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- All HBS Web (2,659)
- Faculty Publications (911)
- 1998
- Working Paper
CEO Incentives and Firm Size
By: Brian Hall and George P. Baker
What determines CEO incentives? A confusion exists among both academics and practitioners about how to measure the strength of CEO incentives, and how to reconcile the enormous differences in pay sensitivities between executives in large and small firms. We show that... View Details
Keywords: Business Ventures; Motivation and Incentives; Executive Compensation; Size; Management Systems
Hall, Brian, and George P. Baker. "CEO Incentives and Firm Size." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 6868, December 1998.
- 2008
- Working Paper
The Decentering of the Global Firm
By: Mihir A. Desai
This paper describes recent changes in the relationship between firms and nation states. Firms are typically linked to the nation in which they began and are considered to have fixed national identities. While firms have reallocated various activities around the world... View Details
Keywords: Business Headquarters; Geographic Location; Globalized Firms and Management; Policy; Business and Government Relations
Desai, Mihir A. "The Decentering of the Global Firm." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-054, October 2008.
- 2014
- Working Paper
Private Equity's Diversification Illusion: Economic Comovement and Fair Value Reporting
By: Kyle Travis Welch
This study examines how accounting has informed private equity diversification claims and demand for private equity investments. Despite research showing private equity lacks portfolio diversification benefits, those marketing private equity assets continue to... View Details
Keywords: Fair Value; Access To Capital; IAS 39; FAS No. 157; FASB; IASB; ASC 820; Covariance Risk; Accounting Beta; Accounting; Private Sector; Valuation; Corporate Finance; Asset Management; Cost of Capital; Private Equity; Accounting Industry; Financial Services Industry; Europe; North and Central America
Welch, Kyle Travis. "Private Equity's Diversification Illusion: Economic Comovement and Fair Value Reporting." Working Paper, January 2014.
- November 2015
- Article
Cannibalization and Option Value Effects of Secondary Markets: Evidence from the U.S. Concert Industry
By: Victor Manuel Bennett, Robert Seamans and Feng Zhu
We examine how reducing search frictions in secondary markets affects the value appropriated by firms in primary markets. We characterize two effects on primary market firms caused by intermediaries entering secondary markets: the "cannibalization" and "option value"... View Details
Keywords: Cannibalization Effect; Option Value Effect; Secondary Markets; Concert Industry; Craigslist; Competition; Distribution Channels; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
Bennett, Victor Manuel, Robert Seamans, and Feng Zhu. "Cannibalization and Option Value Effects of Secondary Markets: Evidence from the U.S. Concert Industry." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1599–1614.
- 15 Jul 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries
- Research Summary
Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation
By: Laura Alfaro
We develop an incomplete-contracts model to jointly study firm boundaries and the allocation of decision rights within them. Integration has an option value: it gives firm owners authority to delegate or centralize decision rights, depending on who can best solve... View Details
- February 2024
- Article
Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation
By: Laura Alfaro, Nick Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew F. Newman, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
We develop an incomplete-contracts model to jointly study firm boundaries and the allocation of decision rights within them. Integration has an option value: it gives firm owners authority to delegate or centralize decision rights, depending on who can best solve... View Details
Alfaro, Laura, Nick Bloom, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, Patrick Legros, Andrew F. Newman, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Come Together: Firm Boundaries and Delegation." Journal of the European Economic Association 22, no. 1 (February 2024): 34–72.
- 2017
- Chapter
Marketing Models for the Customer-Centric Firm
By: Eva Ascarza, Peter S. Fader and Bruce G.S. Hardie
A customer-centric firm takes the view that there are three key drivers of (organic) growth and overall profitability: Customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer development (i.e., increasing the value of each existing customer (per unit of time) while they... View Details
Ascarza, Eva, Peter S. Fader, and Bruce G.S. Hardie. "Marketing Models for the Customer-Centric Firm." In Handbook of Marketing Decision Models. 2nd ed. Edited by Berend Wierenga and Ralf van der Lans, 297–330. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Springer, 2017.
- January 2001
- Case
Valuing Project Achieve
By: Mihir A. Desai and Kathleen Luchs
Project Achieve is a start-up providing information management solutions for schools. Its founders see a need for software both to manage the volumes of information necessary to administer a school and to connect parents, teachers, and students in a more effective way.... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Valuation; Venture Capital; Cost of Capital; Cash Flow; Forecasting and Prediction
Desai, Mihir A., and Kathleen Luchs. "Valuing Project Achieve." Harvard Business School Case 201-080, January 2001.
- 2015
- Working Paper
What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?
By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov
We survey 79 private equity investors with combined assets under management (AUM) of over $750 billion about their practices in firm valuation, capital structure, governance, and value creation. Investors rely primarily on internal rate of return (IRR) and multiples to... View Details
Keywords: Governance; Value Creation; Private Equity; Capital Structure; Valuation; Management Practices and Processes
Gompers, Paul A., Steven N. Kaplan, and Vladimir Mukharlyamov. "What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-081, April 2015.
