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      • January 2008
      • Background Note

      Index Options

      By: Joshua Coval and Erik Stafford
      The goal of this simulation is to understand the patterns in index option prices that are not predicted by the Black-Scholes model. In particular, the simulation focuses on two properties of options prices. First, at-the-money implied volatilities from index options... View Details
      Keywords: Volatility; Stock Options; Investment; Price; Profit; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods
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      Coval, Joshua, and Erik Stafford. "Index Options." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-119, January 2008.
      • January 2008 (Revised July 2009)
      • Case

      Forecasting the Great Depression

      By: Walter A. Friedman
      What is proper role of professional economic forecasting in financial decision making? The case presents excerpts from three leading economic forecasters on the eve of, and just after, the stock market crash of October 1929. The first set of excerpts is from Roger... View Details
      Keywords: History; Mathematical Methods; Personal Development and Career; Forecasting and Prediction; Financial Crisis
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      Friedman, Walter A. "Forecasting the Great Depression." Harvard Business School Case 708-046, January 2008. (Revised July 2009.)
      • January 2008
      • Background Note

      Valuing Risky Debt

      By: Joshua Coval and Erik Stafford
      This lesson develops the classical structural approach to pricing and hedging credit risk: Merton's (1974) contingent claims model of debt and equity claims. This model is used to make investment and risk management decisions in an over-the-counter (OTC) market for... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Investment; Price; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods; Valuation
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      Coval, Joshua, and Erik Stafford. "Valuing Risky Debt." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-111, January 2008.
      • 2008
      • Chapter

      Matching and Market Design

      By: Muriel Niederle, Alvin E. Roth and Tayfun Sonmez
      Matching is the part of economics concerned with who transacts with whom and how. Models of matching, starting with the Gale-Shapley deferred acceptance algorithm, have been particularly useful in studying labour markets and in helping design clearinghouses to fix... View Details
      Keywords: Market Design; Marketplace Matching; Outcome or Result; Mathematical Methods
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      Niederle, Muriel, Alvin E. Roth, and Tayfun Sonmez. "Matching and Market Design." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd ed. Edited by Steven Derlauf and Larry Blume. Hampshire, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
      • January 2008
      • Article

      The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy

      By: Michael E. Porter
      This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading. In 1979, a young associate professor at Harvard Business School published his first... View Details
      Keywords: Profit; Five Forces Framework; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Business and Government Relations; Competitive Strategy
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      Porter, Michael E. "The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy." Special Issue on HBS Centennial. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 1 (January 2008): 78–93.
      • November 2007
      • Case

      The 1995 Release of the Institutional Investor Research Report: The Impact of New Information

      By: Boris Groysberg, Nitin Nohria and Derek Haas
      In 1995, Institutional Investor magazine began selling a complete ranking of the best equity research analysts. This report allowed research firms to assess the relative quality of each analyst across the industry, and this enabled firms to know nearly as much about... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Investment Banking; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Reports; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Performance Evaluation; Banking Industry
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      Groysberg, Boris, Nitin Nohria, and Derek Haas. "The 1995 Release of the Institutional Investor Research Report: The Impact of New Information." Harvard Business School Case 408-061, November 2007.
      • November 2007
      • Background Note

      Asset Allocation I

      By: Joshua D. Coval, Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zack Page and Paulo Passoni
      The goal of these simulations is to understand the mathematics of mean-variance optimization and the equilibrium pricing of risk if all investors use this rule with common information sets. Simulation A focuses on five to 10 years of monthly sector returns that are... View Details
      Keywords: Asset Pricing; Capital; Investment Return; Risk Management; Mathematical Methods
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      Coval, Joshua D., Erik Stafford, Rodrigo Osmo, John Jernigan, Zack Page, and Paulo Passoni. "Asset Allocation I." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-086, November 2007.
      • November 2007
      • Case

