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- All HBS Web (730)
- Faculty Publications (397)
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- Article
(Too) Optimistic about Optimism: The Belief that Optimism Improves Performance.
By: Elizabeth R. Tenney, Jennifer M. Logg and Don A Moore
A series of experiments investigated why people value optimism and whether they are right to do so. In Experiments 1A and 1B, participants prescribed more optimism for someone implementing decisions than for someone deliberating, indicating that people prescribe... View Details
Keywords: Optimism; Bias; Accuracy; Decision Phase; Performance; Attitudes; Performance Improvement; Perception; Outcome or Result
Tenney, Elizabeth R., Jennifer M. Logg, and Don A Moore. "(Too) Optimistic about Optimism: The Belief that Optimism Improves Performance." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108, no. 3 (March 2015): 377–399. (lead article.)
- March 2025
- Article
Boomerasking: Answering Your Own Questions
By: Alison Wood Brooks and Michael Yeomans
Humans spend much of their lives in conversation, where they tend to hold many simultaneous motives. We examine two fundamental desires: to be responsive to a partner and to disclose about oneself. We introduce one pervasive way people attempt to reconcile these... View Details
Brooks, Alison Wood, and Michael Yeomans. "Boomerasking: Answering Your Own Questions." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 864–893.
- 06 Jun 2005
- Research & Ideas
Microsoft vs. Open Source: Who Will Win?
We also show that it is not all bad news to Microsoft. We analyze the effect of having forward-looking buyers and the presence of piracy, and conclude that both benefit Microsoft. We question the effectiveness of influencing forward-looking buyers' View Details
- August 2022
- Supplement
Atlanta Ransomware Attack (B)
By: Amit Goldenberg and Julian Zlatev
This case describes the March 2018 Ransomware attack on the information technology (IT) systems of the city of Atlanta and the response by Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms and her administration. The case includes a brief background on Bottoms and her young administration at... View Details
Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Ethics; Values and Beliefs; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Information Technology; Cybersecurity; Information Management; Leadership; Management; Crisis Management; Management Teams; Negotiation; Risk and Uncertainty; Social Psychology; Perception; Personal Characteristics; Perspective; Power and Influence; Society; Public Administration Industry; United States; Atlanta; Georgia (state, US)
Goldenberg, Amit, and Julian Zlatev. "Atlanta Ransomware Attack (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 923-010, August 2022.
- 11 Sep 2012
- First Look
First Look: September 11
decreases the compassion that individuals express to others in need, that this effect is mediated by dampened feelings of empathy and heightened perceptions of unprofessionalism, and that it is circumscribed to bad news that has economic... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 29 Oct 2020
- Research & Ideas
The COVID Gender Gap: Why Fewer Women Are Dying
"If men don't take the virus as seriously as women do, and they're not wearing masks and social distancing as much, that could help explain why they are suffering the consequences more," says Harvard Business School Associate Professor... View Details
- 2022
- Article
Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment
By: A.V. Whillans and Colin West
Poverty entails more than a scarcity of material resources—it also involves a shortage of time. To examine the causal benefits of reducing time poverty, we conducted a longitudinal feld experiment over six consecutive weeks in an urban slum in Kenya with a sample of... View Details
Keywords: Time; Subjective Well Being; Administrative Costs; Friction; Poverty; Well-being; Money; Perception; Kenya
Whillans, A.V., and Colin West. "Alleviating Time Poverty Among the Working Poor: A Pre-Registered Longitudinal Field Experiment." Art. 719. Scientific Reports 12 (2022).
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Subjective Expected Utility Approach and a Framework for Defining Project Risk in Terms of Novelty and Feasibility—A Response to Franzoni and Stephan (2023), ‘Uncertainty and Risk-Taking in Science’
In their Discussion Paper, Franzoni and Stephan (F&S, 2023) discuss the shortcomings of existing peer review models in shaping the funding of risky science. Their discussion offers a conceptual framework for incorporating risk into peer review models of research... View Details
Lane, Jacqueline N. "The Subjective Expected Utility Approach and a Framework for Defining Project Risk in Terms of Novelty and Feasibility—A Response to Franzoni and Stephan (2023), ‘Uncertainty and Risk-Taking in Science’." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-037, January 2023.
- February 2010
- Article
Conflict of Interest and the Intrusion of Bias
By: Don A. Moore, Lloyd Tanlu and Max Bazerman
This paper presents evidence of performance persistence in entrepreneurship. We show that entrepreneurs with a track record of success are much more likely to succeed than first-time entrepreneurs and those who have previously failed. In particular, they exhibit... View Details
Keywords: Conflict of Interests; Prejudice and Bias; Performance; Entrepreneurship; Market Timing; Competency and Skills; Perception; Business Startups; Resource Allocation
Moore, Don A., Lloyd Tanlu, and Max Bazerman. "Conflict of Interest and the Intrusion of Bias." Judgment and Decision Making 5, no. 1 (February 2010): 37–53.
