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- All HBS Web (1,185)
- Faculty Publications (273)
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- September 2023
- Background Note
Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy
By: Willy Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
This background note describes the Amager Bakke waste-to-energy (WtE) plant in Copenhagen, which merges traditional waste incineration with a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and air pollution control (scrubbing) technology, and had plans to add carbon dioxide (CO2)... View Details
Keywords: Decarbonization; Innovation; Innovation Focused Strategy; Environmental Operations; Circular; Waste Heat Recovery; Waste Management; Carbon Regulation; Buildings and Facilities; Energy Generation; Environmental Sustainability; Pollution; Climate Change; Wastes and Waste Processing; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Energy Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; Europe; European Union
Shih, Willy, Michael W. Toffel, and Kelsey Carter. "Amager Bakke: Municipal Waste to Energy." Harvard Business School Background Note 624-040, September 2023.
- December 1983 (Revised July 1988)
- Case
General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (A)
By: David A. Garvin
GE is considering introducing a "just-in-time" production system to reduce inventory in its thermocouple manufacturing area. The case presents students with a description of the present inventory management system, the production process, and the perspectives of... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Time Management; Production; Supply Chain; Perspective; Energy Industry; Energy Industry
Garvin, David A. "General Electric--Thermocouple Manufacturing (A)." Harvard Business School Case 684-040, December 1983. (Revised July 1988.)
- 18 Mar 2024
- Research & Ideas
When It Comes to Climate Regulation, Energy Companies Take a More Nuanced View
Common wisdom holds that oil and gas companies, electric utilities, and other industries known for their large carbon emissions generally oppose clean energy policies. Now, a study of corporate advocacy spanning 30 years reveals that many companies are more flexible... View Details
- November 2011
- Teaching Note
Duke Energy and the Nuclear Renaissance (TN)
Keywords: Energy Generation
- December 2019 (Revised January 2021)
- Supplement
The Leveraged Buyout of TXU: (B) Energy Future Holdings
By: Trevor Fetter, Erik Snowberg and Rebecca M. Henderson
This case is designed to support a lively discussion about the relative merits of shareholder vs. stakeholder perspectives in the context of a company that provides a vital public service that has important environmental implications. The 2007 purchase of TXU, the... View Details
Keywords: Leveraged Buyouts; Transformation; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Environmental Sustainability; Business and Shareholder Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Energy Generation; Utilities Industry; Energy Industry; Texas
Fetter, Trevor, Erik Snowberg, and Rebecca M. Henderson. "The Leveraged Buyout of TXU: (B) Energy Future Holdings." Harvard Business School Supplement 320-065, December 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
- Teaching Interest
Overview
21st Century Energy — Dr Crawford teaches this EC course, which exposes students to business models and management diilemmas, all along the energy value chain — from oil sands and pipelines, to coal and natural gas, hydro and nuclear, wind and solar, to biofuels. The... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Energy Efficiency; Energy Storage; Governance; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Energy Sources; Resource Allocation; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Ethics; Competitive Strategy; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Europe; Asia; United States
- November 2011
- Case
Envision Charlotte: Building an Energy Cluster (Abridged)
By: William W. George
George, William W. "Envision Charlotte: Building an Energy Cluster (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 412-087, November 2011.
- December 2024
- Case
Enerjisa Üretim: The Digital Era of Electricity Generation
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Sadika El Hariri
Launched in 2017, Enerjisa Üretim was one of Türkiye’s largest private sector electricity companies. In its early days, the company faced some financial and operational troubles. When İhsan Erbil Bayçöl, the current CEO of Enerjisa Üretim, joined the business in 2018,... View Details
Keywords: Turkey
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Sadika El Hariri. "Enerjisa Üretim: The Digital Era of Electricity Generation." Harvard Business School Case 625-022, December 2024.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Quality-Adjusted-Power: How to Decide Where to Site Renewables
By: Vishrut Rana, Christian Kaps and Serguei Netessine
Problem definition: Investments in renewable energy have surged worldwide in recent years, with over $2 trillion spent globally on clean energy. This surge was driven by growing policy support, concerns about energy security, and, most importantly, the cost... View Details
Keywords: Wind Power; Electricity Distribution; Renewable Energy; Profit; Investment Return; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Geographic Location; Revenue; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry
Rana, Vishrut, Christian Kaps, and Serguei Netessine. "When Where Watt: Harnessing the Value of Time and Location for Renewable Electricity Generation." Working Paper, January 2025.
- August 2024 (Revised November 2024)
- Case
Commonwealth Fusion Systems: Born at Scale
This case study chronicles the journey of Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) on its ambitious mission to commercialize fusion energy and become the world’s leading provider of fusion power plants. Emerging from a “special arrangement” with MIT's Plasma Science and... View Details
Keywords: Nuclear Energy; Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial Finance; Energy Generation; Commercialization; Science-Based Business; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Energy Industry
Krieger, Joshua Lev, Jim Matheson, Kyle Myers, Gunnar Trumbull, and Richard Vietor. "Commonwealth Fusion Systems: Born at Scale." Harvard Business School Case 825-061, August 2024. (Revised November 2024.)
