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    • All HBS Web  (371)
      • Faculty Publications  (59)

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      • March 2012
      • Article

      Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Christina Lubinski
      This article is concerned with business strategies of political risk management during the twentieth century. It focuses especially on Beiersdorf, a pharmaceutical and skin care company in Germany. During World War I, the expropriation of its brands and trademarks... View Details
      Keywords: Business Strategy; Government and Politics; Risk Management; Brands and Branding; Problems and Challenges; Communication Technology; Cost; Trademarks; Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Germany
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Christina Lubinski. "Managing Political Risk in Global Business: Beiersdorf 1914-1990." Enterprise & Society 13, no. 1 (March 2012): 85–119.
      • Fall 2011
      • Article

      A Brief Postwar History of U.S. Consumer Finance

      By: Gunnar Trumbull and Peter Tufano
      In this brief history of U.S. consumer finance since World War II, the sector is defined based on the functions delivered by firms in the form of payments, savings and investing, borrowing, managing risk, and providing advice. Evidence of major trends in consumption,... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Finance; Consumer Credit; U.s. History; Consumer Behavior; Personal Finance; Credit; Trends; History; United States
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      Trumbull, Gunnar, and Peter Tufano. "A Brief Postwar History of U.S. Consumer Finance." Business History Review 85, no. 3 (Fall 2011): 461–498.
      • June 2011
      • Teaching Note

      Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 (TN)

      By: David B. Yoffie
      Teaching Note for 711462. View Details
      Keywords: Industry Structures; Competitive Strategy; Competition; Price; Brands and Branding; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Yoffie, David B. "Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 (TN)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 711-531, June 2011.
      • January 2011 (Revised April 2023)
      • Course Overview Note

      The Coming of Managerial Capitalism: Overview

      By: Tom Nicholas
      This is a course overview note for The Coming of Managerial Capitalism. CMC is chronologically organized. It starts in the late eighteenth century when America gained independence, spans the remarkable rise to industrial maturity during the nineteenth and twentieth... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Business or Company Management; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Welfare; War; Transformation; Information Technology; Finance; Situation or Environment; Decision Making; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; United States
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      Nicholas, Tom. "The Coming of Managerial Capitalism: Overview." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 811-033, January 2011. (Revised April 2023.)
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America

      By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
      As the main producers of managerial elites, business schools represent strategic research sites for understanding the formation of economic practices and representations. This article draws on historical material to analyze the changing place of economics in American... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Practice; Business Education; Labor and Management Relations; Decision Making; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Finance; Knowledge; Production; Business Conglomerates; Education Industry; United States
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      Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-071, January 2011.
      • December 2010 (Revised May 2011)
      • Case

      Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010

      By: David B. Yoffie and Renee Kim
      Examines the industry structure and competitive strategy of Coca-Cola and Pepsi over 100 years of rivalry. The most intense battles of the cola wars were fought over the $74 billion CSD industry in the United States, where the average American consumes 46 gallons of... View Details
      Keywords: Profit; Growth and Development Strategy; Industry Structures; Competitive Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Yoffie, David B., and Renee Kim. "Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010." Harvard Business School Case 711-462, December 2010. (Revised May 2011.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      A Brief Postwar History of U.S. Consumer Finance

      By: Andrea Ryan, Gunnar Trumbull and Peter Tufano
      This article describes the consumer finance sector in the US since World War II. We first define the sector in terms of the functions delivered by firms (payments, savings/investing, borrowing, managing risk, and providing advice.) We provide time series evidence on... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Borrowing and Debt; Mortgages; Personal Finance; Business History; Innovation and Invention; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Ryan, Andrea, Gunnar Trumbull, and Peter Tufano. "A Brief Postwar History of U.S. Consumer Finance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-058, December 2010.
      • fall 2010
      • Article

