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      • Faculty Publications  (68)

      Decision AvoidanceRemove Decision Avoidance →

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      • December 2014 (Revised November 2023)
      • Case

      Codecademy: Monetizing a Movement?

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Lisa C. Mazzanti
      Codecademy, an open-platform, online community for learning computer programming, launched in 2011. By 2014, the company had raised a total of $12.5 million in funding and was, on many fronts, an overwhelming success. However, there were still no revenues. The founders... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Startup Management; Technology; Computer Programming; Coding; Online Education; Monetization; Online Communities; Marketplaces; Internet and the Web; Education; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Technology Industry; Education Industry
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Lisa C. Mazzanti. "Codecademy: Monetizing a Movement?" Harvard Business School Case 815-093, December 2014. (Revised November 2023.)
      • 2014
      • Article

      Morality Rebooted: Exploring Simple Fixes to Our Moral Bugs

      By: Ting Zhang, Francesca Gino and Max Bazerman
      Ethics research developed partly in response to calls from organizations to understand and solve unethical behavior. Departing from prior work that focused mainly on examining the antecedents and consequences of dishonesty, we examine two approaches to mitigating... View Details
      Keywords: Corruption; Dishonesty; Unethical Behavior; Interventions; Structure; Values; Behavior; Ethics; Moral Sensibility
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      Zhang, Ting, Francesca Gino, and Max Bazerman. "Morality Rebooted: Exploring Simple Fixes to Our Moral Bugs." Research in Organizational Behavior 34 (2014): 63–79.
      • October 2013
      • Article

      Corporate Venturing

      By: Josh Lerner
      For decades, large companies have been wary of corporate venturing. But as R&D organizations face pressure to rein in costs and produce results, companies are investing in promising start-ups to gain knowledge and agility. The logic of corporate venturing is... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Knowledge Acquisition; Corporate Strategy; Research and Development; Business Startups; Innovation and Invention
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      Lerner, Josh. "Corporate Venturing." Harvard Business Review 91, no. 10 (October 2013): 86–94.
      • January 2013 (Revised April 2017)
      • Supplement

      Maxum Petroleum, Inc.

      By: W. Carl Kester
      Maxum seeks an oil-price hedging strategy that yields substantial cash during oil price spikes, is affordable under ordinary circumstances, and is easily managed. It is striving to avoid a repeat of the challenging situation encountered in 2008 when spiking oil prices... View Details
      Keywords: Hedging; Options; Commodities; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Risk Management; Futures and Commodity Futures; Financial Strategy; Volatility
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      Kester, W. Carl. "Maxum Petroleum, Inc." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 213-714, January 2013. (Revised April 2017.)
      • 2013
      • Chapter

      Capturing History: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927

      By: David Moss and Jonathan Lackow
      In the study of regulation (and political economy more generally), there is a danger that historical inferences from theory may infect historical tests of theory. It is imperative, therefore, that historical tests always involve a vigorous search not only for... View Details
      Keywords: Capture; History By Inference; Economic Theory Of Regulation; Federal Radio Commission; Theory; Economics; Media and Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Moss, David, and Jonathan Lackow. "Capturing History: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927." Chap. 8 in Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It, edited by Daniel Carpenter and David Moss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
      • Article

      Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making

      By: Marlyse F. Haward, Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz and Baruch Fischhoff
      Objective: To examine whether parents' delivery room management decisions for extremely preterm infants are influenced by (a) the degree of detail with which options-comfort care (CC) or intensive care (IC)-are presented or (b) their order of presentation. Methods: 309... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Values and Beliefs; Personal Characteristics; Attitudes; Motivation and Incentives; Family and Family Relationships; Health Care and Treatment
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      Haward, Marlyse F., Leslie K. John, John M. Lorenz, and Baruch Fischhoff. "Effects of Description of Options on Parental Perinatal Decision-Making." Pediatrics 129, no. 5 (May 2012): 891–902.
      • Fall 2012
      • Article

      Innovation Strategy and Entry Deterrence

      By: Ozge Turut and Elie Ofek
      We model an incumbent's decision to pursue radical or incremental innovation when facing a rival entrant. The radical innovation may yield lucrative financial returns but entails significant technological and market-related uncertainties. It is also particularly... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Innovation Strategy; Risk and Uncertainty; Markets; Mathematical Methods
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      Turut, Ozge, and Elie Ofek. "Innovation Strategy and Entry Deterrence." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12, no. 3 (Fall 2012).
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      How Does Simplified Disclosure Affect Individuals' Mutual Fund Choices?

