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      • February 2025
      • Article

      Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots

      By: Julian De Freitas and I. Glenn Cohen
      In the wake of recent advancements in generative AI, regulatory bodies are trying to keep pace. One key decision is whether to require app makers to disclose the use of generative AI-powered chatbots in their products. We suggest that some generative AI-based chatbots... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software; Well-being
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      De Freitas, Julian, and I. Glenn Cohen. "Disclosure, Humanizing, and Contextual Vulnerability of Generative AI Chatbots." New England Journal of Medicine AI 2, no. 2 (February 2025).
      • January 2025
      • Teaching Plan

      Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM

      By: Willy Shih
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 625-003. New United Motors Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) was a joint venture between Toyota and General Motors. It was an opportunity for GM to learn about the Toyota Production System, which was quite different from the mass production... View Details
      Keywords: Culture Change; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Joint Ventures; Transformation; Selection and Staffing; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Labor Unions; Management Systems; Performance Improvement; Production; Labor and Management Relations; Auto Industry; Japan; United States
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      Shih, Willy. "Knowledge Transfer: Toyota, NUMMI, and GM." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 625-071, January 2025.
      • January 2025 (Revised February 2025)
      • Technical Note

      Skills-First Talent Management Onboarding, Development, and Performance Management

      By: Boris Groysberg, James Barnett, Robin Abrahams and Katherine Connolly Baden
      The second in a series of notes on how organizations manage skills-first talent-management chains, covering onboarding, development, and performance management. Onboarding included the practices, programs, and policies used by an organization to facilitate new employee... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Employee Relationship Management; Management Systems; Performance; Personal Development and Career
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      Groysberg, Boris, James Barnett, Robin Abrahams, and Katherine Connolly Baden. "Skills-First Talent Management Onboarding, Development, and Performance Management." Harvard Business School Technical Note 425-020, January 2025. (Revised February 2025.)
      • January 2025
      • Technical Note

      AI vs Human: Analyzing Acceptable Error Rates Using the Confusion Matrix

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
      This technical note introduces the confusion matrix as a foundational tool in artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) for assessing the performance of classification models, focusing on their reliability for decision-making. A confusion matrix... View Details
      Keywords: Reliability; Confusion Matrix; AI and Machine Learning; Decision Making; Measurement and Metrics; Performance
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Tim Englehart. "AI vs Human: Analyzing Acceptable Error Rates Using the Confusion Matrix." Harvard Business School Technical Note 425-049, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital

      By: Lauren Cohen, Grace Headinger and Sophia Pan
      Ilya Kondrashov, CEO of Quantum Light Capital, was driven to harness AI for identifying high-potential scale-ups. Collaborating with Nik Storonsky, founder of Revolut, the duo observed that most venture capital (VC) decisions were heavily influenced by emotion, with... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Business Finance; Data Analysis; Angel Investors; Cognitive Biases; Scale; Venture Capital; Investment; Business Model; Forecasting and Prediction; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Public Opinion; Private Sector; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Business Earnings; Behavioral Finance; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; London; United Kingdom
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      Cohen, Lauren, Grace Headinger, and Sophia Pan. "AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital." Harvard Business School Case 225-053, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors

      By: Clayton S. Rose, Sarah Sasso and James Weber
      In June 2024, investors were trying to make sense of ExxonMobil’s (Exxon) lawsuit against two impact investors, Arjuna Capital (Arjuna) and Follow This, that had just been dismissed by the U.S. District Court of Northern Texas. Exxon’s suit challenged the rights of two... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Talent and Talent Management; Customer Satisfaction; Decision Making; Demographics; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Employees; Recruitment; Retention; Leadership; Crisis Management; Risk Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Adaptation; Investment Activism; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business and Shareholder Relations; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Health Industry; Energy Industry; United States; Netherlands; Norway
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      Rose, Clayton S., Sarah Sasso, and James Weber. "A Tiger in the Tank: Exxon Sues Investors." Harvard Business School Case 325-015, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      Cyber Oversight: SolarWinds Board of Directors

