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- All HBS Web
(4,647)
- People (2)
- News (625)
- Research (3,282)
- Events (17)
- Multimedia (8)
- Faculty Publications (2,003)
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- 02 Oct 2015
- Working Paper Summaries
Is Mandatory Nonfinancial Performance Measurement Beneficial?
- February 1993 (Revised May 1993)
- Background Note
Responsibility Centers and Performance Measurement
By: William J. Bruns Jr.
Introduces the concepts of responsibility centers and performance measurement. Expense centers, financial responsibilities such as profit centers, and investment centers are introduced, defined, and illustrated with simple examples. View Details
Bruns, William J., Jr. "Responsibility Centers and Performance Measurement." Harvard Business School Background Note 193-101, February 1993. (Revised May 1993.)
- 14 Dec 2011
- Research & Ideas
The New Measures for Improving Nonprofit Performance
couple of your comments, Mario, that I believe are critical to emphasize. Going back to your point about the differences and similarities of performance measurement in the for-profit and nonprofit sectors,... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
- October 1995 (Revised January 1999)
- Case
Western Chemical Corporation: Divisional Performance Measurement (A)
By: William J. Bruns Jr. and Roger Atherton
The president and controller of Western Chemical Corp. are discussing the best way to measure and report performance of foreign subsidiaries. One subsidiary is a joint venture with its own borrowing capacity; another is wholly owned; and a third is wholly owned and... View Details
Bruns, William J., Jr., and Roger Atherton. "Western Chemical Corporation: Divisional Performance Measurement (A)." Harvard Business School Case 196-079, October 1995. (Revised January 1999.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement
By: Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling
This paper discusses five common divisional performance measurement methods—cost centers, revenue centers, profit centers, investment centers, and expense centers—providing a theory that explains when each of these methods is likely to be the most efficient. The... View Details
Keywords: Business Units; Business Headquarters; Decisions; Cost; Investment; Investment Return; Profit; Revenue; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Managerial Roles; Performance Efficiency; Strategy
Jensen, Michael C., and William H. Meckling. "Specific Knowledge and Divisional Performance Measurement." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-025, September 2009.
- June 1992
- Article
Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement
By: George P. Baker
Baker, George P. "Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement." Journal of Political Economy (June 1992).
- Article
Putting the Brakes on Impact: A Contingency Framework for Measuring Social Performance
By: A. Ebrahim and V. K. Rangan
Ebrahim, A., and V. K. Rangan. "Putting the Brakes on Impact: A Contingency Framework for Measuring Social Performance." Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings (2010). (Included in the 2010 Best Paper Proceedings of the Academy of Management, and also runner-up for the 2010 Carlo Masini Award for Innovative Scholarship from the Public and Nonprofit Division of the Academy of Management.)
- Article
Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?
By: Robert Gibbons and Robert S. Kaplan
Agency theorists, historically, have analyzed what kinds of performance measures should be used in formal incentive contracts. For example, after Kaplan-Norton proposed a balanced scorecard of both financial and non-financial measures, some envisioned its role only in... View Details
Keywords: Relational Contracts; Performance Measurement; Informal Management; Balanced Scorecard; Economics; Mathematical Methods
Gibbons, Robert, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Formal Measures in Informal Management: Can a Balanced Scorecard Change a Culture?" American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015).
- 14 Jun 2010
- Research & Ideas
The Hard Work of Measuring Social Impact
Quantifying performance and measuring results are no longer the sole domain of for-profit enterprises. Today, many nonprofit organizations also find themselves on the hot seat—not with stockholders but with... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna
- March 1999 (Revised April 2017)
- Teaching Note
Citibank: Performance Evaluation
By: Robert Simons and Antonio Dávila
Teaching Note for (9-198-048). View Details
- 2009
- Report
Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement
By: Mark R. Kramer, Marcie Parkhurst and Lalitha Vaidyanathan
The traditional approach to measuring each individual grant and nonprofit initiative separately prevents learning and improvement, because no 2 efforts can be compared on a consistent basis. This research highlights 20 social enterprises that developed innovative... View Details
Keywords: Impact Evaluation; Impact Measurement; Social Enterprise; Organizations; Performance Effectiveness; Measurement and Metrics
Kramer, Mark R., Marcie Parkhurst, and Lalitha Vaidyanathan. "Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement." Report, FSG, July 2009.
- May 2008
- Article
Nonfinancial Performance Measures and Promotion-Based Incentives
By: Dennis Campbell
Campbell, Dennis. "Nonfinancial Performance Measures and Promotion-Based Incentives." Journal of Accounting Research 46, no. 2 (May 2008).
- 16 July 1999
- Article
Measuring Aggregate Process Performance Using AHP
By: Frances X. Frei and Patrick T. Harker
Frei, Frances X., and Patrick T. Harker. "Measuring Aggregate Process Performance Using AHP." European Journal of Operational Research 116, no. 2 (16 July 1999): 436–442.
- October 1992
- Article
Creating A Comprehensive Performance Measurement System
By: Robert G. Eccles Jr. and Philip J. Pyburn
Eccles, Robert G., Jr., and Philip J. Pyburn. "Creating A Comprehensive Performance Measurement System." Management Accounting (October 1992).
- October 2011
- Case
Raleigh & Rosse: Measures to Motivate Exceptional Service
By: Robert Simons and Michael Mahoney
In January 2010, U.S. luxury goods retailer Raleigh & Rosse is being sued by its employees for encouraging "off the clock" hours. At the center of the class action lawsuit is the famous Raleigh & Rosse performance measurement system previously thought to be the core of... View Details
Keywords: Control Systems; Performance Measurement; Goal Setting; Compensation; Incentives; Motivation; Sales Compensation; Motivation and Incentives; Goals and Objectives; Growth Management; Lawsuits and Litigation; Organizational Culture; Management Systems; Customer Focus and Relationships; Employees; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; United States
Simons, Robert, and Michael Mahoney. "Raleigh & Rosse: Measures to Motivate Exceptional Service." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-353, October 2011.
- January–February 1992
- Article
The Balanced Scorecard: Measures that Drive Performance
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David Norton
Kaplan, Robert S., and David Norton. "The Balanced Scorecard: Measures that Drive Performance." Harvard Business Review 70, no. 1 (January–February 1992): 71–79. (Reprint #92105.)
- 1999
- Chapter
Measuring the Performance of Australian Enterprises
By: Ian D. Gow and Stuart Sydney Kells
Gow, Ian D., and Stuart Sydney Kells. "Measuring the Performance of Australian Enterprises." In How Big Business Performs, edited by Peter Dawkins, Stephen King, and Michael Harris. St Leonards, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1999.
- 2006
- Article
Performance Measure Properties and the Effect of Incentive Contracts
By: J. Bouwens and L. van Lent
Using data from a third-party survey on compensation practices at 151 Dutch firms, we show that less noisy or distorted performance measures and higher cash bonuses are associated with improved employee selection and better-directed effort. Specifically, (1) an... View Details
Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Data and Data Sets; Problems and Challenges; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits; Netherlands
Bouwens, J., and L. van Lent. "Performance Measure Properties and the Effect of Incentive Contracts." Journal of Management Accounting Research 18 (2006): 55–75.
- January 2020
- Case
SK Group: Social Progress Credits
By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and David Freiberg
SK Group was one of the largest companies South Korea. A family-run conglomerate consisting of around 120 subsidiaries and employing more than 100,000, SK was tightly knit into the fabric of Korean society. SK viewed their future success as contingent upon the strength... View Details
Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Social Value; Social Development; Conglomerates; Measurement Of Purpose; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Capital Markets; Innovation; Environmental Impact; Collaboration; Social Enterprise; Social and Collaborative Networks; Social Issues; Measurement and Metrics; Value Creation; Cooperation; Environmental Sustainability; Employment; Accounting; Energy Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Chemical Industry; South Korea
Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and David Freiberg. "SK Group: Social Progress Credits." Harvard Business School Case 120-071, January 2020.