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Value of Open Source Software
By: Manuel Hoffmann, Frank Nagle and Yanuo Zhou
The value of a non-pecuniary (free) product is inherently difficult to assess. A pervasive
example is open source software (OSS), a global public good that plays a vital role in the economy
and is foundational for most technology we use today. However, it is... View Details
Hoffmann, Manuel, Frank Nagle, and Yanuo Zhou. "The Value of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-038, January 2024.
- 23 Nov 2011
- Working Paper Summaries
The Organization of Firms Across Countries
- January–February 2022
- Article
Operational Disruptions, Firm Risk, and Control Systems
By: William Schmidt and Ananth Raman
Operational disruptions can impact a firm's risk, which manifests in a host of operational issues, including a higher holding cost for inventory, a higher financing cost for capacity expansion, and a higher perception of the firm's risk among its supply chain partners.... View Details
Keywords: Operational Risk; Operational Disruptions; Information Asymmetry; Control Systems; Operations; Disruption; Risk Management
Schmidt, William, and Ananth Raman. "Operational Disruptions, Firm Risk, and Control Systems." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 1 (January–February 2022): 411–429.
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Supplement
E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms
By: Ayelet Israeli and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn
The E-Commerce Analytics group at the traditional CPG firm was in charge of compiling various online sales reports, as well as making data-driven recommendations for sales and marketing tactics. In a series of exercises, students address different data challenges for... View Details
Keywords: Data; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Data Sharing; CPG; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Delivery Planning; Customer Lifetime Value; Online Channel; Retail; Retail Analytics; Retailing Industry; Ecommerce; Grocery; Grocery Delivery; Margins; Retention; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
- 2024
- Working Paper
The Value of AI Innovations
By: Wilbur Xinyuan Chen, Terrence Tianshuo Shi and Suraj Srinivasan
We study the value of AI innovations as it diffuses across general and application sectors, using the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) AI patent dataset. Investors value these innovations more than others, as AI patents exhibit a 9% value premium,... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Valuation; Technological Innovation; Open Source Distribution; Patents; Policy; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Industry
Chen, Wilbur Xinyuan, Terrence Tianshuo Shi, and Suraj Srinivasan. "The Value of AI Innovations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-069, May 2024.
- 2022
- Chapter
Interrogating Corporate Purpose: Values Based Firms and the Struggle to Build a Just and Sustainable World
Book Abstract: Defining a just economy in a tenuous social-political time. If we can agree that our current social-political moment is tenuous and unsustainable—and indeed, that may be the only thing we can agree on right now—then how do markets, governments, and... View Details
Henderson, Rebecca. "Firms, Morality, and the Search for a Better World." Chap. 7 in A Political Economy of Justice, edited by Danielle Allen, Yochai Benkler, Leah Downey, Rebecca Henderson, and Joshua Simons, 187–209. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
- January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
- Exercise
E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms
By: Ayelet Israeli and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn
The E-Commerce Analytics group at the traditional CPG firm was in charge of compiling various online sales reports, as well as making data-driven recommendations for sales and marketing tactics. In a series of exercises, students address different data challenges for... View Details
Keywords: Data; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Data Sharing; CPG; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Delivery Planning; Customer Lifetime Value; Online Channel; Retail; Retail Analytics; Retailing Industry; Ecommerce; Grocery; Grocery Delivery; Margins; Analytics and Data Science; Retention; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
Israeli, Ayelet, and Fedor (Ted) Lisitsyn. "E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms." Harvard Business School Exercise 521-080, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
- June 2012
- Article
Pricing to Create Shared Value
By: Marco Bertini and John T. Gourville
Many companies are in competition with their customers to extract as much value as possible from every transaction. Pricing is their weapon of choice, and consumers fight back by rooting out and disseminating pricing policies that seem unfair. The problem is that... View Details
Keywords: Pricing; Marketing Strategy; Price; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Relationship Management; Value Creation; Fairness
Bertini, Marco, and John T. Gourville. "Pricing to Create Shared Value." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 6 (June 2012): 96–104.
- 19 Jan 2011
- Research & Ideas
Activist Board Members Increase Firm’s Market Value
write in their report. Firms in which historically activist institutions held significant ownership stakes lost considerable value on the announcement: a drop in 55 basis points for a 10 percentage point... View Details
Keywords: by Carmen Nobel
- September 2010 (Revised August 2011)
- Background Note
Pricing, Profits, and Customer Value
By: Frank V. Cespedes, Benson P. Shapiro and Elliot B. Ross
This note discusses how some firms (start-ups and established companies) maximize customer value and profits via their pricing processes. It is aimed at companies that compete on the basis of performance initiatives rather than absolute cost advantages and low price.... View Details
Keywords: Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Value and Value Chain; Cost; Price; Profit; Performance Effectiveness; Sales; Competitive Strategy
Cespedes, Frank V., Benson P. Shapiro, and Elliot B. Ross. "Pricing, Profits, and Customer Value." Harvard Business School Background Note 811-016, September 2010. (Revised August 2011.)