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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (4,654)
      • Faculty Publications  (646)

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      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Most models currently used to determine optimal foreign reserve holdings take the level of international debt as given. However, given the sovereign's willingness-to-pay incentive problems, reserve accumulation may reduce sustainable debt levels. In addition, assuming... View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Liquidity; International Finance; Emerging Markets; Mathematical Methods
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13216, July 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns

      By: Glenn Ellison, Edward Glaeser and William R. Kerr
      Many industries are geographically concentrated. Many mechanisms that could account for such agglomeration have been proposed. We note that these theories make different predictions about which pairs of industries should be coagglomerated. We discuss the measurement of... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Labor; Industry Clusters; Transportation; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Ellison, Glenn, Edward Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-064, July 2007. (NBER WP 13068; published in American Economic Review.)
      • 2007
      • Chapter

      Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Survey

      By: Malcolm Baker, Richard Ruback and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Research in behavioral corporate finance takes two distinct approaches. The first emphasizes that investors are less than fully rational. It views managerial financing and investment decisions as rational responses to securities market mispricing. The second approach... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Prejudice and Bias; Debt Securities; Financial Management; Price; Theory; Investment; Problems and Challenges; Behavioral Finance; Corporate Finance
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      Baker, Malcolm, Richard Ruback, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Survey." In The Handbook of Corporate Finance, Volume 1: Empirical Corporate Finance, edited by Espen Eckbo. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland, 2007.
      • June 2007
      • Article

      Which Levers Boost ROI?

      By: Margeaux Cvar and John A. Quelch
      The article refers to ROI, or return on investment, and focuses on a rational strategy for financial markets that uses outside industry comparisons. The first step is to identify parallel businesses that have similar characteristics such as growth, capital, and market... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Financial Markets; Investment Return
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      Cvar, Margeaux, and John A. Quelch. "Which Levers Boost ROI?" Harvard Business Review 85, no. 6 (June 2007): 21–24.
      • April 2007
      • Article

      Wintel: Cooperation and Conflict

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and David B. Yoffie
      We study competitive interactions between Intel and Microsoft, two producers of complementary products. In a system of complements, like the PC, the value of the final product depends on how well the different components work together. This, in turn, depends on the... View Details
      Keywords: Conflict and Resolution; Competition; Cooperation; Value; Performance Effectiveness; Research and Development; Motivation and Incentives; Investment; Price; Product Launch; Product
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and David B. Yoffie. "Wintel: Cooperation and Conflict." Management Science 53, no. 4 (April 2007): pp. 584–598.
      • 2006
      • Working Paper

      The Value of a 'Free' Customer

      By: Sunil Gupta, Carl F. Mela and Jose M. Vidal-Sanz

      Central to a firm's growth and marketing policy is the revenus and profit potential of its customer assets. As a result, there has been a recent proliferation of work regarding customer lifetime value. However, extant research in this area is silent regarding how to... View Details

      Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Auctions; Network Effects; Business Strategy
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      Gupta, Sunil, Carl F. Mela, and Jose M. Vidal-Sanz. "The Value of a 'Free' Customer." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-035, December 2006.
      • November 2006 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta

      By: Elie Ofek and Ron Laufer
      Anticipating the expiration of its Prozac patent, Eli Lilly has to make tough decisions regarding the development of its next-generation antidepressant drug. In particular, the company needs to decide whether to first establish that once-a-day dosing for Cymbalta... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Product Development; Research and Development; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Ron Laufer. "Eli Lilly: Developing Cymbalta." Harvard Business School Case 507-044, November 2006. (Revised May 2025.)
      • October 2006
      • Article

      Location Choices across the Value Chain: How Activity and Capability Influence Collocation