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      In 2020, just two years after its IPO, information technology company SolarWinds discovered that it was the victim of an attack on its information systems by Russian hackers. The incident, known as the Sunburst attack, was costly for the company, and certain... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Governing and Advisory Boards; Cybersecurity; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Business and Shareholder Relations; Risk Management; Information Technology Industry; United States; Texas; Delaware
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Cyber Oversight: SolarWinds Board of Directors." Harvard Business School Case 325-080, January 2025.
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementations and Corporate Misconduct

      By: Jonas Heese and Joseph Pacelli
      This study examines whether enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations are associated with reductions in corporate misconduct. Specifically, we study the relation between staggered facility-level rollouts of ERP systems and facility-level regulatory violations... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance
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      Heese, Jonas, and Joseph Pacelli. "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementations and Corporate Misconduct." Accounting Review 100, no. 1 (January 2025): 291–315.
      • January 2025
      • Article

      Reducing Prejudice with Counter-stereotypical AI

      By: Erik Hermann, Julian De Freitas and Stefano Puntoni
      Based on a review of relevant literature, we propose that the proliferation of AI with human-like and social features presents an unprecedented opportunity to address the underlying cognitive and affective drivers of prejudice. An approach informed by the psychology of... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; AI and Machine Learning; Interpersonal Communication; Social and Collaborative Networks
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      Hermann, Erik, Julian De Freitas, and Stefano Puntoni. "Reducing Prejudice with Counter-stereotypical AI." Consumer Psychology Review 8, no. 1 (January 2025): 75–86.
      • December 10, 2024
      • Article

      Is Your Company’s Problem Complicated? Or Complex?

      By: Nitin Nohria, Bill George and Kayti Stanley
      Complicated problems, which can be solved with systematic approaches, are different from complex problems, which require adaptive strategies and continuous learning. Many leaders conflate the two types, have more experience with complicated problems, and therefore may... View Details
      Keywords: Complexity; Adaptation; Leadership; Problems and Challenges
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      Nohria, Nitin, Bill George, and Kayti Stanley. "Is Your Company’s Problem Complicated? Or Complex?" Harvard Business Review (website) (December 10, 2024).
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Are Bankruptcy Professional Fees Excessively High?

      By: Samuel Antill
      Chapter 7 is the most popular bankruptcy system for U.S. firms and individuals. Chapter 7 professional fees are substantial. Theoretically, high fees might be an unavoidable cost of incentivizing professionals. I test this empirically. I study trustees, the most... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Motivation and Incentives; Policy
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      Antill, Samuel. "Are Bankruptcy Professional Fees Excessively High?" Review of Financial Studies 37, no. 12 (December 2024): 3595–3647. (RFS Rising Scholar Best Paper Award; Lead Article and Editor's Choice.)
      • December 2024
      • Article

      Large Shocks Travel Fast

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Francesco Lippi and Ken Miyahara
      We document a sizeable increase in the frequency of price adjustments following the large energy shocks of 2022. We use a tractable New Keynesian model, calibrated to the pre-shock data, to interpret such a pattern. The calibration highlights the state-dependence of... View Details
      Keywords: System Shocks; Price; Cost; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Institutions
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Francesco Lippi, and Ken Miyahara. "Large Shocks Travel Fast." American Economic Review: Insights 6, no. 4 (December 2024): 558–574.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      Demond Martin and WellWithAll

      By: Hise Gibson, Archie L. Jones and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone
      This case study chronicles the transformative entrepreneurial path of Demond Martin, co-founder and CEO of WellWithAll, a health and wellness startup. Motivated by a pivotal life experience and deep concern for racial health inequities, Martin transitions from a... View Details
      Keywords: Customers; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Health; Recruitment; Leadership Style; Management Style; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Organizational Culture; Mission and Purpose; Relationships; Trust; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Investment; Business Startups; Transition; Entrepreneurship; Equality and Inequality; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; Health Industry; United States; Chicago; Boston; Atlanta; North Carolina; District of Columbia
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      Gibson, Hise, Archie L. Jones, and Ai-Ling Jamila Malone. "Demond Martin and WellWithAll." Harvard Business School Case 625-041, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Book