      By: John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson and Brigitte C. Madrian
      We use an experiment to estimate the effect of the SEC's Summary Prospectus, which simplifies mutual fund disclosure. Our subjects chose an equity portfolio and a bond portfolio. Subjects received either statutory prospectuses or Summary Prospectuses. We find no... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Corporate Disclosure; Decision Choices and Conditions; Consumer Behavior; Retirement; Personal Finance; Investment Funds; Microeconomics
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      Beshears, John, James J. Choi, David Laibson, and Brigitte C. Madrian. "How Does Simplified Disclosure Affect Individuals' Mutual Fund Choices?" In Explorations in the Economics of Aging, edited by David A. Wise, 75–96. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Conveniently Upset: Avoiding Altruism by Distorting Beliefs about Others

      By: Rafael Di Tella and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      In this paper we present the results from a "corruption game" (a dictator game modified so that the second player can accept a side payment that reduces the overall size of the pie). Dictators (silently) treated to have the possibility of taking a larger proportion of... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Judgments; Fairness; Values and Beliefs; Game Theory; Personal Characteristics
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      Di Tella, Rafael, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Conveniently Upset: Avoiding Altruism by Distorting Beliefs about Others." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 16645, December 2010.
      • September 2010
      • Article

      How Firms Respond to Being Rated

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      While many rating systems seek to help buyers overcome information asymmetries when making purchasing decisions, we investigate how these ratings also influence the companies being rated. We hypothesize that ratings are particularly likely to spur responses from firms... View Details
      Keywords: System; Information; Decisions; Cost; Opportunities; Performance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Economics; Theory; System Shocks; Rank and Position
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Being Rated." Strategic Management Journal 31, no. 9 (September 2010): 917–945. (Lead article.)
      • May 2010
      • Article

      Is Delaware's Antitakeover Statute Unconstitutional? Evidence from 1988-2008

      By: Guhan Subramanian, Steven Herscovici and Brian Barbetta
      Delaware's antitakeover statute, codified at Section 203 of the Delaware corporate code, is by far the most important antitakeover statute in the United States. When it was first enacted in 1988, three bidders challenged its constitutionality under the Commerce Clause... View Details
      Keywords: Courts and Trials; Opportunities; Bids and Bidding; Laws and Statutes; Decisions; Change; Acquisition; United States
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      Subramanian, Guhan, Steven Herscovici, and Brian Barbetta. "Is Delaware's Antitakeover Statute Unconstitutional? Evidence from 1988-2008." Business Lawyer 65, no. 3 (May 2010): 685–752. (Selected by academics as one of the “top ten” articles in corporate/securities law for 2010, out of 447 articles published in that year.)
      • February 2010 (Revised June 2014)
      • Supplement

      CityCenter (D): Financial Crisis, Grand Opening, and a New Paradigm

      By: John D. Macomber and Griffin James
      "CityCenter (D)" follows the (A), (B), and (C) cases with subsequent chronological events through CityCenter's grand opening in December 2009 and financial results through March 2010. The case includes a simple valuation exercise intended to explore CEO Jim Murren's... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Private Equity; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Decision Choices and Conditions; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Nevada; New Jersey
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      Macomber, John D., and Griffin James. "CityCenter (D): Financial Crisis, Grand Opening, and a New Paradigm." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-067, February 2010. (Revised June 2014.)
      • November 2009
      • Article

      What Would Peter Say?

