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- Article
Lessons From Hollywood: A New Approach To Funding R&D
By: Gary P. Pisano and Andrew W. Lo
Companies find it increasingly difficult to justify long-term, risky R&D investments—particularly in science-based fields such as biotechnology, advanced materials, and energy. We argue in this article that the traditional venture model has limits for such investments... View Details
Keywords: Financial Innovation; Financial Strategy; Project Management; R&D; Start-up; Innovation Strategy; Business Model; Research and Development; Financial Management; Risk Management; Strategy
Pisano, Gary P., and Andrew W. Lo. "Lessons From Hollywood: A New Approach To Funding R&D." MIT Sloan Management Review 57, no. 2 (Winter 2016): 47–54.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Innovation, Reallocation and Growth
By: Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom and William R. Kerr
We build a model of firm-level innovation, productivity growth, and reallocation featuring endogenous entry and exit. A new and central economic force is the selection between high- and low-type firms, which differ in terms of their innovative capacity. We estimate the... View Details
Keywords: Entry; Growth; Industrial Policy; Innovation; R&D; Reallocation; Selection; Business Ventures; Resource Allocation; Performance Productivity; Policy; Research and Development; Innovation and Invention; Growth and Development; United States
Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William R. Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation and Growth." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-088, April 2013. (Revised November 2017. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18993, April 2013)
- September 2022
- Article
Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products
By: Joshua L. Krieger, Xuelin Li and Richard T. Thakor
How do innovative firms react when existing products experience negative shocks? We explore this question with detailed project-level data from drug development firms. Using FDA Public Health Advisories as idiosyncratic negative shocks to approved drugs, we first... View Details
Keywords: R&D Investments; Drug Development; Product Shocks; M&A; Biopharmaceutical Industry; FDA; System Shocks; Research and Development; Investment; Decision Making; Pharmaceutical Industry
Krieger, Joshua L., Xuelin Li, and Richard T. Thakor. "Find and Replace: R&D Investment Following the Erosion of Existing Products." Management Science 68, no. 9 (September 2022): 6552–6571.
- January 2021
- Case
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A)
By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
This case follows Christophe Weber, President and CEO of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, a leading pharmaceutical company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, as Takeda considers acquiring Shire Plc, a biotech company based in Ireland. The acquisition would turn... View Details
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmaceuticals; Biotech; Biotechnology; M&A; Mergers & Acquisitions; R&D; Talent Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Globalization; Management; Global Strategy; Talent and Talent Management; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Japan; Asia
Collis, David J., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A)." Harvard Business School Case 721-373, January 2021.
- November 2012
- Teaching Plan
The Langer Lab: Commercializing Science (TP)
By: Vicki L. Sato and Annelena Lobb
The Langer Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) was a unique operation. Its head, Robert Langer, had always focused on selecting ideas to research that would have the greatest positive impact for humanity, and he encouraged an unusual... View Details
Keywords: Computers; Industry Evolution; Entrepreneurship; Intellectual Capital; R&D; Technology Transfer; Patents; Research and Development; Massachusetts
Sato, Vicki L., and Annelena Lobb. "The Langer Lab: Commercializing Science (TP)." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 613-014, November 2012.
- October 2015
- Article
Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects
By: Alan MacCormack and Anant Mishra
Formal contracts represent an important governance instrument with which firms exercise control of and compensate partners in R&D projects. The specific type of contract used, however, can vary significantly across projects. In some, firms govern partnering... View Details
Keywords: ""Partner Integration; Contract Choice; R&D Project Management; Relational Contracts; Partnering Performance; Research and Development; Projects; Partners and Partnerships; Performance; Contracts
MacCormack, Alan, and Anant Mishra. "Managing the Performance Tradeoffs from Partner Integration: Implications of Contract Choice in R&D Projects." Production and Operations Management 24, no. 10 (October 2015): 1552–1569.
- Summer 2018
- Article
Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor
By: Daniel P. Gross
Although tractors are now used in nearly every agricultural field operation and in the production of nearly all crops, they first developed with much more limited application. Early diffusion was accordingly rapid in these narrower applications but limited in scope... View Details
Keywords: Technology Diffusion; Spatial Technology Diffusion; Farm Tractors; R&D; General-purpose Technologies; Technology Adoption; Agribusiness; Transportation; Research and Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; United States
Gross, Daniel P. "Scale versus Scope in the Diffusion of New Technology: Evidence from the Farm Tractor." RAND Journal of Economics 49, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 427–452.
