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- December 1999 (Revised January 2000)
- Case
Agrochemicals at Ciba-Geigy AG (B)
By: Michael L. Tushman, Wendy Smith and Daniel Radov
Focuses on Pierre Urech's efforts to change the division structure at Ciba-Geigy to facilitate the marketing of the new product. Details the relationships Urech cultivates and the strategy he pursues as "product champion." Also describes the restructuring of the... View Details
Keywords: Change Management; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Research and Development; Marketing Strategy; Goods and Commodities; Product Development; Pharmaceutical Industry; Switzerland
Tushman, Michael L., Wendy Smith, and Daniel Radov. "Agrochemicals at Ciba-Geigy AG (B)." Harvard Business School Case 400-023, December 1999. (Revised January 2000.)
- December 1999 (Revised June 2000)
- Case
Smithfield Foods, Inc.
By: Ray A. Goldberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and David Lane
Smithfield has become the number-one pork producer and processor in the world--given all the changes in the global agribusiness industry. How does the company develop its future strategy? A rewritten version of an earlier case. View Details
Keywords: Economy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Agribusiness; Globalization; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategic Planning; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry
Goldberg, Ray A., Carin-Isabel Knoop, and David Lane. "Smithfield Foods, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 900-015, December 1999. (Revised June 2000.)
- May 1999 (Revised December 2003)
- Case
European Monetary Union
By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Sabina M. Ciminero
On January 1, 1999, 11 European countries unified their currencies--48 years after their first integrative efforts. This marks a huge development in the structure of Europe and the world's economy. This case examines the integrative process, the Single Europe Act and... View Details
Keywords: Money; Currency; Globalized Economies and Regions; Markets; International Relations; Alliances; System; Integration; Macroeconomics; Business and Government Relations; European Union
Vietor, Richard H.K., and Sabina M. Ciminero. "European Monetary Union." Harvard Business School Case 799-131, May 1999. (Revised December 2003.)
- April 1999
- Background Note
Note on the Caspian Oil Pipelines
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Mathew M Millett
The Caspian region may become one of the world's next major energy producers. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan-all former Soviet republics--hold vast and largely undeveloped reserves of oil and gas, but the region's export infrastructure is nearly... View Details
Keywords: Economics; Non-Renewable Energy; Investment; Government and Politics; Infrastructure; Outcome or Result; Projects; Natural Environment; Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan
Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Note on the Caspian Oil Pipelines." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-044, April 1999.
- January 1999 (Revised August 1999)
- Case
Asia Property Limited
By: William J. Poorvu and Daniel J. Rudd
On October 23, 1998, Bud Lake leafed through his files on property markets in Asia. Lake was responsible for real-estate investments at an aggressive and eclectic investment fund with total assets of $1.5 billion--up from $400 million at its start in 1994. As the fund... View Details
Keywords: Private Ownership; Entrepreneurship; Investment Funds; Globalized Markets and Industries; Public Ownership; Real Estate Industry; Asia; United States; Europe
Poorvu, William J., and Daniel J. Rudd. "Asia Property Limited." Harvard Business School Case 899-145, January 1999. (Revised August 1999.)
- 1999
- Chapter
Determinants of the Regional Distribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the United States
By: Shane Greenstein and Mercedes Lizardo
Greenstein, Shane, and Mercedes Lizardo. "Determinants of the Regional Distribution of Information Technology Infrastructure in the United States." In The Electronic Village: Public Policy Issues of the Information Economy, edited by Dale Orr and Thomas Wilson. C.D. Howe Institute, 1999.
- Article
Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance
By: Tom Nicholas
This paper refutes the hypothesis put forward by W.D. Rubinstein that a disproportionately large share of Britain's wealth makers were active in commercial and financial trades in London. We use a data set of businessmen active in nineteenth- and early... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Finance; Commercialization; Mathematical Methods; Wealth and Poverty; Great Britain; London
Nicholas, Tom. "Wealth-Making in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Britain: Industry v. Commerce and Finance." Business History 41, no. 1 (January 1999).
- September 1998 (Revised May 2004)
- Case
Becton Dickinson: Ethics and Business Practices (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine
Becton Dickinson's Global One-Company Operations Group must decide on the company's global policy on gifts, gratuities, and business entertainment. A central issue is whether the policy should be established centrally and made uniform worldwide or whether it should be... View Details
Keywords: Policy; Ethics; Law; Organizational Culture; Business Strategy; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Global Strategy; Trade; Business or Company Management
Paine, Lynn S. "Becton Dickinson: Ethics and Business Practices (A)." Harvard Business School Case 399-055, September 1998. (Revised May 2004.)
- September 1998 (Revised May 1999)
- Case
Arnold Communications
By: Teresa M. Amabile and Jeremiah Weinstock
The new owner and CEO of Arnold Advertising, a relatively small regional agency, aims to build it into Arnold Communications--a much larger, stronger firm competing successfully for national accounts. As part of this growth strategy, the agency develops a process for... View Details
Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Creativity; Entrepreneurship; Advertising; Business Processes; Brands and Branding; Growth and Development Strategy; Advertising Industry
Amabile, Teresa M., and Jeremiah Weinstock. "Arnold Communications." Harvard Business School Case 899-083, September 1998. (Revised May 1999.)