      Lawsuits and Empire: On the Enforcement of Sovereign Debt in Latin America

      By: Faisal Z. Ahmed, Laura Alfaro and Noel Maurer
      The re-occurring phenomenon of sovereign default has prompted an enormous theoretical and empirical literature. Most of this research has focused on why countries ever chose to pay their debts (or why private creditors ever expected repayment). The problem originates... View Details
      Keywords: Lawsuits and Litigation; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Sovereign Finance; Borrowing and Debt; Debt Securities; Motivation and Incentives; Markets; Equity; Banking Industry; Latin America
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      Ahmed, Faisal Z., Laura Alfaro, and Noel Maurer. "Lawsuits and Empire: On the Enforcement of Sovereign Debt in Latin America." Law and Contemporary Problems 73, no. 4 (fall 2010): 39–46.
      • 2009
      • Book

      Reorganize for Resilience: Putting Customers at the Center of Your Organization

      By: Ranjay Gulati
      In an era of raging commoditization and eroding profit margins, survival depends on resilience: staying one step ahead of your customers. Sure, most companies say they're "customer focused," but they don't deliver solutions to customers' thorniest problems. Why?... View Details
      Keywords: Competency and Skills; Customer Focus and Relationships; Profit; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Cooperation
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      Gulati, Ranjay. Reorganize for Resilience: Putting Customers at the Center of Your Organization. Harvard Business Press, 2009.
      • October 2009 (Revised July 2010)
      • Case

      Roshan: Light at the end of the tunnel in Afghanistan

      By: Herman B. Leonard and Qahir Dhanani
      Roshan is a highly successful telecommunications company founded by the Aga Khan fund for economic development in Afghanistan during an ongoing civil conflict. Company leaders must now decide financial and market strategy for the next phase of development of the... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; War; Telecommunications Industry; Afghanistan
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      Leonard, Herman B., and Qahir Dhanani. "Roshan: Light at the end of the tunnel in Afghanistan." Harvard Business School Case 310-041, October 2009. (Revised July 2010.)
      • April 2009
      • Case

      The First Global Financial Crisis of the 21st Century

      By: Laura Alfaro and Renee Kim
      The global economy was expected to suffer from negative growth for the full year in 2009, a phenomenon not seen since World War II. While the U.S. subprime mortgage disaster was blamed as the original instigator, it was noted that the "global imbalances" of the U.S.... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Crisis; Mortgages; Globalized Economies and Regions; Policy; International Relations; Business and Government Relations; Conflict and Resolution
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Renee Kim. "The First Global Financial Crisis of the 21st Century." Harvard Business School Case 709-057, April 2009.
      • March 2009 (Revised January 2025)
      • Background Note

      A Strait of Uncertainty: Taiwan's Development in the Shadow of China

      By: William C. Kirby, J. Megan Greene, Tracy Yuen Manty, Daniel Fu, Yuanzhuo Wang, Noah B. Truwit and Aqib Zakaria
      Relations between the People’s Republic of China (PRC), on the Chinese Mainland, and the Republic of China (ROC), on Taiwan, had improved significantly since 2008. Taiwan investment in China had played a major role in China’s economic boom in recent decades. ... View Details
      Keywords: History; Development Economics; Investment; Economic Growth; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Financial Crisis; China; Taiwan
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      Kirby, William C., J. Megan Greene, Tracy Yuen Manty, Daniel Fu, Yuanzhuo Wang, Noah B. Truwit, and Aqib Zakaria. "A Strait of Uncertainty: Taiwan's Development in the Shadow of China." Harvard Business School Background Note 909-408, March 2009. (Revised January 2025.)
      • January 2009 (Revised February 2009)
      • Case

      Pitney Bowes: Employer Health Strategy

      By: Michael E. Porter and Jennifer F Baron
      Pitney Bowes, a Fortune 500 mail and document management firm, offered its first health plans in the years following World War II. Over the ensuing decades, Pitney Bowes adapted its approach to employee health amid rising health care costs, shifting employer attitudes... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Insurance; Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Corporate Strategy
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      Porter, Michael E., and Jennifer F Baron. "Pitney Bowes: Employer Health Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 709-458, January 2009. (Revised February 2009.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America

      By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
      As the main producers of managerial elites, business schools represent strategic research sites for understanding the formation of economic practices and representations. This article draws on historical material to analyze the changing place of economics in American... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Business Education; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business History; Chicago
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      Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "From Social Control to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-037, September 2008.
      • 2008
      • Other Unpublished Work

      From Public Purpose to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America

      By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
      As the main producers of managerial elites, business schools represent strategic research sites for understanding the formation of economic practices and representations. This article draws on historical material to analyze the changing place of economics in American... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Business Education; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business History; Chicago
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      Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "From Public Purpose to Financial Economics: The Linked Ecologies of Economics and Business in Twentieth Century America." 2008.
      • January 2008
      • Case

      The Deutsche Bank (A)

      By: David A. Moss
      Founded in 1870 to help finance surging German exports and imports, the Deutsche Bank soon moved into domestic banking. In fact, its founders aimed to create both a commercial bank and an investment bank under one roof—that is, a "universal bank." By the end of the... View Details
      Keywords: History; Investment Banking; Commercial Banking; Banking Industry; Germany
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      Moss, David A. "The Deutsche Bank (A)." Harvard Business School Case 708-044, January 2008.
      • January 2008 (Revised September 2009)
      • Case

      Financing American Housing Construction in the Aftermath of War

      By: David Moss and Cole Bolton
      At the start of WWI, the United States faced a significant housing shortage. Public officials feared the spread of disease—and even communism—in the nation's cramped urban centers where vacancy rates held near zero and families often "doubled up" in single-housing... View Details
      Keywords: Central Banking; Bonds; Mortgages; Government Legislation; Business History; Housing; Banking Industry; United States
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      Moss, David, and Cole Bolton. "Financing American Housing Construction in the Aftermath of War." Harvard Business School Case 708-032, January 2008. (Revised September 2009.)
      • November 2007 (Revised January 2013)
      • Case

      Indonesia: Attracting Foreign Investment

      By: Michael E. Porter and Christian H.M. Ketels
      Describes the economic development of Indonesia from independence after World War II to 2006 and the post-Suharto period. The coverage of the post-Suharto period provides evidence of how political and economic conditions are intertwined after a change in the political... View Details
      Keywords: History; Situation or Environment; Competitive Strategy; Emerging Markets; Policy; Foreign Direct Investment; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; Indonesia
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      Porter, Michael E., and Christian H.M. Ketels. "Indonesia: Attracting Foreign Investment." Harvard Business School Case 708-420, November 2007. (Revised January 2013.)
      • October 2007 (Revised January 2009)
      • Background Note

      Analyzing Relative Costs

      By: Hanna Halaburda and Jan W. Rivkin
      Introduces students to the technique of relative cost analysis, a core technique of strategists. Among the intricate quantitative analyses that strategists undertake, relative cost analysis may be the most common. The goal of a relative cost analysis is simply to... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Mathematical Methods; Competition; Competitive Advantage
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      Halaburda, Hanna, and Jan W. Rivkin. "Analyzing Relative Costs." Harvard Business School Background Note 708-462, October 2007. (Revised January 2009.)
      • November 2006 (Revised May 2014)
      • Case

      Li Ka-Shing and the Growth of Cheung Kong

      By: Nitin Nohria, Anthony J. Mayo and Mark Benson
      Events in the history of Cheung Kong's growth reveal how Li Ka-Shing applied his skills as a "first-class noticer" to complex political and socioeconomic environments. While Li's determination to succeed is legendary, so are his skills in reading and responding to the... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Competency and Skills; Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment Portfolio; Business History; Leadership; Personal Development and Career; Hong Kong
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      Nohria, Nitin, Anthony J. Mayo, and Mark Benson. "Li Ka-Shing and the Growth of Cheung Kong." Harvard Business School Case 407-062, November 2006. (Revised May 2014.)
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