- January 2021
- Supplement
Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (B)
By: David J. Collis, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
This case is a follow up to HBS Case No. 721-373, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (A). Following the events of the previous case, Takeda reached an agreement to acquire Ireland-based Shire Plc. The case follows some of the achievements and challenges Takeda and... View Details
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmaceuticals; M&A; Mergers & Acquisitions; Biotech; Biotechnology; R&D; Talent Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Globalization; Global Strategy; Talent and Talent Management; Strategy; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Japan; Asia
Collis, David J., Nobuo Sato, and Akiko Kanno. "Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-374, January 2021.
- November 2012
- Case
CSIRO: The Light Metals Flagship Decision
By: Willy Shih, Margaret P. Pierson and Dawn Lau
This case explores the challenge of investing in basic research as a public good. CSIRO was Australia's leading science and research agency, and it was chartered to enhance national prosperity through R&D. Its Flagships program was designed to align research interests... View Details
Keywords: R&D; Basic Research; Government-funded Research; Public Goods; Extractive Industries; Metals; Metals Processing; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Globalized Markets and Industries; Growth and Development; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Research and Development; Science-Based Business; Technology Adoption; Technology Platform; Manufacturing Industry; Mining Industry; Oceania; Australia
Shih, Willy, Margaret P. Pierson, and Dawn Lau. "CSIRO: The Light Metals Flagship Decision." Harvard Business School Case 613-029, November 2012.
- January 2015
- Article
Collaboration in Multi-Partner R&D Projects: The Impact of Partnering Scale and Scope
By: Anant Mishra, Aravind Chandrasekaran and Alan MacCormack
How can firms design collaboration structures for effective performance in R&D projects that involve multiple partners? To address this question, we examine the theoretical underpinnings of collaboration structures in multi-partner R&D projects—i.e., the scale and the... View Details
Keywords: Multi-Partner R&D Projects; Empirical Research; New Development; Collaboration Structures; Partnering Scale And Scope; Partners and Partnerships; Infrastructure; Performance Capacity; Research and Development; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
Mishra, Anant, Aravind Chandrasekaran, and Alan MacCormack. "Collaboration in Multi-Partner R&D Projects: The Impact of Partnering Scale and Scope." Journal of Operations Management 33-34 (January 2015): 1–14.
- April 2012
- Case
Bella Healthcare India
By: Dorothy Leonard and Sunru Yong
Bella Healthcare India was originally established in Bangalore as a low-cost manufacturing facility for a U.S.-based cardiology equipment developer. Under country manager Joseph Cherian it evolved considerably, developing its own research and development capabilities.... View Details
Keywords: India; Productivity; Organizational Development; International Business; R&D; Cross-cultural Relations; Medical Equipment & Devices; Joint Ventures; Medical Specialties; Research and Development; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Care and Treatment; Product Launch; Failure; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Bangalore
Leonard, Dorothy, and Sunru Yong. "Bella Healthcare India." Harvard Business School Brief Case 124-440, April 2012.
- February 2022
- Article
Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century
By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; Income Taxes; Corporate Taxation; Firms; Inventors; State Taxation; Business Taxation; R&D Tax Credits; Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, no. 1 (February 2022): 329–385.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU
By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
Investor-driven “short-termism” is said to harm EU public firms' ability to invest for the long term, prompting calls for the EU to better insulate managers from shareholder pressure. But the evidence offered—in the form of rising levels of repurchases and dividends—is... View Details
Keywords: Short-termism; Quarterly Capitalism; EU; Dividends; Equity Issuances; Equity Compensastion; Capital Flows; Capital Distribution; R&D; Innovation; Investment; Corporate Governance; Investment Return; Acquisition; European Union
Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Short-Termism, Shareholder Payouts, and Investment in the EU." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-054, October 2020.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Inventing the Endless Frontier: The Effects of the World War II Research Effort on Post-War Innovation
By: Daniel P. Gross and Bhaven N. Sampat
During World War II, the U.S. government launched an unprecedented effort to mobilize science for war: a newly-established Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) entered thousands of R&D contracts with industrial and academic contractors, spending one to... View Details
Keywords: World War II; Vannevar Bush; OSRD; Mission-oriented R&D; Direction Of Innovation; Geography Of Innovation; Technology Clusters; U.S. Innovation System; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development; Problems and Challenges; War; History; Government Administration; United States
Gross, Daniel P., and Bhaven N. Sampat. "Inventing the Endless Frontier: The Effects of the World War II Research Effort on Post-War Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-126, June 2020.