- March 1998 (Revised June 1999)
- Case
DigitalThink: Building a Sales Force
By: Michael J. Roberts, Joseph B. Lassiter III and Christina L. Darwall
A broad set of issues faces a young company in the Internet-based training business as it begins to sell its product to corporate customers. Issues include: profile of attractive candidates, compensation, definition of territory, definition of quotas, and role of... View Details
Roberts, Michael J., Joseph B. Lassiter III, and Christina L. Darwall. "DigitalThink: Building a Sales Force." Harvard Business School Case 898-193, March 1998. (Revised June 1999.)
- 1998
- Working Paper
Some Evidence on the Optimal Welfare State Based on Subjective Data
By: Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch
It is often difficult to evaluate all the costs and benefits of the welfare state. This paper suggests an alternative approach based on surveys of citizen satisfaction with welfare programs. In the first part of the paper we estimate the level of unemployment benefits... View Details
- February 1998
- Case
Creating the International Trade Organization
By: David A. Moss, George R. Appling and Andrew D Archer
In the late 1940s, officials at the U.S. State Department began campaigning for the creation of an International Trade Organization (ITO). This new organization would oversee global negotiations on trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, cartels, and commodity... View Details
Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Agreements and Arrangements; Foreign Direct Investment; Economic Systems; International Relations
Moss, David A., George R. Appling, and Andrew D Archer. "Creating the International Trade Organization." Harvard Business School Case 798-057, February 1998.
- January 1998 (Revised January 2001)
- Case
Sealed Air Corporation: Globalization and Corporate Culture (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Karen Wruck
Sealed Air Corp.'s CEO and COO are considering what approach they should take to building a seamless corporate culture worldwide. Anticipating continuing growth and expansion, especially outside the United States, they are concerned with preserving and promoting the... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Culture; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Policy; Leadership; United States; Europe; Asia
Paine, Lynn S., and Karen Wruck. "Sealed Air Corporation: Globalization and Corporate Culture (A)." Harvard Business School Case 398-096, January 1998. (Revised January 2001.)
- January 1998 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
Sealed Air Corporation: Globalization and Corporate Culture (B)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Karen Wruck
Sealed Air Corp.'s CEO and COO are considering what approach they should take to building a seamless corporate culture worldwide. Anticipating continuing growth and expansion, especially outside the United States, they are concerned with preserving and promoting the... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Culture; Business or Company Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Policy; Leadership; United States; Europe; Asia
Paine, Lynn S., and Karen Wruck. "Sealed Air Corporation: Globalization and Corporate Culture (B)." Harvard Business School Case 398-097, January 1998. (Revised April 1998.)
- January 1998 (Revised April 1998)
- Case
Lincoln Electric: Venturing Abroad
By: Christopher A. Bartlett and Jamie O'Connell
Lincoln Electric, a 100-year-old manufacturer of welding equipment and consumables based in Cleveland, Ohio, motivates its U.S. employees through a culture of cooperation between management and labor and an unusual compensation system based on piecework and a large... View Details
Keywords: Acquisition; Restructuring; Transformation; Construction; Compensation and Benefits; Management; Market Entry and Exit; Labor and Management Relations; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Manufacturing Industry; Ohio
Bartlett, Christopher A., and Jamie O'Connell. "Lincoln Electric: Venturing Abroad." Harvard Business School Case 398-095, January 1998. (Revised April 1998.)
- January 1998
- Article
The Adam Smith Address: Location, Clusters, and the 'New' Microeconomics of Competition
The new microeconomics of competition is contained in frameworks that structure the complexity of competition and inform managers of the choices they must make. The role of location has shifted from factor endowments and size to productivity growth; factor inputs are... View Details
Keywords: Economics
Porter, Michael E. "The Adam Smith Address: Location, Clusters, and the 'New' Microeconomics of Competition." Business Economics 33, no. 1 (January 1998).
- December 1997 (Revised December 1997)
- Case
Doing Business in China
By: Tarun Khanna and Danielle Melito Wu
Khanna, Tarun, and Danielle Melito Wu. "Doing Business in China." Harvard Business School Case 798-052, December 1997. (Revised December 1997.)
- December 1997 (Revised October 1999)
- Case
Citibank: Performance Evaluation
By: Robert L. Simons and Antonio Davila
Citibank has introduced a new, comprehensive performance-scorecard system. A regional president struggles with a tough decision: how to evaluate an outstanding branch manager who has scored poorly on an important customer satisfaction measure. This case provides a... View Details
Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Balanced Scorecard; Business Strategy; Customer Satisfaction; Performance Expectations; Decisions; Motivation and Incentives; Quality; Banking Industry
Simons, Robert L., and Antonio Davila. "Citibank: Performance Evaluation." Harvard Business School Case 198-048, December 1997. (Revised October 1999.)
- 1997
- Chapter
Intercultural Connections and Chinese Development: External and Internal Spheres of Modern China's Foreign Relations
By: William C. Kirby
Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; International Relations; Developing Countries and Economies; Globalized Economies and Regions; China
Kirby, William C. "Intercultural Connections and Chinese Development: External and Internal Spheres of Modern China's Foreign Relations." In China's Quest for Modernization: A Historical Perspective, edited by Frederic Wakeman and Wang Xi, 219–248. Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley, Institute of East Asian Studies, 1997. (published first in Zhongguo xiandaihua wenti [Issues of Chinese modernization] (Shanghai: Fudan daxue chubanshe, 1994))