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      • February 2022 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat

      By: Elie Ofek and Jeff Huizinga
      Aleph Farms, an Israeli food-tech start-up, was hoping to play a major role in disrupting the conventional meat sector. Compared to intensive agricultural practices, Aleph’s cultured (or lab-grown) meat solution held the promise of considerably reducing greenhouse gas... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Adoption; Go To Market Strategy; Industry Evolution; Food Industry; Environmental And Social Sustainability; Marketing Of Innovations; Brand Building; Capital Expenditures-equipment; Disruption; Green Technology; Environmental Sustainability; Food; Market Entry and Exit; Brands and Branding; Consumer Behavior; Competitive Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Jeff Huizinga. "Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat." Harvard Business School Case 522-071, February 2022. (Revised April 2024.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption, Chapter 41: The Internet’s Effects on Consumption: Useful, Harmful, Playful

      By: John A. Deighton and Leora Kornfeld
      This chapter considers how digital culture has changed over the past decade, as the internet has grown its scope and user base. Billions around the world connect daily to an ever-expanding set of applications. A framework for thinking about digital effects is offered:... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Culture; Internet and the Web; Consumer Behavior; Society
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      Deighton, John A., and Leora Kornfeld. "The Routledge Handbook of Digital Consumption, Chapter 41: The Internet’s Effects on Consumption: Useful, Harmful, Playful." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-049, January 2022.
      • February 2022
      • Case

      NFX Capital and Moov Technologies

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In July 2019, James Currier, a general partner at San Francisco-based NFX Ventures, was considering a seed stage investment of $1.5 million in Moov Technologies, a B2B marketplace for used industrial equipment. NFX was a venture capital firm focused on seed-stage... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Network Effects; Marketplace Matching; Digital Platforms; Market Design; Applications and Software; Semiconductor Industry; Financial Services Industry; San Francisco
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "NFX Capital and Moov Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 822-045, February 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Consumer Reviews and Regulation: Evidence from NYC Restaurants

      By: Chiara Farronato and Georgios Zervas
      We investigate the informativeness of hygiene signals in online reviews, and their effect on consumer choice and restaurant hygiene. We first extract signals of hygiene from Yelp. Among all dimensions that regulators monitor through mandated restaurant inspections, we... View Details
      Keywords: Restaurants; Reviews; Hygiene; Yelp; Regulation; Food; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Consumer Behavior
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      Farronato, Chiara, and Georgios Zervas. "Consumer Reviews and Regulation: Evidence from NYC Restaurants." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29715, February 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program

      By: Sergey Chernenko and David S. Scharfstein
      Using a large sample of Florida restaurants, we document significant racial disparities in borrowing through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and investigate the causes of these disparities. Black-owned restaurants are 25% less likely to receive PPP loans.... View Details
      Keywords: Discrimination; Paycheck Protection Program; Economic Injury Disaster Loans; Bank Lending; Nonbank Lending; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Prejudice and Bias; Race
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      Chernenko, Sergey, and David S. Scharfstein. "Racial Disparities in the Paycheck Protection Program." SSRN Working Paper Series, August 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29748, February 2022.)
      • February 2022
      • Article

      Sugar-sweetened Beverage Purchases and Intake at Event Arenas with and without a Portion Size Cap

      By: Sheri Volger, James Scott Parrott, Brian Elbel, Leslie K. John, Jason P. Block, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia and Christina A. Roberto
      This is the first real-world study to examine the association between a voluntary 16-ounce (oz.) portion-size cap on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) at a sporting arena on volume of SSBs and food calories purchased and consumed during basketball games. Cross-sectional... View Details
      Keywords: Sugar-sweetened Beverages; Nutrition Policy; Obesity Prevention; Portion Sizes; Nutrition; Policy; Health; Behavior
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      Volger, Sheri, James Scott Parrott, Brian Elbel, Leslie K. John, Jason P. Block, Pamela Rothpletz-Puglia, and Christina A. Roberto. "Sugar-sweetened Beverage Purchases and Intake at Event Arenas with and without a Portion Size Cap." Art. 101661. Preventative Medicine Reports 25 (February 2022).
      • January 2022 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Envision Group

