Schreger. "Sovereign Risk, Currency Risk, and Corporate Balance Sheets." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 10 (October 2022): 4587–4629.
- March 2012
- Article
Europoly Money: How Do Tourists Convert Foreign Currencies to Make Spending Decisions?
By: Raghubir Priya, Morwitz Vicki and Shelle Santana
Priya, Raghubir, Morwitz Vicki, and Shelle Santana. "Europoly Money: How Do Tourists Convert Foreign Currencies to Make Spending Decisions?" Journal of Retailing 88, no. 1 (March 2012): 7–19.
HBS Case: FX Risk Hedging at EADS
In 2008, EADS, the European aerospace group that owns Airbus, was faced with the decision of how best to hedge a large and growing mismatch between its dollar revenues and its euro manufacturing costs. Specifically, the company needed to decide if it would continue... View Details
- 17 Nov 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
Sovereign Risk, Currency Risk, and Corporate Balance Sheets
Keywords: by Wenxin Du and Jesse Schreger
- 1992
- Chapter
Exchange Rate Forecasting Techniques, Survey Data, and Implications for the Foreign Exchange Market
By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; International Finance; Currency Exchange Rate; Asset Pricing; Forecasting and Prediction; Policy
Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Exchange Rate Forecasting Techniques, Survey Data, and Implications for the Foreign Exchange Market." In International Business Reader, edited by D. Duta. London: Oxford University Press, 1992. (Revised from IMF Working Paper No. 90/43 and NBER Working Paper No. 3470, October 1990.)
- March 2005 (Revised February 2006)
- Case
Advising on Currency Risk at ICICI Bank
In March 2003, a client approached the Markets Advisory Group at ICICI Bank, India's second largest bank, about a hedging transaction. The hedge involved multiple interest rates and currencies. Shilpa Kumar, head of the Markets Advisory Group, has to put together a... View Details
Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Currency Exchange Rate; Capital Markets; Investment Funds; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; India
Chacko, George C., Marti G Subrahmanyam, Vincent Dessain, and Anders Sjoman. "Advising on Currency Risk at ICICI Bank." Harvard Business School Case 205-074, March 2005. (Revised February 2006.)
- 2010
- Chapter
The Euro as a Reserve Currency for Global Investors
By: Luis M. Viceira and Ricardo Gimeno
This article explores the demand for the euro for risk management purposes and the evidence of stock market integration in the euro area. We define a reserve currency as one that investors demand either because it helps them hedge real interest risk and inflation risk,... View Details
Keywords: Volatility; Inflation and Deflation; Capital Markets; Currency; Stocks; Financial Markets; Financing and Loans; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Risk Management
Viceira, Luis M., and Ricardo Gimeno. "The Euro as a Reserve Currency for Global Investors." Chap. 4 in Spain and the Euro. The First Ten Years, 149–178. Madrid, Spain: Banco de España, 2010.
- October 2004 (Revised February 2007)
- Background Note
Foreign Exchange Markets and Transactions
By: Mihir A. Desai, Christina Pham, Kathleen Luchs and Yanjun Wang
Provides information on the foreign exchange market and exchange rate movements. Describes the different types of foreign exchange transactions, including spot transactions, forwards, swaps, futures, and options. Includes worked examples to help students understand the... View Details
Keywords: Currency Exchange Rate
Desai, Mihir A., Christina Pham, Kathleen Luchs, and Yanjun Wang. "Foreign Exchange Markets and Transactions." Harvard Business School Background Note 205-016, October 2004. (Revised February 2007.)
- 02 Oct 2017
- What Do You Think?
Do Bitcoin and Digital Currency Have a Future?
