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Publications

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs

      By: Mengjie Cheng, Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      We study how media firms can use LLMs to generate news content that aligns with multiple objectives—making content more engaging while maintaining a preferred level of polarization/slant consistent with the firm’s editorial policy. Using news articles from The New York... View Details
      Keywords: Large Language Models; Content Creation; Media; Polarization; Generative Ai; Direct Preference Optimization; AI and Machine Learning; News; Perspective; Digital Marketing; Policy; Media and Broadcasting Industry
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      Cheng, Mengjie, Elie Ofek, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-051, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets

      By: Eva Ascarza
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-056. Tabby, a Saudi-based fintech founded in 2019, rapidly became one of the MENA region’s first unicorns by offering buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) services with a unique twist: instead of charging end consumers, it partnered with... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Business Startups; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Strategy; Business Model; Competitive Strategy; Financial Services Industry; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates
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      Ascarza, Eva. "Tabby: Winning Customers' Digital Wallets." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-057, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Supplement

      Transformative Social Impact: Health Leads (B)

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Sarah Appleby
      Video Supplement to HBS Case No. 517-022 and 517-024. Instructors should consider the timing of making videos available to students, as they may reveal key case details. View Details
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Sarah Appleby. "Transformative Social Impact: Health Leads (B)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 525-702, April 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar and Xupin Zhang
      Non-informational cues, such as facial expressions, can significantly influence judgments and interpersonal impressions. While past research has explored how smiling affects business outcomes in offline or in-store contexts, relatively less is known about how smiling... View Details
      Keywords: Sharing Economy; Airbnb; Image Feature Extraction; Machine Learning; Facial Expressions; Prejudice and Bias; Nonverbal Communication; E-commerce; Consumer Behavior; Perception
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Elizabeth Friedman, Kannan Srinivasan, Ravi Dhar, and Xupin Zhang. "Serving with a Smile on Airbnb: Analyzing the Economic Returns and Behavioral Underpinnings of the Host’s Smile." Journal of Consumer Research 51, no. 6 (April 2025): 1073–1097.
      • March 27, 2025
      • Article

      How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base

      By: Sunil Gupta and Frank V. Cespedes
      The software company SAP successfully leveraged AI tools to begin selling to the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) market, which had previously been uneconomical for its in-person sales approach. By mapping the customer journey and deploying over 40 AI tools, SAP... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Sales; Business Strategy; Market Entry and Exit
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      Gupta, Sunil, and Frank V. Cespedes. "How One Company Used AI to Broaden Its Customer Base." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 27, 2025).
      • March 2025
      • Case

      YouTube: Bidding for NFL Sunday Ticket

      By: Anita Elberse and Crystal Yao
      In December 2022, Erin Teague, a senior director and the global head of sports, movies and shows at YouTube, technology giant Alphabet Inc.’s video- sharing platform, received the news that Sundar Pichai, the chief executive officer of Alphabet and its subsidiary... View Details
      Keywords: General Management; Entertainment; Media; Sports; Marketing; Management; Business Strategy; Bids and Bidding; Sports Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Crystal Yao. "YouTube: Bidding for NFL Sunday Ticket." Harvard Business School Case 525-045, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Supplement

      Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef? Spreadsheet Supplement

      By: Elie Ofek
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      Ofek, Elie. "Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where's the Beef? Spreadsheet Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 525-707, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Supplement

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults (B)

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Elie Ofek and Orna Dan
      Two years after Intuition Robotics opted to pursue a business-to-government contract with the New York State Office of the Aging, and put direct-to-consumer efforts on the back burner, it was at a crossroads. The partnership had been successful, and the company had... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; AI and Machine Learning; Resource Allocation; Business and Government Relations; Partners and Partnerships; Business Strategy; Health Industry; Technology Industry; New York (state, US); United States
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Elie Ofek, and Orna Dan. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 925-019, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 524-052. View Details
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Eva Ascarza. "Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-046, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Is Personal Identity Intransitive?