      By: Gunnar Trumbull, Bonnie Yining Cao and Dawn H. Lau
      Based in China, Envision was one of the world’s leading Greentech companies. Chief Executive Officer Lei Zhang had set the goal of achieving carbon neutrality across the company’s global operations and supply chain by 2022 and 2028 respectively. As part of its... View Details
      Keywords: Green Technology; Climate Change; Emerging Markets; Information Technology; Strategy; Management; Renewable Energy; Energy Policy; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; Auto Industry; Green Technology Industry; Battery Industry; China; United States; Japan; United Kingdom; France
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      Trumbull, Gunnar, Bonnie Yining Cao, and Dawn H. Lau. "Envision Group." Harvard Business School Case 722-045, January 2022. (Revised February 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      Kornit Digital: The Amazon Warrants (C)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and Daniel Fisher
      As of 12/31/21, Amazon held $22 billion of equity and warrants in related companies. In fact, it often requests a free grant of warrants when it enters into a new commercial agreement with a supplier. Over the past 20 years, Amazon has gotten warrants almost 20... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Value Creation; Consumer Behavior; Negotiation; Distribution; Ownership; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Equity; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "Kornit Digital: The Amazon Warrants (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 222-045, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Case

      SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and Daniel Fisher
      As of 12/31/21, Amazon held $22 billion of equity and warrants in related companies. In fact, it often requests a free grant of warrants when it enters into a new commercial agreement with a supplier. Over the past 20 years, Amazon has gotten warrants in almost 20... View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Value Creation; Consumer Behavior; Negotiation; Distribution; Ownership; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Equity; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants (A)." Harvard Business School Case 222-022, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants (B)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty, E. Scott Mayfield and Daniel Fisher
      A continuation of the events described in the (A) Case, “SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants,” (HBS Case No. 222-022). View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Value Creation; Consumer Behavior; Negotiation; Distribution; Ownership; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Equity; Food and Beverage Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., E. Scott Mayfield, and Daniel Fisher. "SpartanNash Company: The Amazon Warrants (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 222-033, January 2022.
      • January 2022 (Revised September 2022)
      • Teaching Note

      White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches

      By: Jill Avery
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 521-073. View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Competition; Growth Strategy; First-mover Advantage; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Brands and Branding; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill. "White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 522-064, January 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Mobileye 2021: Robotaxi and/or Consumer AV?

      By: David B. Yoffie
      The Mobileye 2021 case is a strategy case developed for the Strategy & Technology course, which is a second year elective at Harvard Business School. The primary purpose of the case is to teach the framework, “Look Forward, Reason Back,” which is described in David... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Companies; Robotics; Autonomous Vehicles; Strategy; Decision Making; Transportation; Technological Innovation; Auto Industry; Technology Industry; Transportation Industry; Israel
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      Yoffie, David B. "Mobileye 2021: Robotaxi and/or Consumer AV?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-382, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Determinants of Gender Differences in Change in Pay among Job-Switching Executives

      By: Boris Groysberg, Paul M. Healy and Eric Lin
      The authors investigate what determines differences in change in pay between men and women executives who move to new employers. Using proprietary data of 2,034 executive placements from a global search firm, the authors observe narrower pay differences between men and... View Details
      Keywords: Executive Pay; Executive Labor Market; Gender Pay Gap; External Recruitment; Executive Compensation; Gender; Human Capital
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      Groysberg, Boris, Paul M. Healy, and Eric Lin. "Determinants of Gender Differences in Change in Pay among Job-Switching Executives." Industrial & Labor Relations Review 75, no. 1 (January 2022): 168–199.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Many Markets Make Good Neighbors: Multimarket Contact and Deposit Banking