- 2018
- Working Paper
Learning to Become a Taste Expert
By: Kathryn A. Latour and John A. Deighton
Evidence suggests that consumers seek to become more expert about hedonic products to enhance their enjoyment of future consumption occasions. Current approaches to becoming an expert center on cultivating an analytic mindset. In the present research the authors... View Details
Keywords: Hedonic; Wine; Expertise; Holistic; Analytic; Sensory; Taste; Learning; Experience and Expertise; Analysis; Perception
Latour, Kathryn A., and John A. Deighton. "Learning to Become a Taste Expert." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-107, June 2018.
- 09 Jun 2014
- Research & Ideas
The Manager in Red Sneakers
favoring those who break the rules seem counterintuitive. "We invest so much time, energy, and money in trying to fit in, be like everyone else and dress the way we're expected to dress, both in our professional and social lives," Keinan... View Details
- January 28, 2023
- Article
Will We Blame Self-Driving Cars? A New Study Finds That People Are Likely to Hold Autonomous Vehicles Liable for Accidents Even When They’re Not at Fault
De Freitas, Julian. "Will We Blame Self-Driving Cars? A New Study Finds That People Are Likely to Hold Autonomous Vehicles Liable for Accidents Even When They’re Not at Fault." Wall Street Journal (January 28, 2023), C5.
- 15 Jan 2019
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, January 15, 2019
is mediated by perceptions that their own advice will not be followed. Advice seekers fail to anticipate this negative relational impact, exposing them to unanticipated adverse consequences of their advice-seeking decisions. These... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
- 2025
- Working Paper
A Cognitive Theory of Reasoning and Choice
By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Giacomo Lanzani and Andrei Shleifer
We present a theory of decisions in which attention to the features of choice options is determined by the decision maker's categorization of the current choice problem in a set of problems she solved in the past. Categorization depends on goal-relevant as well as... View Details
Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Giacomo Lanzani, and Andrei Shleifer. "A Cognitive Theory of Reasoning and Choice." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33466, February 2025.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Older People Are Less Pessimistic About the Health Risks of COVID-19
By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
A central question for understanding behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, at both the individual and collective levels, is how people perceive the health and economic risks they face. We conducted a survey of over 1,500 Americans from May 6–13, 2020, to understand... View Details
Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine B. Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Older People Are Less Pessimistic About the Health Risks of COVID-19." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27494, July 2020.
- December 2001
- Background Note
Reporting on Agribusiness in the 21st Century
By: Ray A. Goldberg and Anne M Fitzgerald
Agriculture is not what it used to be. Neither is coverage of the industry by news organizations. A century ago, about 40% of the U.S. population lived on the farm, and one in three U.S. jobs was tied to agriculture. It made sense for daily newspapers to cover farming... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Newspapers; Media; Perception; Change; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
Goldberg, Ray A., and Anne M Fitzgerald. "Reporting on Agribusiness in the 21st Century." Harvard Business School Background Note 902-421, December 2001.
- June 2024
- Article
Stereotypes and Belief Updating
By: Katherine B. Coffman, Manuela Collis and Leena Kulkarni
We explore how feedback shapes, and perpetuates, gender gaps in self-assessments. Participants in our experiment take tests of their ability across different domains. We elicit their beliefs of their performance before and after feedback. We find that, even after the... View Details
Keywords: Beliefs; Stereotypes; Self-assessment; Performance Evaluation; Gender; Cognition and Thinking; Perception; Knowledge Sharing
Coffman, Katherine B., Manuela Collis, and Leena Kulkarni. "Stereotypes and Belief Updating." Journal of the European Economic Association 22, no. 3 (June 2024): 1011–1054.
- 12 Dec 2019
- Research & Ideas
How to Turn Down the Boil on Group Conflict
organizations predict how people outside of the organization perceive it, and how they might get that judgment wrong,” Lees says. “It didn’t take me long to realize how that sort of judgment applies in other contexts.” He teamed up with Cikara, whose lab has looked at... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
- 04 Dec 2018
- First Look
New Research and Ideas, December 4, 2018
to the complementary assets of the incumbent. At the same time, value creation presents opportunities for value capture by either party, where value capture by the start-up is determined by their knowledge appropriation regime and social... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
- 10 Mar 2008
- Research & Ideas
Encouraging Entrepreneurs: Lessons for Government Policy
growing academic interest in the influence of social networks on entrepreneurial successes and failures, Nanda says. As an example, he cites Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, a 1994 book by... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna