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    • All HBS Web  (595)
      • Faculty Publications  (171)

      RationalizationRemove Rationalization →

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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Reverse Information Sharing: Reducing Costs in Supply Chains with Yield Uncertainty

      By: Pavithra Harsha, Ashish Jagmohan, Retsef Levi, Elisabeth Paulson and Georgia Perakis
      Supply uncertainty in produce supply chains presents major challenges to retailers. Supply shortages create frequent disruptions in terms of promised delivery times, quantity and quality delivered. To alleviate these challenges, dual sourcing--a strategy in which... View Details
      Keywords: Information Sharing; Yield Uncertainty; Ration Gaming; Blockchain; Supply Chain; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Harsha, Pavithra, Ashish Jagmohan, Retsef Levi, Elisabeth Paulson, and Georgia Perakis. "Reverse Information Sharing: Reducing Costs in Supply Chains with Yield Uncertainty." MIT Sloan Research Paper, No. 6172-20, October 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Food Security and Human Mobility During the COVID-19 Lockdown

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Wesley W. Koo, Xina Li, Nishant Kishore, Satchit Balsari and Tarun Khanna
      During the COVID-19 crisis, millions of migrants around the world face food insecurity. This could force migrants to travel during the pandemic, exposing them to health risks and accelerating the spread of the virus. Anecdotal evidence demonstrates the importance of... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Migrants; Food Security; Mobility; Health Pandemics; Food; Distribution; Policy; Global Range
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Wesley W. Koo, Xina Li, Nishant Kishore, Satchit Balsari, and Tarun Khanna. "Food Security and Human Mobility During the COVID-19 Lockdown." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-113, May 2020.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr
      A confidential dataset with industry-level disaggregation of U.S. cross-border claims and liabilities, shows U.S. securities to be increasingly intermediated by tax-haven-financial-centers (THFC) and less regulated funds. These securities are risky, in... View Details
      Keywords: Tax Havens; Financial Centers; Geography Of Flows; Profit Shifting; Tax Avoidance; Risk; Safe Assets; Hetergeneous Firms; Endogenous Entry; Endogenous Monitoring; Regulatory Arbitrage; Assets; Safety; Risk and Uncertainty; Capital; Global Range
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, Ruth Judson, and Tim Schmidt-Eisenlohr. "Elusive Safety: The New Geography of Capital Flows and Risk." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-099, March 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • February 2020
      • Case

      Seso Global: Building a Blockchain-enabled Property Marketplace in Nigeria

      By: Boris Vallee and Yang (Dolly) Yu
      The mutual aspiration of addressing the housing shortage and improving real estate market efficiency led Daniel and Phillip to co-found Seso Global in 2017. Seso Global developed a unique integrated platform to streamline and rationalize the process of acquiring and... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Blockchain; Developing Markets; Entrepreneurial Management; Financing and Loans; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Property; Growth and Development Strategy; Developing Countries and Economies; Real Estate Industry; Africa; Nigeria
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      Vallee, Boris, and Yang (Dolly) Yu. "Seso Global: Building a Blockchain-enabled Property Marketplace in Nigeria." Harvard Business School Case 220-055, February 2020.
      • 2020
      • Article

      Mutual Funds: Skill and Performance

      By: Jonathan B. Berk, Jules van Binsbergen and Max Miller
      The authors summarize the recent literature on mutual fund manager skill and performance. They discuss the latest contributions in the field and reinterpret them through the lens of the rational expectations framework (efficient market hypothesis). They further discuss... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Financial Management; Performance Evaluation; Measurement and Metrics
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      Berk, Jonathan B., Jules van Binsbergen, and Max Miller. "Mutual Funds: Skill and Performance." Journal of Portfolio Management 46, no. 5 (2020): 17–31.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 8 Rationalizing Flow Processes