      By: Juan Alcacer
      There has been a recent revival of interest in the geographic component of firm strategy. Recent research suggests that two opposing forces—competition costs and agglomeration benefits—determine whether firms collocate in a given geographic market. Unexplored is (1)... View Details
      Keywords: Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Sales; Research and Development; Cost Accounting; Cost Management; Markets; Production; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Distribution; Cost vs Benefits; SWOT Analysis; Telecommunications Industry
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      Alcacer, Juan. "Location Choices across the Value Chain: How Activity and Capability Influence Collocation." Management Science 52, no. 10 (October 2006): 1457–1471.
      • September 2006 (Revised November 2007)
      • Case

      Patrimonio Hoy: A Financial Perspective

      By: Arthur I Segel, Michael Chu and Gustavo A. Herrero
      Patrimonio Hoy, a program targeting the housing needs of low-income families launched by CEMEX, a major Mexican corporation and a leading global cement company, has gone from a market research project to a highly visible initiative in 22 cities and has earned public... View Details
      Keywords: Diversification; Housing; Income; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Emerging Markets; Finance; Mexico
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      Segel, Arthur I., Michael Chu, and Gustavo A. Herrero. "Patrimonio Hoy: A Financial Perspective." Harvard Business School Case 207-059, September 2006. (Revised November 2007.)
      • August 2006
      • Article

      Predicting Returns with Managerial Decision Variables: Is There a Small-Sample Bias?

      By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Many studies find that aggregate managerial decision variables, such as aggregate equity issuance, predict stock or bond market returns. Recent research argues that these findings may be driven by an aggregate time-series version of Schultz's (2003, Journal of Finance... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Fairness; Managerial Roles; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Equity; Bonds; Financial Markets; Investment; Capital Markets; Borrowing and Debt; Investment Return
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      Baker, Malcolm, Ryan Taliaferro, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Predicting Returns with Managerial Decision Variables: Is There a Small-Sample Bias?" Journal of Finance 61, no. 4 (August 2006): 1711–1730. (Section V of "Pseudo Market Timing and Predictive Regressions, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 10823, contains additional analyses.)
      • July 2006
      • Article

      Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pankaj Ghemawat
      This paper analyzes a dynamic mixed duopoly in which a profit-maximizing competitor interacts with a competitor that prices at zero (or marginal cost), with the cumulation of output affecting their relative positions over time. The modeling effort is motivated by... View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Software; Demand-side Learning; Network Effects; Linux; Mixed Duopoly; Competitive Dynamics; Business Models; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Business Model; Mathematical Methods; Digital Platforms; Profit; Balance and Stability; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; SWOT Analysis; Competition; Price; Information Technology Industry
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows." Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006): 1072–1084.
      • March 2006
      • Background Note

      Influencing Customer Behavior in Service Operations

      By: Frances X. Frei and Amy C. Edmondson
      Explores ways in which service firms can influence the behavior of their customers. Drawing from research on employee motivation and applying it to customer motivation, the note describes two levels of managerial control: instrumental control, which shapes behavior... View Details
      Keywords: Customers; Governance Controls; Consumer Behavior; Service Operations; Emotions; Motivation and Incentives; Power and Influence; Service Industry
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      Frei, Frances X., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Influencing Customer Behavior in Service Operations." Harvard Business School Background Note 606-061, March 2006.
      • January 2006 (Revised April 2007)
      • Case

      General Electric Healthcare, 2006

      By: Tarun Khanna and Elizabeth Raabe
      In January 2006, Joe Hogan, head of General Electric (GE) Healthcare Technologies, prepared to step into William Castell's shoes as CEO of GE Healthcare, the world's leading manufacturer of diagnostic imaging equipment. In 2004, former CEO Jeff Immelt acquired Amersham... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship; Cost vs Benefits; Growth and Development Strategy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Machinery and Machining; Global Range; Multinational Firms and Management; Product Design; Technological Innovation; Expansion; Value Creation; Business Subsidiaries; Health Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Elizabeth Raabe. "General Electric Healthcare, 2006." Harvard Business School Case 706-478, January 2006. (Revised April 2007.)
      • 2006
      • Chapter

      Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations, and Market Research in Product Development