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
      Heeding the wisdom of Peter Drucker might have helped us avoid - and will help us solve - numerous challenges, from restoring trust in business to tackling climate change. He issued early warnings about excessive executive pay, the auto industry's failure to adapt and... View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Employee Relationship Management; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "What Would Peter Say?" Harvard Business Review 87, no. 11 (November 2009).
      • Article

      Mission-Driven Governance

      By: Raymond Fisman, Rakesh Khurana and Edward Martenson

      The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful, easily applied theory of governance performance. The existing model is fundamentally adversarial, rooted in the paradigm of principal-agent conflict. At its base is an image of governance as a never-ending struggle... View Details

      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Knowledge Management; Standards; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation
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      Fisman, Raymond, Rakesh Khurana, and Edward Martenson. "Mission-Driven Governance." Stanford Social Innovation Review 7, no. 3 (Summer 2009).
      • February 2009
      • Article

      Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Most models currently used to determine optimal foreign reserve holdings take the level of international debt as given. However, given the sovereign's willingness-to-pay incentive problems, reserve accumulation may reduce sustainable debt levels. In addition, assuming... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Motivation and Incentives; Decisions; Emerging Markets; Balance and Stability; Earnings Management; Policy; Interest Rates; International Finance; Cost
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt." Journal of International Economics 77, no. 1 (February 2009): 23–36. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-010, 2006 and NBER Working Paper No. 13216.)
      • January 2009 (Revised June 2010)
      • Case

      Cisco Business Councils (2007): Unifying a Functional Enterprise with an Internal Governance System

      By: Ranjay Gulati
      In response to the 2001 market downturn, Cisco Systems implemented a major restructuring that transformed the company from a decentralized to centralized organization. While recognizing that a centralized, functional structure was necessary to avoid product and... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Customer Focus and Relationships; Governing and Advisory Boards; Resource Allocation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Structure; Corporate Strategy; Technology Industry
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      Gulati, Ranjay. "Cisco Business Councils (2007): Unifying a Functional Enterprise with an Internal Governance System." Harvard Business School Case 409-062, January 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927

      By: David A. Moss and Jonathan B. Lackow
      In the study of law and economics, there is a danger that historical inferences from theory may infect historical tests of theory.  It is imperative, therefore, that historical tests always involve a vigorous search not only for confirming evidence, but for... View Details
      Keywords: Economic History; Decision Choices and Conditions; Government Legislation; Law; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Moss, David A., and Jonathan B. Lackow. "Rethinking the Role of History in Law & Economics: The Case of the Federal Radio Commission in 1927." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-008, August 2008.
      • May 2008
      • Article

      When Winning Is Everything

      By: Deepak Malhotra, Gillian Ku and J. Keith Murnighan
      In the heat of competition, executives can easily become obsessed with beating their rivals. This adrenaline-fueled emotional state, which the authors call competitive arousal, often leads to bad decisions. Managers can minimize the potential for competitive arousal... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Auctions; Bids and Bidding; Behavior; Emotions; Personal Characteristics; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage
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      Malhotra, Deepak, Gillian Ku, and J. Keith Murnighan. "When Winning Is Everything." Harvard Business Review 86, no. 5 (May 2008).
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Most models currently used to determine optimal foreign reserve holdings take the level of international debt as given. However, given the sovereign's willingness-to-pay incentive problems, reserve accumulation may reduce sustainable debt levels. In addition, assuming... View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Liquidity; International Finance; Emerging Markets; Mathematical Methods
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13216, July 2007.
      • December 2006 (Revised January 2007)
      • Case

      Infosys in India: Building a Software Giant in a Corrupt Environment

      By: Rawi E. Abdelal, Rafael M. Di Tella and Prabakar (PK) Kothandaraman
      Shortly after Infosys was founded in 1981, its managers faced a major turning point when they made a decision to operate without giving in to the petty corruption rife in the Indian economy. Within just a few years, that decision had truly defined the company. Over the... View Details
      Keywords: History; Management Style; Moral Sensibility; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Decisions; Business Growth and Maturation; Situation or Environment; Crime and Corruption; Business Strategy; Information Technology Industry; Computer Industry; India
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      Abdelal, Rawi E., Rafael M. Di Tella, and Prabakar (PK) Kothandaraman. "Infosys in India: Building a Software Giant in a Corrupt Environment." Harvard Business School Case 707-030, December 2006. (Revised January 2007.)
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