      Antegren: A Beacon of Hope

      By: Joshua D. Margolis, Thomas J. DeLong and Terence Heymann
      The CEO of Biogen Idec faces a set of difficult decisions regarding a promising drug for Multiple Sclerosis that is headed for early approval by the FDA. The first in a series focuses on operational decisions triggered by the drive for early approval. Sparks discussion... View Details
      Keywords: Demand and Consumers; Leadership; Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Decision Choices and Conditions; Crisis Management; Health Testing and Trials; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Margolis, Joshua D., Thomas J. DeLong, and Terence Heymann. "Antegren: A Beacon of Hope." Harvard Business School Case 408-025, November 2007.
      • October 2007
      • Background Note

      Price Formation

      By: Joshua D. Coval and Erik Stafford
      Investigates how prices are formed in competitive capital markets. Focuses on a single security called AOE. Students compete with computer traders and each other for market making and informed trading profits. Participants receive a variety of public news in the form... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Markets; Price; Profit; Corporate Disclosure; Newsletters; Industry Structures; Business Processes; Competitive Strategy
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      Coval, Joshua D., and Erik Stafford. "Price Formation." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-040, October 2007.
      • October 2007 (Revised December 2007)
      • Case

      TiVo 2007: DVRs and Beyond

      By: David B. Yoffie and Michael Slind
      Tom Rogers, CEO of TiVo, had placed multiple strategic bets on his company. In September 2007, that strategy was due for a major test. TiVo was a maker of digital video recorder (DVR) products and a distributor of DVR technology. Rogers believed that macro-trends in... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Business Model; Television Entertainment; Intellectual Property; Lawsuits and Litigation; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Distribution; Problems and Challenges; Partners and Partnerships; Research; Internet; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States
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      Yoffie, David B., and Michael Slind. "TiVo 2007: DVRs and Beyond." Harvard Business School Case 708-401, October 2007. (Revised December 2007.)
      • 2007
      • Book

      An Experiment in Fair Value Accounting? The State of the Art in Research and Thought Leadership on Accounting for Life Assurance in the UK and Continental Europe

      By: Joanne G Horton, Richard H. Macve and George Serafeim
      "Fair value" is currently the central topic of debate in the development of accounting standards. While it has now been defined to mean an exit price in US GAAP, the IASB is still considering its own definition, and some commentators are arguing for versions of entry... View Details
      Keywords: Transition; Financial Instruments; Framework; Market Entry and Exit; Insurance; Revenue Recognition; Fair Value Accounting; Standards; United Kingdom
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      Horton, Joanne G., Richard H. Macve, and George Serafeim. An Experiment in Fair Value Accounting? The State of the Art in Research and Thought Leadership on Accounting for Life Assurance in the UK and Continental Europe. London, UK: Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Centre for Business Performance, 2007.
      • Fourth Quarter 2007
      • Article

      Contingent Claims Approach to Measuring and Managing Sovereign Credit Risk

      By: Dale . F. Gray, Robert C. Merton and Zvi Bodie
      This paper proposes a new approach to measure, analyze, and manage sovereign risk based on the theory and practice of modern contingent claims analysis (CCA). The paper provides a new framework for adapting the CCA model to the sovereign balance sheet in a way that can... View Details
      Keywords: Credit; Investment; Sovereign Finance; Risk Management; Emerging Markets; Market Transactions; Mathematical Methods; Valuation
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      Gray, Dale . F., Robert C. Merton, and Zvi Bodie. "Contingent Claims Approach to Measuring and Managing Sovereign Credit Risk." Special Issue on Credit Analysis. Journal of Investment Management 5, no. 4 (Fourth Quarter 2007): 5–28.
      • 2007
      • Book

      Entrepreneurship and Global Capitalism

      By: G. Jones and Rohit Daniel Wadhwani
      These volumes demonstrates the importance of historical perspectives in the study of entrepreneurship. By exploring the role of entrepreneurship in the history of global capitalism, the authors show that historical knowledge can challenge widely accepted... View Details
      Keywords: History; Diasporas; Economic Systems; Globalized Economies and Regions; Globalized Firms and Management; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Jones, G. and Rohit Daniel Wadhwani, eds. Entrepreneurship and Global Capitalism. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.
      • October 2007
      • Article

      The Effectiveness of Pre-Release Advertising for Motion Pictures: An Empirical Investigation Using a Simulated Market

