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  • January 15, 2019
  • Article

Is Your Company's Strategy Aligned with Your Ownership Model?

By: Josh Baron
The legacy of Vanguard founder John Bogle has brought attention to the transformative influence of ownership structures within the business world. Bogle's revolutionary insight into the limitations of active fund management led to the widespread adoption of index... View Details
Keywords: Ownership Type; Business Strategy; Organizational Structure; Strength and Weakness; Competitive Advantage
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  • 16 Oct 2023
  • HBS Case

Advancing Black Talent: From the Flight Ramp to 'Family-Sustaining' Careers at Delta

scale and create those [inclusive] pipes at the time.” So, in 2017, Bastian began a fresh strategy to advance underrepresented groups’ access to jobs at Delta. This included the launch of the Propel Collegiate Pilot Career Path Program,... View Details
Keywords: by Lane Lambert; Air Transportation
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

Government, Business and Making China an Educational Powerhouse Since the 1980s

By: Geoffrey Jones, Yuan Jia-Zheng, Yuhai Wu and Qianru Wang
This article examines how China successfully built a highly competent K-12 education system since the 1980s achieving high literacy rates, broad basic education and gender equality. It argues that this success was driven by a strategy of blending public and private... View Details
Keywords: Early Childhood Education; Secondary Education; Literacy; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Business and Government Relations; Policy; Education Industry; China
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Credit and the Family: The Economic Consequences of Closing the Credit Gap of U.S. Couples

By: Olivia S. Kim
Marital property rights strengthen secondary earners’ economic power by giving them access to credit markets. I study how this crucial yet understudied feature of property laws influences household decision-making. The 2013 reversal of the Truth-in-Lending Act... View Details
Keywords: Household; Credit; Equality and Inequality; Income; Policy; Family and Family Relationships
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  • May 2025 (Revised May 2025)
  • Background Note

Social Enterprise in Latin America

By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
Keywords: Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America
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  • 01 Jun 2023
  • HBS Case

A Nike Executive Hid His Criminal Past to Turn His Life Around. What If He Didn't Have To?

imprisoned come from predominantly minority communities. In 2018, Black Americans were incarcerated in state prisons at nearly six times the rate of White Americans, research shows. Many prison reform advocates say long-standing disparities, such as racial segregation,... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman; Apparel & Accessories
  • 21 May 2024
  • Research & Ideas

What the Rise of Far-Right Politics Says About the Economy in an Election Year

limits how much debt Italy can hold. So, the [far right] solution of limiting access to public services by excluding immigrants becomes more appealing to many voters. That helps explain why weak public service provision can lead to higher... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne
  • 17 Feb 2020
  • Sharpening Your Skills

How Entrepreneurs Can Find the Right Problem to Solve

discovery to validate a problem but don’t yet have a product, my follow-up question is: “How do you know people or companies will use your product?” Answers are equally discouraging. More often than not, I hear examples of interest tests,... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Austin
  • Article

Health Equity, Schooling Hesitancy, and the Social Determinants of Learning

By: Meira Levinson, Alan C. Geller, Joseph G. Allen and John D. Macomber
At least 62 million K-12 students in North America—disproportionately low-income children of color— have been physically out of school for over a year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These children are at risk of significant academic, social, mental, and physical harm... View Details
Keywords: COVID-19; Public Health; Air Quality; Social Determinants Of Health; Schooling Hesitancy; Vaccine Hesitancy; Racial Injustice; Inequity; Inequality; Health Pandemics; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Policy; Race; Equality and Inequality
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  • 18 Jun 2020
  • Research & Ideas

What Is an "Essential" Purchase for a Low-Income Family?

Do lower-income families need and deserve access to fewer things than everyone else? As a society, we seem to think so, revealing a "grim double standard," finds a study published this month, Inequality in Socially Permissible... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne
  • 15 May 2012
  • First Look

First Look: May 15

and Josh Lerner Abstract An abstract is unavailable at this time. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/12-099.pdf Why Do We Redistribute So Much but Tag So Little? The Principle of Equal Sacrifice and Optimal Taxation... View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities

By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in... View Details
Keywords: Racial Disparity; Paycheck Protection Program; Measurement Error; AI and Machine Learning; Race; Measurement and Metrics; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Forecasting and Prediction; Outcome or Result
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  • March 2023 (Revised June 2025)
  • Case

Close Concerns: Diabetes Research and Advocacy

By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Brian L. Walker
Diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 18, Kelly Close understood the importance of balancing consistency and iteration. This principle had also informed her professional work, which started with a rapid promotion from financial analyst at Goldman Sachs to an analyst... View Details
Keywords: Diabetes; Health; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Industry; Knowledge Dissemination; Outcome or Result; Equality and Inequality; Business Model; Entrepreneurship
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  • February 2016
  • Article

Unearned Status Gain: Evidence from a Global Language Mandate

By: Tsedal Neeley and Tracy Dumas
Theories of status rarely address unearned status gain—an unexpected and unsolicited increase in relative standing, prestige, or worth, attained not through individual effort or achievement, but from a shift in organizationally valued characteristics. We build theory... View Details
Keywords: Status and Position; Equality and Inequality; Spoken Communication; Organizations; Japan; United States
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  • 27 Jan 2020
  • Research & Ideas

Hard Work Isn't Enough: How to Find Your Edge

We’re told that the secret to success is hard work. But the truth is, hard work alone doesn’t always pay off. After all, career advancement isn’t always neatly tied to your skills, effort, or even the quality of your work. Some people gain easier View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 31 Aug 2015
  • Research & Ideas

How Ben Franklin’s ‘Way to Wealth’ Introduced American Capitalism to the World

repetitive read that made it accessible to a broad audience—just the opposite of Adam Smith’s voluminous The Wealth of Nations, which was published in expensive folios and directed at scholars and elites. Influence broader than thought... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
  • 17 Dec 2018
  • Research & Ideas

Women Receive Harsher Punishment at Work Than Men

from our findings that managers are necessarily aware of this bias,” he says. “It could be conscious or unconscious. Just seeing this information and being aware of the bias could help both men and women act more fairly.” After all, he notes, firms have View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding; Financial Services
  • 20 Apr 2011
  • Research & Ideas

Blind Spots: We’re Not as Ethical as We Think

and actual behavior, according to the authors. The rapidly developing field of behavioral ethics has described a decision-making process whereby we recognize what we should do—give equal weight to job candidates of all races, for... View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
  • 20 Aug 2020
  • Book

From the Plow to the Pill: How Technology Shapes Our Lives

of history. Until very recently, most women were spending most of their time either pregnant, trying to become pregnant, or trying not to become pregnant. In the 20th century, widespread access to contraception finally freed women from... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 21 May 2013
  • First Look

First Look: May 21

https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=44797 The Rich Get Richer: Enabling Conditions for Knowledge Use in Organizational Work Teams By: Valentine, Melissa, Bradley R. Staats, and Amy C. Edmondson Abstract—Individuals benefit from accessing... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

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