      The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal ... And What to Do About It

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      What are we to do about declining public trust and confidence in democratic capitalism, which many citizens consider a cornerstone of our national ideology and identity? In this book, I address how we can rekindle the fading light of democratic capitalism as an... View Details
      Keywords: Government and Politics; Power and Influence; Economic Systems; Culture
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      Salter, Malcolm S. The Fading Light of Democratic Capitalism: How Pervasive Cronyism and Restricted Suffrage Are Destroying Democratic Capitalism as a National Ideal ... And What to Do About It. Cambridge Elements, Elements in Reinventing Capitalism. Cambridge University Press, 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      FedEx Cyberattack (A): Navigating the NotPetya Storm

      By: Hise Gibson, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
      In 2017, FedEx’s European division — acquired the year before for $5 billion — was hit by a devastating cyberattack that destroyed thousands of computers and business systems across several countries. Corporate Chief Information Officer Rob Carter put the company’s... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Crisis Management; Disruption; Planning; Transportation Industry; United States; Europe
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      Gibson, Hise, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "FedEx Cyberattack (A): Navigating the NotPetya Storm." Harvard Business School Case 625-049, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      FedEx Cyberattack (B): Reflections and Lessons

      By: Hise Gibson, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani and Martha Hostetter
      Set in 2024, this (B) case provides an update to the (A) case (no. 625-049) about a devastating cyberattack that destroyed thousands of computers and business systems at FedEx’s European division in 2017. It describes lessons learned and changes made in the wake of the... View Details
      Keywords: Cybersecurity; Disruption; Crisis Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Europe
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      Gibson, Hise, Frank Nagle, Alicia Dadlani, and Martha Hostetter. "FedEx Cyberattack (B): Reflections and Lessons ." Harvard Business School Supplement 625-059, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Case

      AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the first of a three-part series, traces DeepMind's evolution from its 2010 founding through its acquisition by Google in 2014. Often referred to as the "Apollo project" of artificial intelligence, DeepMind used games as a testing ground to develop AI... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Creativity; Technology Industry; South Korea; China; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (A): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Case 825-073, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the second in a three-part series, explores DeepMind's evolution from developing game-specific AI to more generalized learning systems. Following AlphaGo's 2017 victory over the Go world champion, DeepMind introduced two revolutionary systems that eliminated... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Leadership; Information Technology Industry; United States; Russia; China
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (B): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-074, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Supplement

      AlphaGo (C): Birth of a New Intelligence

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      This case, the final of a three-part series, explores DeepMind's pivotal transition from mastering games to solving real-world scientific challenges. In December 2020, DeepMind's AI system AlphaFold 2 achieved a breakthrough by solving protein folding—a 50-year-old... View Details
      Keywords: Autonomy; Deep Learning; Drug Discovery; Healthcare Innovation; Neural Networks; Scientific Research; Technology Startup; AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Research and Development; Business Model; Business Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Technology Industry; United States
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "AlphaGo (C): Birth of a New Intelligence." Harvard Business School Supplement 825-075, November 2024.
      • November 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      MiDAS: Automating Unemployment Benefits

      By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
      In 2015, the state of Michigan considered whether to nominate its Michigan Integrated Data Automated System (MiDAS) for a prestigious state technology award. Launched in 2013 amid severe budget pressures, the $47 million automated fraud detection system was designed to... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; AI; Machine Learning Models; Algorithmic Data; Automation; Benefits; Compensation; Cost Reduction; Government; Fraud; Government Technology; Public Sector; Systems; Systems Integration; Unemployment Insurance; Waste Heat Recovery; AI and Machine Learning; Government Administration; Insurance; Decision Making; Digital Transformation; Employment; Public Administration Industry; United States; Michigan
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      Ghosh, Shikhar, and Shweta Bagai. "MiDAS: Automating Unemployment Benefits." Harvard Business School Case 825-100, November 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
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