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  • All HBS Web  (124)
    • News  (5)
    • Research  (111)
    • Events  (1)
  • Faculty Publications  (58)

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  • All HBS Web  (124)
    • News  (5)
    • Research  (111)
    • Events  (1)
  • Faculty Publications  (58)
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  • Article

Can India Overtake China?

By: Yasheng Huang and Tarun Khanna
What's the fastest route to economic development? Welcome foreign direct investment (FDI), says China, and most policy experts agree. But a comparison with long-time laggard India suggests that FDI is not the only path to prosperity. Indeed, India's homegrown... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Foreign Direct Investment; China; India
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Huang, Yasheng, and Tarun Khanna. "Can India Overtake China?" Foreign Policy, no. 137 (July–August 2003): 74–81.
  • November 2007 (Revised January 2013)
  • Case

Indonesia: Attracting Foreign Investment

By: Michael E. Porter and Christian H.M. Ketels
Describes the economic development of Indonesia from independence after World War II to 2006 and the post-Suharto period. The coverage of the post-Suharto period provides evidence of how political and economic conditions are intertwined after a change in the political... View Details
Keywords: History; Situation or Environment; Competitive Strategy; Emerging Markets; Policy; Foreign Direct Investment; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; Indonesia
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Porter, Michael E., and Christian H.M. Ketels. "Indonesia: Attracting Foreign Investment." Harvard Business School Case 708-420, November 2007. (Revised January 2013.)
  • December 2007
  • Article

Learning to Live with Governments: Unilever in India and Turkey, 1950-1980

By: G. Jones
A noteworthy characteristic of the contemporary global economy is the uneven distribution of world foreign direct investment (FDI). In 2007 three-quarters of world FDI was located in developed countries. The residual was concentrated in a small number of emerging... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Ethics; Foreign Direct Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Consumer Products Industry; India; Turkey
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Jones, G. "Learning to Live with Governments: Unilever in India and Turkey, 1950-1980." Entreprises et histoire 49 (December 2007).
  • September 2013 (Revised January 2015)
  • Case

Wal-Mart Lobbying in India?

By: Karthik Ramanna and Vidhya Muthuram
In 2012, as part of a routine disclosure under U.S. law, Wal-Mart revealed it had spent $25 million since 2008 on lobbying to "enhance market access for investment in India." This disclosure, which came weeks after the Indian government made a controversial decision to... View Details
Keywords: Lobbying; India; Multinational Corporations; Business and Government Relations; Crime and Corruption; Retail Industry; India
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Ramanna, Karthik, and Vidhya Muthuram. "Wal-Mart Lobbying in India?" Harvard Business School Case 114-023, September 2013. (Revised January 2015.)
  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Multinationals and Varieties of Capitalism: When U.S. Giants Stepped into the Swiss Coordinated Labor Market in the 1950s

By: Sabine Pitteloud
This working paper investigates unintended consequences of U.S. FDI in Switzerland in the 1950s-1960s: the increased competition that U.S. firms generated within the national labor market and the challenge their hiring practices constituted for the institutional... View Details
Keywords: Multinationals; Capitalism; Business & Government Relations; Foreign Direct Investment; Immigration Policy; History; Switzerland; Americanization; R&D; Labor History; Labor Market Institutions; Tax Havens; "USA,"; Business Interest Association; Lobbying; Labor and Management Relations; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management
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Pitteloud, Sabine. "Multinationals and Varieties of Capitalism: When U.S. Giants Stepped into the Swiss Coordinated Labor Market in the 1950s." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-075, June 2022.
  • 2010
  • Working Paper

Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries

By: Diego A. Comin, Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha and Luis Serven
We build a two-country asymmetric DSGE model with two features: (i) endogenous and slow diffusion of technologies from the developed to the developing country, and (ii) adjustment costs to investment flows. We calibrate the model to match the Mexico-U.S. trade and FDI... View Details
Keywords: Business Cycles; Developing Countries and Economies; Trade; International Finance; Foreign Direct Investment; Mathematical Methods; Mexico; United States
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Comin, Diego A., Norman Loayza, Farooq Pasha, and Luis Serven. "Medium Term Business Cycles in Developing Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-029, October 2009. (Revise and resubmit at the American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.)
  • Research Summary

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages (with Areendam Chanda, Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan and Selin Sayek)

By: Laura Alfaro
The empirical literature finds mixed evidence on the existence of positive productivity externalities in the host country generated by foreign multinational companies. We propose a novel mechanism, which emphasizes the role of local financial markets in enabling... View Details
  • December 2009
  • Article

Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment

By: Laura Alfaro and Andrew Charlton
We use a new firm-level dataset that establishes the location, ownership, and activity of 650,000 multinational subsidiaries. Using a combination of four-digit-level information and input-output tables, we find the share of vertical FDI (subsidiaries that provide... View Details
Keywords: Business Subsidiaries; Competency and Skills; Foreign Direct Investment; Geographic Location; Multinational Firms and Management; Industry Structures; Production
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Alfaro, Laura, and Andrew Charlton. "Intra-Industry Foreign Direct Investment." American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 2009): 2096–2119. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 08-018 and NBER Working Paper No. 13447.)
  • 18 May 2009
  • Research & Ideas

The Unseen Link Between Savings and National Growth

It is commonly accepted in economic circles that a country can grow faster by making key investments in sectors such as technology and in R&D and human or physical capital. But can a country also grow by saving more? A recent working paper finds a strong... View Details
Keywords: by Sarah Jane Gilbert
  • 2017
  • Chapter

Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?