      By: John William Hatfield and Jonathan Wallen
      We investigate the relationship between the interest rates offered to consumers in a deposit banking market and the contact that banks in that market have with each other in other markets. We show, in a simple theoretical model, that such overlapping relationships... View Details
      Keywords: Antitrust; Deposit Banking; Market Power; Multimarket Contact; Banks and Banking; Markets; Competition
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      Hatfield, John William, and Jonathan Wallen. "Many Markets Make Good Neighbors: Multimarket Contact and Deposit Banking." Working Paper, January 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry

      By: Young Hou and Dennis Yao
      This paper exploits a natural experiment involving self-regulation in the ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereal industry to evaluate the performance impact of product repositioning. It then examines how a product's brand equity value declines with repositioning distance... View Details
      Keywords: Positioning; Resources; Brand Equity; Competitive Dynamics; Non-market Strategy; Regulation; Repositioning; Product Positioning; Performance Evaluation; Brands and Branding; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Products Industry
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      Hou, Young, and Dennis Yao. "Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry." Strategic Management Journal 43, no. 1 (January 2022): 3–29.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Who Creates New Firms When Local Opportunities Arise?

      By: Shai Benjamin Bernstein, Emanuele Colonnelli, Davide Malacrino and Timothy McQuade
      We examine the characteristics of the individuals who become entrepreneurs when local opportunities arise. We identify local demand shocks by linking fluctuations in global commodity prices to municipality level agricultural endowments in Brazil. We find that the firm... View Details
      Keywords: Firms; Entrepreneurs; Demand Shocks; Entrepreneurship; Personal Characteristics; Demographics; Opportunities; Brazil
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      Bernstein, Shai Benjamin, Emanuele Colonnelli, Davide Malacrino, and Timothy McQuade. "Who Creates New Firms When Local Opportunities Arise?" Journal of Financial Economics 143, no. 1 (January 2022): 107–130.
      • December 2021 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel W. Fisher
      At one time, Bed Bath & Beyond was one of the most successful specialty retailers in the United States—its growth and profit margins far exceeded both peer retailers in the home goods market as well as many other discount retailers. But in 2014, its stock price peaked,... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Diversification; Corporate Governance; Leading Change; Performance Evaluation; Valuation; Investment Activism; Consumer Products Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value." Harvard Business School Case 722-408, December 2021. (Revised May 2025.)
      • December 2021
      • Case

      Danish Crown: Feeding the Future

      By: David E. Bell, Damien P. McLoughlin, Daniela Beyersdorfer and Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej
      Danish Crown, one of the world’s largest exporters of pork meat and one of Europe’s top five producers of beef, faced increasing headwinds in 2021, making CEO Jais Valeur feel like the core of the meat business was under attack. As a cooperative and prominent player in... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Food; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Nutrition; Cooperative Ownership; Change Management; Transition; Leadership; Leading Change; Marketing; Product Marketing; Corporate Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; Denmark
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      Bell, David E., Damien P. McLoughlin, Daniela Beyersdorfer, and Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej. "Danish Crown: Feeding the Future." Harvard Business School Case 522-057, December 2021.
      • December 2021
      • Case

      Zoetis

      By: David E. Bell, Damien McLoughlin and Natalie Kindred
      Keywords: Strategy; Food; Change Management; Leadership; Diversity; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
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      Bell, David E., Damien McLoughlin, and Natalie Kindred. "Zoetis." Harvard Business School Case 522-041, December 2021.
      • Winter 2021
      • Article

      Mobile Internet Usage and Usage-based Pricing

      By: Jeffrey Prince and Shane Greenstein
      Using data on mobile Internet usage of thousands of individuals, we provide some of the first analyses linking mobile usage to key demographics such as income. We find a reverse-U relationship between mobile Internet usage and income—notably different than the... View Details
      Keywords: Mobile Internet Usage; Pricing Strategy; Internet and the Web; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Demographics; Income; Price; Strategy
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      Prince, Jeffrey, and Shane Greenstein. "Mobile Internet Usage and Usage-based Pricing." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 30, no. 4 (Winter 2021): 760–783.
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