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      • June 2024 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Dylan Mulvaney and Bud Light

      By: Jill Avery and Celine Chammas
      On April 1, 2023, social media content creator and influencer Dylan Mulvaney recorded a promotional post. It featured a video of herself drinking from a can of Bud Light beer, offering a virtual toast to her followers. Alongside the video, she posted a photograph of a... View Details
      Keywords: Brand Crises; Brand Management; Influencer Marketing; Boycott; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Social Media; Advertising; Social Issues; Public Opinion; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill, and Celine Chammas. "Dylan Mulvaney and Bud Light." Harvard Business School Case 524-089, June 2024. (Revised June 2025.)
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets

      By: Anoop R. Menon and Dennis Yao
      In this article we use simulation models to explore interdependent learning in competitive markets. Such interactions require attention to both the mental representations held by the management of the focal firm as well as the beliefs of that management about the... View Details
      Keywords: Mental Models; Strategic Interactions; Rationalization; Explanation-based View; Competition
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      Menon, Anoop R., and Dennis Yao. "Rationalizing Outcomes: Interdependent Learning in Competitive Markets." Strategy Science 9, no. 2 (June 2024): 97–117.
      • June 2024
      • Article

      Stereotypes and Belief Updating

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Manuela Collis and Leena Kulkarni
      We explore how feedback shapes, and perpetuates, gender gaps in self-assessments. Participants in our experiment take tests of their ability across different domains. We elicit their beliefs of their performance before and after feedback. We find that, even after the... View Details
      Keywords: Beliefs; Stereotypes; Self-assessment; Performance Evaluation; Gender; Cognition and Thinking; Perception; Knowledge Sharing
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Manuela Collis, and Leena Kulkarni. "Stereotypes and Belief Updating." Journal of the European Economic Association 22, no. 3 (June 2024): 1011–1054.
      • May 2024
      • Background Note

      Net Revenue Retention: Unpacking the Dynamics of Customer Monetization

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Firms and investors alike are beginning to recognize the importance of tracking how revenues from existing customers are evolving over time and to appreciate the value in understanding what might explain changes in these revenues. Consequently, in addition to looking... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Revenue; Measurement and Metrics; Customer Value and Value Chain
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Net Revenue Retention: Unpacking the Dynamics of Customer Monetization." Harvard Business School Background Note 524-092, May 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Value of AI Innovations

      By: Wilbur Xinyuan Chen, Terrence Tianshuo Shi and Suraj Srinivasan
      We study the value of AI innovations as it diffuses across general and application sectors, using the United States Patent and Trademark Office’s (USPTO) AI patent dataset. Investors value these innovations more than others, as AI patents exhibit a 9% value premium,... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Valuation; Technological Innovation; Open Source Distribution; Patents; Policy; Knowledge Sharing; Technology Industry
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      Chen, Wilbur Xinyuan, Terrence Tianshuo Shi, and Suraj Srinivasan. "The Value of AI Innovations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-069, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Case

      LinkedIn Corporation, 2024

      By: David B. Yoffie, George Gonzalez and Emily Grandjean
      By 2024, the LinkedIn profile was well established as the professional identity of record on the Internet. Following a multi-year effort to expand the platform’s user base, as well as a period of rapid growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, LinkedIn’s membership had... View Details
      Keywords: Platform; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Goals and Objectives; Social Media; Network Effects; Growth and Development Strategy; Performance Evaluation; Technology Industry; Employment Industry; Sunnyvale
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      Yoffie, David B., George Gonzalez, and Emily Grandjean. "LinkedIn Corporation, 2024." Harvard Business School Case 724-484, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Article

      Financial Innovation in the 21st Century: Evidence from U.S. Patents

      By: Josh Lerner, Amit Seru, Nick Short and Yuan Sun
      We develop a unique dataset of 24 thousand U.S. finance patents granted over the last two decades to explore the evolution and production of financial innovation. We use machine learning to identify the financial patents and extensively audit the results to ensure... View Details
      Keywords: Banking; Investment Banks; Information Technology; Regulation; Patents; Innovation and Invention; Trends
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      Lerner, Josh, Amit Seru, Nick Short, and Yuan Sun. "Financial Innovation in the 21st Century: Evidence from U.S. Patents." Journal of Political Economy 132, no. 5 (May 2024): 1391–1449.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI

      By: Pierre Azoulay, Joshua L. Krieger and Abhishek Nagaraj
      Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping generative AI advances. Central to our analysis are the concepts of appropriability—whether firms in the industry are able to control the knowledge generated... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Policy
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      Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua L. Krieger, and Abhishek Nagaraj. "Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7442, May 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Human-Computer Interactions in Demand Forecasting and Labor Scheduling Decisions

      By: Caleb Kwon, Ananth Raman and Jorge Tamayo
      We investigate whether corporate officers should grant managers discretion to override AI-driven demand forecasts and labor scheduling tools. Analyzing five years of administrative data from a large grocery retailer using such an AI tool, encompassing over 500 stores,... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Working Conditions; Performance Productivity
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      Kwon, Caleb, Ananth Raman, and Jorge Tamayo. "Human-Computer Interactions in Demand Forecasting and Labor Scheduling Decisions." Working Paper, April 2024.
      • April–May 2024
      • Article

      Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information

      By: Jung Koo Kang
      I explore whether big-data sources can crowd out the value of private information acquired through lending relationships. Institutional lenders have been shown to exploit their access to borrowers’ private information by trading on it in financial markets. As a shock... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Markets; Value; Knowledge Dissemination; Financing and Loans
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      Kang, Jung Koo. "Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information." Art. 101663. Journal of Accounting & Economics 77, nos. 2-3 (April–May 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      What are we to do about declining public trust and confidence in democratic capitalism, which many citizens consider a cornerstone of our national ideology and identity? While the answer is not entirely clear, I argue in this essay that any effort aimed at restoring... View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Economic Systems; Trust; United States
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal…and What to Do about It." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-062, March 2024.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      An Experimental Design for Anytime-Valid Causal Inference on Multi-Armed Bandits

      By: Biyonka Liang and Iavor I. Bojinov
      Typically, multi-armed bandit (MAB) experiments are analyzed at the end of the study and thus require the analyst to specify a fixed sample size in advance. However, in many online learning applications, it is advantageous to continuously produce inference on the... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; AI and Machine Learning; Mathematical Methods
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      Liang, Biyonka, and Iavor I. Bojinov. "An Experimental Design for Anytime-Valid Causal Inference on Multi-Armed Bandits." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-057, March 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Anytime-Valid Inference in Linear Models and Regression-Adjusted Causal Inference

      By: Michael Lindon, Dae Woong Ham, Martin Tingley and Iavor I. Bojinov
      Linear regression adjustment is commonly used to analyze randomized controlled experiments due to its efficiency and robustness against model misspecification. Current testing and interval estimation procedures leverage the asymptotic distribution of such estimators to... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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      Lindon, Michael, Dae Woong Ham, Martin Tingley, and Iavor I. Bojinov. "Anytime-Valid Inference in Linear Models and Regression-Adjusted Causal Inference." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-060, March 2024.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Design-Based Inference for Multi-arm Bandits

      By: Dae Woong Ham, Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Lindon and Martin Tingley
      Multi-arm bandits are gaining popularity as they enable real-world sequential decision-making across application areas, including clinical trials, recommender systems, and online decision-making. Consequently, there is an increased desire to use the available... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
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      Ham, Dae Woong, Iavor I. Bojinov, Michael Lindon, and Martin Tingley. "Design-Based Inference for Multi-arm Bandits." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-056, March 2024.
      • February 9, 2024
      • Article

      Addressing Climate Change with Behavioral Science: A Global Intervention Tournament in 63 Countries

      By: Madalina Vlasceanu, Kimberly C. Doell, Joseph B. Bak-Coleman, Boryana Todorova, Michael M. Berkebile-Weinberg, Amit Goldenberg, Eric Shuman and et al.
      Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate... View Details
      Keywords: Climate Change; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Policy; Knowledge Sharing; Values and Beliefs
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      Vlasceanu, Madalina, Kimberly C. Doell, Joseph B. Bak-Coleman, Boryana Todorova, Michael M. Berkebile-Weinberg, Amit Goldenberg, Eric Shuman, and et al. "Addressing Climate Change with Behavioral Science: A Global Intervention Tournament in 63 Countries." Science Advances 10, no. 6 (February 9, 2024).
      • February 2024
      • Case

      Levels.fyi: How Negotiations Coaching and Pay Transparency Change Job Market Outcomes

      By: Zoë B. Cullen
      Salary information is everywhere. What impact does it have on compensation? How should employees and employers use salary information in negotiations? This case brings to light how pay information affects behavior and job market outcomes in surprising ways. View Details
      Keywords: Knowledge Use and Leverage; Compensation and Benefits; Negotiation
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      Cullen, Zoë B. "Levels.fyi: How Negotiations Coaching and Pay Transparency Change Job Market Outcomes." Harvard Business School Case 824-078, February 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Content Moderation with Opaque Policies

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Jesse M. Shapiro
      A sender sends a signal about a state to a receiver who takes an action that determines a payoff. A moderator can block some or all of the sender's signal before it reaches the receiver. When the moderator's policy is transparent to the receiver, the moderator can... View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Communication; Knowledge Sharing; Information Infrastructure; Media
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Content Moderation with Opaque Policies." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32156, February 2024.
      • Winter 2024
      • Article

      Is Pay Transparency Good?

      By: Zoë B. Cullen
      Countries around the world are enacting pay transparency policies to combat pay discrimination. Since 2000, 71 percent of OECD countries have done so. Most are enacting transparency horizontally, revealing pay between coworkers doing similar work within a firm. While... View Details
      Keywords: Policy; Wages; Knowledge Sharing; Job Design and Levels; Negotiation; Performance Productivity; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives
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      Cullen, Zoë B. "Is Pay Transparency Good?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 38, no. 1 (Winter 2024): 153–180.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration in the Presence of Outliers

      By: Matthew DosSantos DiSorbo, Kris Ferreira, Maya Balakrishnan and Jordan Tong
      Problem definition: While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may perform well on data that are representative of the training set (inliers), they may err when extrapolating on non-representative data (outliers). How can humans and algorithms work together to make... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      DosSantos DiSorbo, Matthew, Kris Ferreira, Maya Balakrishnan, and Jordan Tong. "Warnings and Endorsements: Improving Human-AI Collaboration in the Presence of Outliers." Working Paper, May 2025.
      • January 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Equal Justice Initiative: Mercy, Truth and Dignity

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Gerald Chertavian and Brittany Logan
      In 1989, the Equal Justice Initiative was established as a non-profit, public interest law firm by Harvard Law School graduate, Bryan Stevenson.

      EJI provides legal assistance to condemned prisoners, people wrongly convicted or unfairly sentenced, children in... View Details
      Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Nonprofit Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Growth and Development Strategy; Social Issues; Race
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, Gerald Chertavian, and Brittany Logan. "Equal Justice Initiative: Mercy, Truth and Dignity." Harvard Business School Case 524-055, January 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
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