      By: J. De Freitas and L. J. Rips
      There has been a call for a potentially revolutionary change to our existing understanding of the psychological concept of personal identity. Apparently, people can psychologically represent people, including themselves, as multiple individuals at the same time. Here... View Details
      Keywords: Identity; Judgments
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      De Freitas, J., and L. J. Rips. "Is Personal Identity Intransitive?" Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 154, no. 3 (March 2025): 775–786.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Jorge Tamayo
      Retailers are key intermediaries through which consumers encounter innovation in the form of new products. How are these products rolled out within retailers? We observe significant variation in the availability of new products across stores in a large retail chain in... View Details
      Keywords: Managerial Quality; Firm Performance; Diffusion Of Innovation; New Product Rollout; Retailing; Distribution Channels; Product Launch; Management Skills; Retail Industry; Colombia
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Jorge Tamayo. "New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-041, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Barbie: Reviving a Cultural Icon at Mattel

      By: Elie Ofek and Sarah Mehta
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 525-006 and 525-020. View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Marketing Strategy; Entertainment Marketing; Intellectual Property; Consumer Preferences; Toy Industry; Culture And Marketing; Societal Marketing; Brand Purpose; Diversity And Inclusion; Turnaround Strategies
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      Ofek, Elie, and Sarah Mehta. "Barbie: Reviving a Cultural Icon at Mattel." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-039, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where’s the Beef?

      By: Elie Ofek
      Teaching Note for HBS Case 525-010. View Details
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      Ofek, Elie. "Dynamic Pricing at Wendy's: Where’s the Beef?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-050, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Case

      RedBird Capital Partners

      By: Anita Elberse and David Moreno Vicente
      In July 2024, Gerry Cardinale, the founder and managing partner of RedBird Capital Partners (‘RedBird’) has helped orchestrate a high-profile deal in the world of entertainment: one in which Skydance Media (‘Skydance’), a content production studio led by David Ellison... View Details
      Keywords: Entertainment; Media; Film; Television; Sports; Superstars; Marketing; Strategy; General Management; Investing; Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Asset Management
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      Elberse, Anita, and David Moreno Vicente. "RedBird Capital Partners." Harvard Business School Case 525-049, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Teaching Note

      The Pokémon Company: Evolving into an Everlasting Brand

      By: Tomomichi Amano
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      Amano, Tomomichi. "The Pokémon Company: Evolving into an Everlasting Brand." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 525-042, February 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning

      By: Liangzong Ma, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
      Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant challenges.... View Details
      Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
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      Ma, Liangzong, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-037, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Teaching Note

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults

      By: Amit Goldenberg and Elie Ofek
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 925-018. View Details
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      Goldenberg, Amit, and Elie Ofek. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 925-026, February 2025.
      • February 2025
      • Article

      Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots

      By: Julian De Freitas and I. Glenn Cohen
      In the wake of recent advancements in generative AI, regulatory bodies are trying to keep pace. One key decision is whether to require app makers to disclose the use of generative AI-powered chatbots in their products. We suggest that some generative AI-based chatbots... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software; Well-being
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      De Freitas, Julian, and I. Glenn Cohen. "Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots." New England Journal of Medicine AI 2, no. 2 (February 2025).
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Elie Ofek and Orna Dan
      Intuition Robotics, a startup that makes an AI companion robot to alleviate older adults’ loneliness, debates whether to pursue a B2C model or B2G route. If it opts for the government vertical, it must determine how to negotiate a favorable deal. Two weeks after... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Product Launch; Market Entry and Exit; Negotiation Offer; Business and Government Relations; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States; New York (state, US)
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Elie Ofek, and Orna Dan. "Intuition Robotics: An AI Companion for Older Adults." Harvard Business School Case 925-018, January 2025.
      • Working Paper

      AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance

      By: Yannick Exner, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer and Shunyuan Zhang
      Generative AI’s recent advancements in creating content have offered vast potential to transform the advertising industry. This research investigates the impact of generative AI-enabled visual ad creation on real-world advertising effectiveness. For this purpose, we... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Advertising; Consumer Behavior; Advertising Industry
      Citation
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      Exner, Yannick, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer, and Shunyuan Zhang. "AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5096969.
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