Credit: pixelfit SUMMING UP How Will Digital Currencies Be Regulated? Blockchain technology has a brighter future than most digital currencies in general and Bitcoin in particular, judging from responses to... View Details
- 07 Apr 2008
- Research & Ideas
The Debate over Taxing Foreign Profits
don't really think about these firms in that way; that characterization would seem more apt for a hedge fund than Cummins. In reality, increased foreign activity by Cummins need not be associated with... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
- May 2011
- Article
Higher Risk, Lower Returns: What Hedge Fund Investors Really Earn
By: Ilia Dichev and Gwen Yu
The returns of hedge fund investors depend not only on the returns of the hedge funds they hold but also on the timing and magnitude of their capital flows in and out of the funds. We use dollar-weighted returns (a form of IRR) to assess the properties of actual... View Details
Dichev, Ilia, and Gwen Yu. "Higher Risk, Lower Returns: What Hedge Fund Investors Really Earn." Journal of Financial Economics 100, no. 2 (May 2011): 248–263.
- 05 Mar 2007
- Research & Ideas
Risky Business? Protecting Foreign Investments
Foreign investment in developing countries has always involved an element of risk. Just ask Verizon Communications, which could lose hundreds of millions of dollars in Venezuela should President Hugo Chávez follow through with plans... View Details
- 22 Sep 2020
- News
Hedge Funds Reject Central Banker Criticism on Volatility
- November 2008
- Journal Article
Financial Constraints and Growth: Multinational and Local Firm Responses to Currency Crises
By: Mihir A. Desai, C. Fritz Foley and Kristin Forbes
This paper examines how financial constraints and product market exposures determine the response of multinational and local firms to sharp depreciations. U.S. multinational affiliates increase sales, assets, and investment significantly more than local firms during,... View Details
Keywords: Economic Growth; Financial Crisis; Currency; Private Equity; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; United States
Desai, Mihir A., C. Fritz Foley, and Kristin Forbes. "Financial Constraints and Growth: Multinational and Local Firm Responses to Currency Crises." Review of Financial Studies 21, no. 6 (November 2008).
- February 1987 (Revised September 1991)
- Background Note
Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The
By: W. Carl Kester and Richard P. Melnick
Discusses the background of the foreign exchange market. This includes information about the participants and how the market operates. The problem set verses students in the arithmetic in the many common foreign exchange problems such as calculating forward premium and... View Details
Keywords: Financial Markets
Kester, W. Carl, and Richard P. Melnick. "Foreign Exchange Market, Background Note and Problem Set, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 287-033, February 1987. (Revised September 1991.)
- June 2019
- Article
Debt Redemption and Reserve Accumulation
By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
In the past decade, foreign participation in local-currency bond markets in emerging countries increased dramatically. We revisit sovereign debt sustainability under the assumptions that countries can accumulate reserves and borrow internationally using their own... View Details
Keywords: Sovereign Debt; Local-currency Bonds; Foreign Reserves; Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Bonds; Financial Markets; Developing Countries and Economies
Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Debt Redemption and Reserve Accumulation." IMF Economic Review 67, no. 2 (June 2019): 261–287. (Also NBER Working Paper No. 19098.)
- October 2005
- Teaching Note
Foreign Exchange Markets and Transactions (TN)
By: Mihir A. Desai and Kathleen Luchs
Keywords: Currency Exchange Rate
- January 1982
- Background Note
Exchange Rate Determination and Foreign Exchange Equilibrium Conditions, Study Note
By: Thomas R. Piper
Piper, Thomas R. "Exchange Rate Determination and Foreign Exchange Equilibrium Conditions, Study Note." Harvard Business School Background Note 282-052, January 1982.
- June 2023
- Article
Why Is Dollar Debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru
By: Bryan Gutiérrez, Victoria Ivashina and Juliana Salomao
In emerging markets, a significant share of corporate loans are denominated in dollars. Using novel data that enables us to see currency and the cost of credit, in addition to several other transaction-level characteristics, we re-examine the reasons behind dollar... View Details
Keywords: Emerging Market Corporate Debt; Currency Mismatch; Liability Dollarization; Carry Trade; Currency; Emerging Markets; Borrowing and Debt; Interest Rates; Peru
Gutiérrez, Bryan, Victoria Ivashina, and Juliana Salomao. "Why Is Dollar Debt Cheaper? Evidence from Peru." Journal of Financial Economics 148, no. 3 (June 2023): 245–272.