- Article
Trends and Predictors of Biomedical Research Quality, 1990–2015: A Meta-Research Study
By: Maryaline Catillon
Keywords: Biomedical Research; R&D; Innovation; Technology; Drug Trials; RCT; Health; Healthcare; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Policy; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Research and Development; Technological Innovation; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
Catillon, Maryaline. "Trends and Predictors of Biomedical Research Quality, 1990–2015: A Meta-Research Study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019).
- June 2012
- Case
Microsoft IT India
By: Willy C. Shih, Margaret Pierson, Alexander Down, William Gustave Jair-Shemuel Jurist, Diego Medicina and Helen Wang
Raj Biyani faced tough challenges managing Microsoft IT India: leading a remote development organization in which key decisions were made in Redmond, and managing an organization that was perceived as less strategic than its sister Microsoft India Development Center... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Development; Cross-functional Management; Foreign Subsidiaries; Strategy Alignment; Organizational Behavior; Indian Software Development; Global Distributed R&D; Software Industry; Organizational Structure; Research and Development; Operations; Leadership; Globalized Firms and Management; Business Subsidiaries; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Industry; India
Shih, Willy C., Margaret Pierson, Alexander Down, William Gustave Jair-Shemuel Jurist, Diego Medicina, and Helen Wang. "Microsoft IT India ." Harvard Business School Case 612-078, June 2012.
- Summer 2021
- Article
The World Management Survey at 18: lessons and the way forward
By: Daniela Scur, Raffaella Sadun, John Van Reenen, Renata Lemos and Nicholas Bloom
Understanding how differences in management ‘best practices’ affect organizational outcomes has been a focus of both theoretical and empirical work in the fields of management, sociology, economics, and public policy. The World Management Survey (WMS) project was born... View Details
Keywords: Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Choice Of Technology; Management Of Technological Innovation And R&D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Management Practices and Processes
Scur, Daniela, Raffaella Sadun, John Van Reenen, Renata Lemos, and Nicholas Bloom. "The World Management Survey at 18: lessons and the way forward." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 37, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 231–258.
- November 2012
- Article
The Organization of Firms Across Countries
By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
Keywords: Decentralization; Social Capital; Theory Of The Firm; Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Management Of Technological Innovation And R&D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Technology Adoption; Multinational Firms and Management
Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (November 2012). (Slides from 2008, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011.)
- 2022
- Working Paper
Multinationals and Varieties of Capitalism: When U.S. Giants Stepped into the Swiss Coordinated Labor Market in the 1950s
By: Sabine Pitteloud
This working paper investigates unintended consequences of U.S. FDI in Switzerland in the 1950s-1960s: the increased competition that U.S. firms generated within the national labor market and the challenge their hiring practices constituted for the institutional... View Details
Keywords: Multinationals; Capitalism; Business & Government Relations; Foreign Direct Investment; Immigration Policy; History; Switzerland; Americanization; R&D; Labor History; Labor Market Institutions; Tax Havens; "USA,"; Business Interest Association; Lobbying; Labor and Management Relations; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management
Pitteloud, Sabine. "Multinationals and Varieties of Capitalism: When U.S. Giants Stepped into the Swiss Coordinated Labor Market in the 1950s." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-075, June 2022.
- December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
- Case
From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem
By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he... View Details
Keywords: Israel; Israeli Start-up Nation; Innovation Economy; Entrepreneurial Mindset; Scaling-up; Unicorns; Innovation Clusters; High-tech; Innovation Management; Multinational Corporation R&D Centers; Social Equality; Two-tier Economy; Liberalizing An Economy; Foreign Investment; Military Service; Quality Of Human Capital; Socioeconomic Gaps; Labor Force Participation; Government Initiatives; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Education; Resource Allocation; Globalization; Israel
Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 517-066, December 2016. (Revised December 2018.)