      By: Anita Elberse and Bharat N. Anand
      One of the most visible and publicized trends in the movie industry is the escalation in movie advertising expenditures over time. Yet, the returns to movie advertising are poorly understood. The main reason is that disentangling the causal effect of advertising on... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Stocks; Investment Return; Price; Revenue; Quality; Mathematical Methods; Motion Pictures and Video Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Bharat N. Anand. "The Effectiveness of Pre-Release Advertising for Motion Pictures: An Empirical Investigation Using a Simulated Market." Information Economics and Policy 19, nos. 3-4 (October 2007): 319–343. (Special Issue on Economics of the Media.)
      • September 2007
      • Article

      (Noisy) Communication

      By: Bharat Anand and Ron Shachar
      Communication is central to many settings in marketing and economics. A focal attribute of communication is miscommunication. We model this key characteristic as a noise in the messages communicated, so that the sender of a message is uncertain about its perception by... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Intention and Meaning; Interpersonal Communication; Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Communications; Performance Improvement; Mathematical Methods
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      Anand, Bharat, and Ron Shachar. "(Noisy) Communication." Quantitative Marketing and Economics 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 211–237. (Lead Article.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer

      By: Katherine L. Milkman, John Beshears, Todd Rogers and Max H. Bazerman
      We study the effect of small windfalls on consumer spending decisions by examining the purchasing behavior of a sample of online grocery shoppers over the course of a year. We compare the purchases customers make when redeeming a $10-off coupon they received from their... View Details
      Keywords: Spending; Consumer Behavior; Mathematical Methods; Food and Beverage Industry; Retail Industry
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      Milkman, Katherine L., John Beshears, Todd Rogers, and Max H. Bazerman. "Mental Accounting and Small Windfalls: Evidence from an Online Grocer." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-024, September 2007. (Revised March 2008.)
      • September – October 2007
      • Article

      Trading Patterns and Excess Comovement of Stock Returns

      By: Robin Greenwood and Nathan Sosner
      n April 2000, 30 stocks were replaced in the Nikkei 225 Index. The unusually broad index redefinition allowed for a study of the effects of index-linked trading on the excess comovement of stock returns. A large increase occurred in the correlation of trading volume of... View Details
      Keywords: Stocks; Investment Return; Market Transactions; Mathematical Methods
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Nathan Sosner. "Trading Patterns and Excess Comovement of Stock Returns." Financial Analysts Journal 63, no. 5 (September–October 2007): 69–81.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open Questions

      By: Alvin E. Roth
      The deferred acceptance algorithm proposed by Gale and Shapley (1962) has had a profound influence on market design, both directly, by being adapted into practical matching mechanisms, and, indirectly, by raising new theoretical questions. Deferred acceptance... View Details
      Keywords: Education; Marketplace Matching; Market Design; Mathematical Methods; Theory; Practice
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      Roth, Alvin E. "Deferred Acceptance Algorithms: History, Theory, Practice, and Open Questions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13225, July 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Innovation through Global Collaboration: A New Source of Competitive Advantage

      By: Alan MacCormack, Theodore Forbath, Peter Brooks and Patrick Kalaher
      Many recent studies highlight the need to rethink the way we manage innovation. Traditional approaches, based on the assumption that the creation and pursuit of new ideas is best accomplished by a centralized and collocated R&D team, are rapidly becoming outdated.... View Details
      Keywords: Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Groups and Teams; Research and Development; Performance Improvement; Management Practices and Processes; Partners and Partnerships; Competency and Skills; Framework; Competitive Advantage; Global Strategy; Opportunities; Cost
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      MacCormack, Alan, Theodore Forbath, Peter Brooks, and Patrick Kalaher. "Innovation through Global Collaboration: A New Source of Competitive Advantage." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-079, July 2007. (revised August 2007.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt

      By: Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
      Most models currently used to determine optimal foreign reserve holdings take the level of international debt as given. However, given the sovereign's willingness-to-pay incentive problems, reserve accumulation may reduce sustainable debt levels. In addition, assuming... View Details
      Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Liquidity; International Finance; Emerging Markets; Mathematical Methods
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Fabio Kanczuk. "Optimal Reserve Management and Sovereign Debt." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13216, July 2007.
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