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  • 05 Jul 2017
  • Working Paper Summaries

Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance

Keywords: by Alan MacCormack, Robert Lagerström, Martin Mocker, and Carliss Y. Baldwin; Tourism
  • 2017
  • Other Article

Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance

By: Alan MacCormack and Robert Lagerstrom
The modern industrial corporation encompasses a myriad of different software applications, each of which must work in concert to deliver functionality to end-users. However, the increasingly complex and dynamic nature of competition in today’s product-markets dictates... View Details
Keywords: Applications and Software; Design; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Effectiveness
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  • August 1995
  • Case

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.: IT Organization and Architecture Challenges

By: Richard L. Nolan
Presents the outcome of Air Products ICON decentralization projects. New issues are explored, including the challenges of having a decentralized MIS staff, global network, client/server architecture, new data center issues, outsourcing, a new highly strategic customer... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Information Infrastructure; Applications and Software; Organizational Design; Problems and Challenges
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  • 05 Jul 2006
  • Working Paper Summaries

Exploring the Structure of Complex Software Designs: An Empirical Study of Open Source and Proprietary Code

Keywords: by Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak & Carliss Y. Baldwin; Video Game; Web Services
  • 16 Jul 2013
  • Working Paper Summaries

Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case

Keywords: by Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack & David Dreyfus
  • 2013
  • Working Paper

Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Architecture: An Exploratory BioPharma Case

By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and David Dreyfus
We test a method that was designed and used previously to reveal the hidden internal architectural structure of software systems. The focus of this paper is to test if it can also uncover new facts about the components and their relationships in an enterprise... View Details
Keywords: Complexity; Applications and Software; Product Design; Pharmaceutical Industry
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  • 2013
  • Working Paper

Visualizing and Measuring Enterprise Application Architecture: An Exploratory Telecom Case

By: Robert Lagerstrom, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack and Stephan Aier
We test a method for visualizing and measuring enterprise application architectures. The method was designed and previously used to reveal the hidden internal architectural structure of software applications. The focus of this paper is to test if it can also uncover... View Details
Keywords: Communication Technology; Complexity; Applications and Software; Product Design; Telecommunications Industry
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  • 27 Mar 2008
  • Working Paper Summaries

Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

Keywords: by Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak & Carliss Y. Baldwin
  • March 1994 (Revised July 1995)
  • Case

Lotus Development Corp. in 1994

Jim Manzi, president and CEO of Lotus, must decide whether to position the firm as a provider of network applications or of the architectural programs required to support network applications. The decision will have lasting implications for Lotus's position in both... View Details
Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Competitive Advantage; Applications and Software; Industry Structures; Information Technology Industry
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  • October 2016
  • Article

Technical Debt and System Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Defect-related Activity

By: Alan MacCormack and Daniel J. Sturtevant
Technical debt is created when design decisions that are expedient in the short-term increase the costs of maintaining and adapting this system in future. An important component of technical debt relates to decisions about system architecture. As systems grow and... View Details
Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Performance Efficiency; Applications and Software; Infrastructure
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  • January 2004
  • Background Note

Beyond the IT Monolith

By: Marco Iansiti and Gregg Rotenberg
Leading companies are employing a radical new approach to IT--an approach that points the way to a new model of software architecture and deployment. These companies' successes seem to indicate that the problems IT critics have correctly identified are not, in fact,... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Business Processes; Change
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  • December 2005
  • Case

IBM and Eclipse (A)

IBM faces a collective action problem: It open sourced its $40 million application platform and has to convince other companies to contribute. Explores the events leading up to IBM's decision to make the Eclipse platform available as an Open Source project. In 1998,... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Open Source Distribution; Cooperation; Adoption; Computer Industry; Information Technology Industry
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    The Truth About Open Offices

    It’s never been easier for workers to collaborate—or so it seems. Open, flexible, activity-based spaces are displacing cubicles, making people more visible. Messaging is displacing phone calls, making people more accessible. Enterprise social media tools are displacing... View Details
    • 2008
    • Working Paper

    Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

    By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
    A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
    Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Information Technology Industry
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    • 2023
    • Working Paper

    Data Governance, Interoperability and Standardization: Organizational Adaptation to Privacy Regulation

    By: Sam (Ruiqing) Cao and Marco Iansiti
    The increasing availability of data can afford dynamic competitive advantages among data-intensive corporations, but governance bottlenecks hinder data-driven value creation and increase regulatory risks. We analyze the role of two technological features of data... View Details
    Keywords: Organizations; Information Technology; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Transformation
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    • 02 Nov 2010
    • First Look

    First Look: November 2, 2010

    http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPREMNET/Resources/EP31.pdf   Working PapersWhen Open Architecture Beats Closed: The Entrepreneurial Use of Architectural Knowledge Authors:Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • December 2021 (Revised January 2023)
    • Case

    Katerra (A)

    By: Lindsay N. Hyde, Thomas R. Eisenmann and Tom Quinn
    In April 2020, Katerra executives struggled with a series of decisions that would determine the fate of one of the best-funded construction startups in history. Katerra was founded in 2015 by technology-industry executive Michael Marks and commercial real estate... View Details
    Keywords: Business Startups; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Entrepreneurship; Failure; Construction; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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    • 02 Dec 2002
    • Research & Ideas

    The Secret of How Microsoft Stays on Top

    the company has built over time, which is largely embedded in its software code libraries. This base is critical to internal innovation, as it makes product development more efficient and powerful. Additionally, it spawns external... View Details
    Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
    • 06 Jun 2005
    • Research & Ideas

    Microsoft vs. Open Source: Who Will Win?

    it), the development cycle is significantly shorter. Proponents of OSS claim that if this demand-side learning (as we call it) is sufficiently strong, OSS will oust traditional software. In addition, software engineers claim that the... View Details
    Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne; Technology
    • 22 Oct 2007
    • Research & Ideas

    Bringing ‘Lean’ Principles to Service Industries

    order of tasks. A complementary tool, the SCE (system complexity estimator), ranks a software module based on its complexity and compares its actual architecture with its ideal (simplest) View Details
    Keywords: by Julia Hanna; Computer