- November 2012 (Revised April 2013)
- Case
Colbún and the Future of Chile's Power
By: Forest Reinhardt and Shon R. Hiatt
This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,... View Details
Keywords: Energy; Chile; Environmental Protection; Energy Generation; Energy Industry; South America; Chile
Reinhardt, Forest, and Shon R. Hiatt. "Colbún and the Future of Chile's Power ." Harvard Business School Case 713-047, November 2012. (Revised April 2013.)
- July 2024 (Revised December 2024)
- Background Note
District Heating: An Overview
By: Willy Shih and Michael W. Toffel
This note provides an overview of district heating: systems in which central plants generate heat that is conveyed by steam or water through a set of insulated pipes to send heat to residential and/or commercial buildings. It describes key elements of the system (heat... View Details
Keywords: Decarbonization; Climate Change; Energy Efficiency; Energy Storage; Energy Transmission; Construction; Energy; Buildings and Facilities; Energy Industry; Denmark; Europe; United States
Shih, Willy, and Michael W. Toffel. "District Heating: An Overview." Harvard Business School Background Note 625-008, July 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
- May 2023
- Case
Natural Gas in New England
By: Robin Greenwood, Richard S. Ruback and Gil Highet
Participants in the New England power market are exploring several strategies to meet the region's renewable power goals while also providing its residents with inexpensive and reliable electricity and heating fuel. New England was a first-mover into natural gas power... View Details
Greenwood, Robin, Richard S. Ruback, and Gil Highet. "Natural Gas in New England." Harvard Business School Case 223-094, May 2023.
- November 1995 (Revised November 1999)
- Case
National Power and the Privatization of the British Power Generation Industry
By: Willis M. Emmons III and Ed Simnett
The British government privatized the nation's electric utility sector in 1991 through a complex process involving the restructuring of the industry as well as the creation of a new regulatory oversight body. National Power plc, the largest of the privatized power... View Details
Keywords: Restructuring; Trade; Energy Generation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Markets; Monopoly; Privatization; Opportunities; Diversification; Expansion; Energy Industry; Energy Industry
Emmons, Willis M., III, and Ed Simnett. "National Power and the Privatization of the British Power Generation Industry." Harvard Business School Case 796-066, November 1995. (Revised November 1999.)
- May 2004
- Article
Was Electricity a General Purpose Technology: Evidence from Historical Patent Citations
By: Tom Nicholas and Petra Moser
Nicholas, Tom, and Petra Moser. "Was Electricity a General Purpose Technology: Evidence from Historical Patent Citations." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 94, no. 2 (May 2004).
- May 2018 (Revised October 2018)
- Case
Argentina Power—Don't Cry for Me Argentina
By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Sayiddah Fatima McCree
In 2016, Bruce Wayne, Managing Director of Energy Finance Corporation (“EFC”), was refining the Investment/Credit Committee materials for the development of up to 10 power generating plants in Argentina. As a subsidiary of the much larger International Conglomerate... View Details
Keywords: Cross Border; Energy Markets; Infrastructure Finance; Infrastructure Development; Business Subsidiaries; Business Cycles; Macroeconomics; Energy Generation; International Finance; Project Finance; Government and Politics; Demand and Consumers; Infrastructure; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Energy Industry; Argentina; Latin America
Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Sayiddah Fatima McCree. "Argentina Power—Don't Cry for Me Argentina." Harvard Business School Case 218-041, May 2018. (Revised October 2018.)
- May 2020
- Case
Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight?
By: Stephen A. Greyser and William Ellet
Four college friends market a beverage that combines ingredients like those in a drink they consumed in college bars. It includes a caffeinated energy drink, malt liquor, and a soft drink flavoring. They launch the business, Big Boom Beverages (BBB), with their own... View Details
Keywords: Alcoholic Beverages; Energy Drinks; Regulation; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Marketing Communications; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Reputation; Communication Strategy; Decision Making
Greyser, Stephen A., and William Ellet. "Big Boom Beverages: Fight or Flight?" Harvard Business School Brief Case 920-557, May 2020.
- 2013
- Working Paper
Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Waste Heat Recovery
By: Chonnikarn Fern Jira and Deishin Lee
Waste heat recovery is a proven technology for improving energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of energy-intensive manufacturing firms. However, evidence suggests that opportunities for recovering waste heat are untapped. By showing how the process... View Details
- April 2021
- Teaching Note
GreenFire Energy, 2020: Geothermal Innovation
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
In June 2020, after ten years of effort, GreenFire Energy Inc. (GreenFire) demonstrated its new geothermal electricity generation technology, ECO2G™. While conventional geothermal electricity only supplied 0.5% of US demand, the new technology promised to increase this... View Details
- January 2023 (Revised December 2023)
- Case
OhmConnect: Energizing the Future
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Jennifer Fonstad and Nicole Tempest Keller
Founded in 2013, OhmConnect was a free consumer web app that alerted customers about peak hours of electricity demand, and paid them to lower their energy use at home during these periods. The company sold the aggregated reductions generated by thousands of households... View Details
Keywords: App Development; Renewable Energy; Electricity Usage; Regulations; VC; Technology; Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC); Scalability; Applications and Software; Growth and Development Strategy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business Model; Venture Capital; Energy Industry; United States; California; Texas; Europe
Rayport, Jeffrey F., Jennifer Fonstad, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "OhmConnect: Energizing the Future." Harvard Business School Case 823-065, January 2023. (Revised December 2023.)