      By: Dorothy A. Leonard
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      Leonard, Dorothy A. "Knowledge Transfer Within Organizations, and Market Research in Product Development." Chap. 4 & 9 of Knowledge Creation and Management: New Challenges for Managers, edited by Kazuo Ichijo and Ikujiro Nonaka. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
      • August 2005 (Revised September 2006)
      • Case

      Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math

      By: Anita Elberse, Jehoshua Eliashberg and Julian Villanueva
      In 2003, Mike McCready, CEO of Barcelona-based Polyphonic HMI, was preparing to launch an artificial intelligence tool that could create significant value for music businesses. The technology, referred to as Hit Song Science (HSS), analyzed the mathematical... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Music Entertainment; Business History; Leadership; Marketing Strategy; Strategic Planning; Problems and Challenges; Mathematical Methods; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, Jehoshua Eliashberg, and Julian Villanueva. "Polyphonic HMI: Mixing Music and Math." Harvard Business School Case 506-009, August 2005. (Revised September 2006.) (Spanish version also available.)
      • February 2005 (Revised November 2016)
      • Background Note

      Forecasting the Adoption of a New Product

      By: Elie Ofek
      Provides tools and methodologies that allow forecasting demand for innovative new products. Highlights the Bass model—the theory behind it and ways to determine its parameters. Provides a detailed example of how to use the Bass model to forecast demand for satellite... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Innovation and Invention; Marketing; Demand and Consumers; Mathematical Methods; Competition
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      Ofek, Elie. "Forecasting the Adoption of a New Product." Harvard Business School Background Note 505-062, February 2005. (Revised November 2016.)
      • 2005
      • Article

      Increasing Exploration: Evidence from International Expansion

      By: Juan Alcacer, Heather Berry and Wilbur Chung
      While firms balance exploitation and exploration to maximize profits, specifics of how firms pursue this balance are scarce. We focus on how firms increase their exploration after obtaining greater capabilities and experience via sequential international expansion.... View Details
      Keywords: Price Bubble; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Industry Growth; Research and Development; Profit; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Disruptive Innovation; Five Forces Framework; SWOT Analysis; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Manufacturing Industry; Japan; United States
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      Alcacer, Juan, Heather Berry, and Wilbur Chung. "Increasing Exploration: Evidence from International Expansion." Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings (2005): D1–D6.
      • 2005
      • Working Paper

      Money Illusion in the Stock Market: The Modigliani-Cohn Hypothesis

      By: Randolph B. Cohen, Christopher Polk and Tuomo Vuolteenaho
      Modigliani and Cohn [1979] hypothesize that the stock market suffers from money illusion, discounting real cash flows at nominal discount rates. While previous research has focused on the pricing of the aggregate stock market relative to Treasury bills, the... View Details
      Keywords: Stocks; Price; Cash Flow
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      Cohen, Randolph B., Christopher Polk, and Tuomo Vuolteenaho. "Money Illusion in the Stock Market: The Modigliani-Cohn Hypothesis." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 11018, January 2005.
      • 2005
      • Working Paper

      Pseudo Market Timing and Predictive Regressions

      By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Jeffrey Wurgler
      A number of studies claim that aggregate managerial decision variables, such as aggregate equity issuance, have power to predict stock or bond market returns. Recent research argues that these results may be driven by an aggregate time-series version of Schultz's... View Details
      Keywords: Managerial Roles; Equity; Market Timing; Financial Instruments; Investment Return; Mathematical Methods
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      Baker, Malcolm, Ryan Taliaferro, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Pseudo Market Timing and Predictive Regressions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 10823, January 2005. (First Draft in 2004.)
      • October 2004 (Revised July 2010)
      • Case

      Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market

      By: Elie Ofek
      Lilly and ICOS are preparing for the launch of a new drug, Cialis, to compete against Viagra. To position against the incumbent firm Pfizer, which developed and markets Viagra, and other newcomers into the erectile dysfunction market, they must determine how best to... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Segmentation; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Ofek, Elie. "Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready to Market." Harvard Business School Case 505-038, October 2004. (Revised July 2010.)
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