By: Laura Alfaro
Among the prominent economic trends in recent decades is the exponential increase in flows of goods and capital driven by technological progress and a falling number of restrictions. A key driver of this phenomenon has been the cross-border production, foreign... View Details
Keywords: Multinational Activity; Growth; Spillovers; Complementarities; Foreign Direct Investment; Emerging Markets; Growth and Development; Multinational Firms and Management
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Alfaro, Laura. "Multinational Activity in Emerging Markets: How and When Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Growth?" In Geography, Location, and Strategy. Vol. 36, edited by Juan Alcácer, Bruce Kogut, Catherine Thomas, and Bernard Yin Yeung, 429–462. Advances in Strategic Management. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2017.
  • 19 Mar 2007
  • Research & Ideas

Handicapping the Best Countries for Business

If you are an executive of a multinational looking for geographies in which to expand your markets, operations, and investments, is China more attractive than India? South Africa better than Mexico? Does Russia have more promise than the United States? The answer you... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
  • November 2022
  • Technical Note

National Security and Transnational Capitalism

By: Meg Rithmire
Though the relationship between national security and transnational commerce had long been interrogated and contested, the 2020s saw the escalation of concerns about insecurity and interdependence. These concerns manifested in a suite of institutional innovations and... View Details
Keywords: Capitalism; National Security; Globalization
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Rithmire, Meg. "National Security and Transnational Capitalism." Harvard Business School Technical Note 723-016, November 2022.
  • 29 Jun 2010
  • First Look

First Look: June 29

explore three distinct channels through which FDI affects establishment performance: (i) production linkages, (ii) financial linkages, and (iii) multinational networks. Our analysis shows that while multinational-owned establishments... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Point Four and the Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States during the Early Cold War

By: Melanie Sheehan
This article traces business influence in the formulation of the Point Four technical assistance program, the first US Cold War-era international development program. It focuses specifically on business interest associations’ efforts to secure federal incentives to... View Details
Keywords: Point Four Program; Business Interest Association; International Development; Cold War; Foreign Direct Investment; Business History; Business and Government Relations
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Sheehan, Melanie. "Point Four and the Politics of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States during the Early Cold War." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-078, June 2023.
  • 26 Nov 2008
  • Working Paper Summaries

Spanning the Institutional Abyss: The Intergovernmental Network and the Governance of Foreign Direct Investment

Keywords: by Juan Alcacer & Paul Ingram
  • July 2005 (Revised March 2010)
  • Case

Foreign Direct Investment and Ireland's Tiger Economy (A)

By: Laura Alfaro, Vinati Dev and Stephen McIntyre
Describes Ireland's transformation from one of Europe's poorest countries to one of its richest in just 10 years, earning it the title Celtic Tiger. The spectacular story of growth and recovery is attributed, in large part, to foreign direct investment (FDI),... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Macroeconomics; Foreign Direct Investment; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Republic of Ireland
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Alfaro, Laura, Vinati Dev, and Stephen McIntyre. "Foreign Direct Investment and Ireland's Tiger Economy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 706-007, July 2005. (Revised March 2010.)
  • June 2009
  • Journal Article

Taxes, Institutions and Foreign Diversification Opportunities

By: Mihir Desai and Dhammika Dharmapala
Investors can access foreign diversification opportunities through either foreign portfolio investment (FPI) or foreign direct investment (FDI). The worldwide tax regime employed by the U.S. potentially distorts this choice by penalizing FDI, relative to FPI, in... View Details
Keywords: International Finance; Foreign Direct Investment; Investment Portfolio; Multinational Firms and Management; Taxation; Diversification; United States
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Desai, Mihir, and Dhammika Dharmapala. "Taxes, Institutions and Foreign Diversification Opportunities." Journal of Public Economics 93, nos. 5-6 (June 2009): 703–714.
  • January 2001
  • Background Note

Country Analysis in a "Global Village"

By: Bruce R. Scott
Substantially rewritten to establish the relevance of countries in the global context. It does so in terms of their differing economic performance in recent decades, and also by contrasting those that have "converged" toward the rich country norm (as theory would... View Details
Keywords: Globalized Economies and Regions; Macroeconomics; Trade; Business Strategy; Performance Evaluation; Industry Growth; Currency; Policy; Development Economics
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Scott, Bruce R. Country Analysis in a "Global Village". Harvard Business School Background Note 701-074, January 2001.
  • Research Summary

Multinationals and Linkages: an Empirical Investigation (joint with Andres Rodriguez-Clare)

By: Laura Alfaro
Several recent papers have used plant-level data and panel econometric techniques to carefully explore the existence FDI externalities. One conclusion that emerges from this literature is that it is difficult to find evidence of positive externalities from... View Details
  • 2013
  • Working Paper

Learning from Double-Digit Growth Experiences

By: Eric D. Werker
This extended memorandum identifies episodes of sustained double-digit growth in real GDP, defined as a compound annual growth rate of 10 percent or more over a period of 8 years or longer. Using a measure of real GDP reported in the World Development Indicators, we... View Details
Keywords: Growth; Liberia
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Werker, Eric D. "Learning from Double-Digit Growth Experiences." International Growth Centre Working Paper, April 2013.
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