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to examine the value structure of flow production processes and to explain why it is necessary to rationalize flow processes using the tools of systematic management. I first explain the problems facing managers of multi-step flow... View Details
      Keywords: Flow Processes; Bottlenecks; Systematic Management; Production; Management; Problems and Challenges
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 8 Rationalizing Flow Processes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-032, September 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 9 Organizing to Rationalize

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to explain what the technologies of flow production with stochastic bottlenecks require and reward in organizations. I argue that organizations successfully implementing these technologies are likely to have unified governance and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; Organizational Design; Management Teams; Business History
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 9 Organizing to Rationalize." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-033, September 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Brokers vs. Retail Investors: Conflicting Interests and Dominated Products

      By: Mark Egan
      I study how brokers distort household investment decisions. Using a novel convertible bond dataset, I find that consumers often purchase dominated bonds—cheap and expensive versions of otherwise identical bonds coexist in the market. The empirical evidence suggests... View Details
      Keywords: Brokers; Fiduciary Standard; Consumer Finance; Structured Products; Household; Investment; Decisions; Motivation and Incentives; Conflict of Interests
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      Egan, Mark. "Brokers vs. Retail Investors: Conflicting Interests and Dominated Products." Journal of Finance 74, no. 3 (June 2019): 1217–1260.
      • Article

      Reverse the Curse of the Top-5

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      The past 40 years has seen a large increase in the number of articles submitted to journals ranked in the top-5 of their discipline. This increase is the rational response, by faculty, to the overweighting of publications in these journals by university promotions and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Publishing; Journals and Magazines; Power and Influence; Research
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Reverse the Curse of the Top-5." Accounting Horizons 33, no. 2 (June 2019): 17–24.
      • April 2019
      • Supplement

      Bata Versus Relaxo Exhibits and Rations Teaching Note Supplement

      By: Suraj Srinivasan
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      Srinivasan, Suraj. "Bata Versus Relaxo Exhibits and Rations Teaching Note Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 119-716, April 2019.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Reverse the Curse of the Top-5

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      The past 40 years has seen a large increase in the number of articles submitted to journals ranked in the top-5 of their discipline. This increase is the rational response, by faculty, to the overweighting of publications in these journals by university promotions and... View Details
      Keywords: Information Publishing; Journals and Magazines; Power and Influence; Research
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Reverse the Curse of the Top-5." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-052, October 2018.
      • October 2018 (Revised October 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      La-Z-Boy (A)

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Julia Kelley
      Kurt Darrow, CEO of La-Z-Boy furniture, must decide whether to continue an overhaul of the company's strategy in the face of a collapse in demand during the great recession. Having pared back La-Z-Boy's portfolio of brands and manufacturing network, he intends to... View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Manufacturing; Organizational Transformations; Reorganization; Furniture Industry; Corporate Strategy; Home Fashion; Turnaround; Portfolio Rationalization; Globalization Of Supply Chain; Brand Repositioning; Business Growth and Maturation; Brands and Branding; Competitive Strategy; Vertical Integration; Transformation; Retail Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Julia Kelley. "La-Z-Boy (A)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 319-048, October 2018. (Revised October 2018.)
      • June 2018
      • Article

      The Fed, the Bond Market, and Gradualism in Monetary Policy

      By: Jeremy C. Stein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model of monetary policy with two key features: (i) the central bank has some private information about its long-run target for the policy rate, and (ii) the central bank is averse to bond-market volatility. In this setting, discretionary monetary policy... View Details
      Keywords: Central Banking; Interest Rates; Policy; Bonds; Financial Markets
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      Stein, Jeremy C., and Adi Sunderam. "The Fed, the Bond Market, and Gradualism in Monetary Policy." Journal of Finance 73, no. 3 (June 2018): 1015–1060.
      • 2017
      • Article

      Frictions or Mental Gaps: What's Behind the Information We (Don't) Use and When Do We Care?

      By: Benjamin Handel and Joshua Schwartzstein
      Consumers suffer significant losses from not acting on available information. These losses stem from frictions such as search costs, switching costs, and rational inattention, as well as what we call mental gaps resulting from wrong priors/worldviews, or relevant... View Details
      Keywords: Information; Consumer Behavior
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      Handel, Benjamin, and Joshua Schwartzstein. "Frictions or Mental Gaps: What's Behind the Information We (Don't) Use and When Do We Care?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 1 (Winter 2018): 155–178.
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      Historical Political Economy

      By: Sophus A. Reinert
      This book is a major contribution to the study of political economy. With chapters ranging from the origins of political economy to its most exciting research fields, this handbook provides a reassessment of political economy as it stands today, while boldly gesturing... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Government and Politics; History
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      Reinert, Sophus A. "Historical Political Economy." Chap. 5 in The Palgrave Handbook of Political Economy, edited by Ivano Cardinale and Roberto Scazzieri, 133–169. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Biased Beliefs About Random Samples: Evidence from Two Integrated Experiments

      By: Daniel J. Benjamin, Don A. Moore and Matthew Rabin
      This paper describes results of a pair of incentivized experiments on biases in judgments about random samples. Consistent with the Law of Small Numbers (LSN), participants exaggerated the likelihood that short sequences and random subsets of coin flips would be... View Details
      Keywords: Probability; Economic Theory; Analysis; Incentives
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      Benjamin, Daniel J., Don A. Moore, and Matthew Rabin. "Biased Beliefs About Random Samples: Evidence from Two Integrated Experiments." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 23927, October 2017.
      • August 2017 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      Flex Hungary: Launching Production (A)

      By: Willy Shih
      This case examines design choices in the construction of flow lines. Flow lines are a popular way of arranging production because they are simple and inherently efficient. Equipment or workstations are arranged according to the sequence of steps in which a product is... View Details
      Keywords: Manufacturing; Line-balancing; Flow Line; Conveyor-paced Line; Consumer Goods; Consumer Products; Production Management; Production Planning; Production Scheduling; Operations; Production; Management; Supply Chain; Design; Analysis; Goods and Commodities; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; European Union
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      Shih, Willy. "Flex Hungary: Launching Production (A)." Harvard Business School Case 618-002, August 2017. (Revised March 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Many markets, including markets for IPOs and debt issuances, are syndicated: each winning bidder invites competitors to join its syndicate to complete production. Using repeated extensive form games, we show that collusion in syndicated markets may become easier as... View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-009, July 2017. (Revised June 2019.)
      • July 2017
      • Article

      Inflation Expectations, Learning, and Supermarket Prices: Evidence from Survey Experiments

      By: Alberto Cavallo, Guillermo Cruces and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      Information frictions play a central role in the formation of household inflation expectations, but there is no consensus about their origins. We address this question with novel evidence from survey experiments. We document two main findings. First, individuals in... View Details
      Keywords: Inflation Expectations; Survey Experiment; Rational Inattention; Supermarkets; Macroeconomics; Household; Inflation and Deflation; Policy
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      Cavallo, Alberto, Guillermo Cruces, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "Inflation Expectations, Learning, and Supermarket Prices: Evidence from Survey Experiments." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 1–35.
      • Article

      Who Will Vote Quadratically? Voter Turnout and Votes Cast Under Quadratic Voting

      By: Louis Kaplow and Scott Duke Kominers
      Who will vote quadratically in large-N elections under quadratic voting (QV)? First, who will vote? Although the core QV literature assumes that everyone votes, turnout is endogenous. Drawing on other work, we consider the representativeness of endogenously... View Details
      Keywords: Voting Turnout; Paradox Of Voting; Quadratic Voting; Pivotality; Elections; Voting; Political Elections; Mathematical Methods
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      Kaplow, Louis, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Who Will Vote Quadratically? Voter Turnout and Votes Cast Under Quadratic Voting." Special Issue on Quadratic Voting and the Public Good. Public Choice 172, nos. 1-2 (July 2017): 125–149.
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