Publications

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December 2019 (Revised May 2020)
Case

Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos

By: Ethan Rouen and Akari Furukawa

TJX Companies reported a CEO pay ratio of 1,596-to-1 in 2019, leaving board chair Carol Meyrowitz with a host of questions about whether, and how, she could take action to address concerns raised by having one of the highest pay ratios in the S&P 500. As a retail... View Details

Keywords: CEO Pay Ratio; Income; Equality and Inequality; Executive Compensation; Corporate Disclosure; Business and Stakeholder Relations

Educators

20 Jan 2012
Working Paper Summaries

Income Inequality and Social Preferences for Redistribution and Compensation Differentials

Keywords: by William R. Kerr

18 Aug 2014
News

Fighting income inequality with early education reform

Anne Dias Griffin (MBA 1997) believes the early years are a critical time to correct income disparity. “There is a much higher return on investment in early childhood. It’s more expensive to intervene later,” says Dias Griffin, founder... View Details

19 Dec 2012
News

The Unequal State of America: Does income inequality matter? And how?

December 2018 (Revised March 2020)
Technical Note

Note on Economic Inequality (2020)

By: Rebecca Henderson, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez

For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. While this economic growth has reduced the number of people living in poverty, it has come with an increase in economic inequality. The gap between the "haves" and the... View Details

Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Wealth Inequality; Equality Of Opportunity; Political Polarization; Economic Growth; Economics; Income; Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Society; Problems and Challenges

Educators

July 2021
Article

Invisible Inequality Leads to Punishing the Poor and Rewarding the Rich

By: Oliver P. Hauser, Gordon T. Kraft-Todd, David Rand, Martin A. Nowak and Michael I. Norton

Four experiments examine how the lack of awareness of inequality affects behaviour towards the rich and poor. In Experiment 1, participants who became aware that wealthy individuals donated a smaller percentage of their income switched from rewarding the wealthy to... View Details

Keywords: Income Transparency; Income; Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Knowledge; Behavior; Outcome or Result; Society; Policy

08 Sep 2014
News

Income inequality is unsustainable – Just ask Harvard Business School

May 2020
Teaching Note

Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos

By: Ethan Rouen

Teaching Note for HBS No. 120-063. View Details

28 May 2013
News

Technology and income dynamics: 1800-2000

Article

(Mis)perceptions of Inequality

By: Oliver P. Hauser and Michael I. Norton

Inequality is arguably the defining societal issue of the 21st century. The debate over “who gets what’ underlies policy debates ranging from taxation to health care to wages and permeates society at all levels, attracting increasing interest from policymakers,... View Details

Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Wealth and Poverty; Perception; Society; Policy

May 2005 (Revised May 2011)
Background Note

Inequality and Globalization

By: David A. Moss, Anna Harrington and Jonathan Schlefer

Inequality represented a major issue at the dawn of the 21st century. By many measures, inequality had increased over the previous several decades, within both developed and developing countries. Whether global inequality (measured across countries or among the people... View Details

Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Wealth and Poverty; Income; Globalization

Educators

04 Jan 2012
What Do You Think?

Income Inequality: What’s the Right Amount?

inequality is measured in terms of opportunity or the actual accumulation of varying levels of income and wealth. Inequality is inevitable and perhaps necessary in a free... View Details

Keywords: by Jim Heskett

2012
Chapter

Inflection Point: New Vision, New Strategy, New Organization

By: Nancy O. Andrews and Nicolas P. Retsinas

What does it cost to build a great society? More pointedly, what does it cost to lose a great society? Since the War on Poverty began almost 50 years ago, investments in America’s communities have spurred those questions. Today we face a society more unequal than... View Details

Keywords: Income Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Income; Residency; Poverty

15 Apr 2015
Research & Ideas

Why Americans Voted for an Income Tax

rich. We ask the highest earners among us to pay a greater share of their income than the rest of us. But, despite the well-known fact that inequality in incomes is now at... View Details

Keywords: by Matthew C. Weinzierl

2007
Working Paper

Plant-Size Distribution and Cross-Country Income Differences

By: Laura Alfaro, Andrew Charlton and Fabio Kanzcuk

We investigate, using plant-level data for 79 developed and developing countries, whether differences in the allocation of resources across heterogeneous plants are a significant determinant of cross-country differences in income per worker. For this purpose, we use a... View Details

Keywords: Heterogeneous Plants; Productivity; Policy Distortions; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Resource Allocation; Macroeconomics

09 Sep 2015
News

Survey: US more competitive globally, but inequality a risk

June 23, 2020
Article

Inequality in Socially Permissible Consumption

By: Serena Hagerty and Kate Barasz

Lower-income individuals are frequently criticized for their consumption decisions; this research examines why. Eleven preregistered studies document systematic differences in permissible consumption—interpersonal judgments about what is acceptable (or not) for others... View Details

Keywords: Interpersonal Judgments; Consumption; Economic Inequalty; Income; Equality and Inequality; Spending; Judgments

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