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      • Faculty Publications  (49)

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      • January 2018 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      Capital Allocation at HCA

      By: W. Carl Kester and Emily R. McComb
      In early 2017, HCA Holdings, an investor-owned hospital management company, faced a strategically important capital allocation decision. After the exit of its private equity sponsors in 2016, HCA had to determine how best to allocate its substantial annual free cash... View Details
      Keywords: Capital Allocation; Cash Distribution Policy; Dividends; Share Repurchases; Growth Strategy And Execution; Growth Investing; Capital Expenditures; Debt Management; Debt Reduction; Debt Policy; Hospital Management; Investor-owned Hospital Chains; Capital Budgeting; Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Corporate Finance; Decision Choices and Conditions; Health Industry; United States
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      Kester, W. Carl, and Emily R. McComb. "Capital Allocation at HCA." Harvard Business School Case 218-039, January 2018. (Revised April 2021.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Trade Creditors' Information Advantage

      By: Victoria Ivashina and Benjamin Iverson
      Using information on the sales of debt claims for 132 U.S. Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases, we show that large trade creditors’ decisions to sell receivables of a distressed company in bankruptcy are predictive of lower recovery rates, and that in such cases these... View Details
      Keywords: Trade Credit; Distress; Bankruptcy; Credit; Information; Insolvency and Bankruptcy
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and Benjamin Iverson. "Trade Creditors' Information Advantage." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 24269, January 2018.
      • September 2017 (Revised February 2019)
      • Case

      Blackstone's GSO Capital: Crosstex Investment

      By: Victoria Ivashina, John D. Dionne and Jeffrey Boyar
      This case focuses on the Blackstone credit arm, GSO Capital as it evaluated a proposal for an equity investment into the distressed company, Crosstex Energy L.P., an integrated midstream energy company, that was hit hard by declining natural gas prices during the 2008... View Details
      Keywords: Distress Investing; Rescue Financing; Investment; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Condition
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      Ivashina, Victoria, John D. Dionne, and Jeffrey Boyar. "Blackstone's GSO Capital: Crosstex Investment." Harvard Business School Case 218-008, September 2017. (Revised February 2019.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Funds: An Evaluation of CDC 2004-12

      By: Josh Lerner, Ann Leamon, Steve Dew and Dong Ik Lee
      CDC was founded in 1948 as part of the U.K. government's efforts to develop the economic resources of Britain's remaining colonies. Since then, CDC has pursued a series of strategies to "do good without losing money," as its original mission was phrased. Its approach... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Great Britain
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      Lerner, Josh, Ann Leamon, Steve Dew, and Dong Ik Lee. "The Impact of Funds: An Evaluation of CDC 2004-12." Working Paper, October 2015.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The State of Small Business Lending: Credit Access During the Recovery and How Technology May Change the Game

      By: Karen G. Mills and Brayden McCarthy
      Small businesses are core to America's economic competitiveness. Not only do they employ half of the nation's private sector workforce—about 120 million people—but since 1995 they have created approximately two-thirds of the net new jobs in our country. Yet in recent... View Details
      Keywords: Small Business; Financing and Loans; United States
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      Mills, Karen G., and Brayden McCarthy. "The State of Small Business Lending: Credit Access During the Recovery and How Technology May Change the Game." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-004, July 2014.
      • June 2014 (Revised April 2015)
      • Background Note

      Affordable Housing and Low-Income Housing Tax Credits in the United States

      By: Arthur I Segel and Nicolas P. Retsinas
      This background note explores the basic themes surrounding the government's approach to providing housing: namely its shift from a supplier and builder of affordable housing to an approach that focuses on demand-side solutions and indirect subsidies to private... View Details
      Keywords: Housing; Welfare; Government and Politics
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      Segel, Arthur I., and Nicolas P. Retsinas. "Affordable Housing and Low-Income Housing Tax Credits in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 214-107, June 2014. (Revised April 2015.)
      • October 2013 (Revised August 2016)
      • Case

      NOWaccount

      By: Ramana Nanda, William A. Sahlman and Lauren Barley

      It was September 2013, and NOWaccount Network Corporation (NOW®) co-founders John Hayes and Lara Hodgson were putting the final touches on the presentation deck for their annual shareholders' meeting. Along with co-founder Stacey Abrams, the pair had designed NOW's... View Details

      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Finance; Entrepreneurship
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      Nanda, Ramana, William A. Sahlman, and Lauren Barley. "NOWaccount." Harvard Business School Case 814-048, October 2013. (Revised August 2016.)
      • October 2013 (Revised December 2013)
      • Teaching Note

      Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio Teaching Note

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      Keywords: Derivatives; Bankruptcy; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Private Equity; Restructuring; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 214-040, October 2013. (Revised December 2013.)
      • October 2013 (Revised November 2013)
      • Case

      Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      The credit boom that preceded the 2007-2009 financial crisis led to several lending practices that exposed banks to large risks. In particular, when the financial crisis unraveled, there were several billion dollars' worth of leveraged buyout (LBO) loans that were... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Private Equity; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Financial Markets; Investment; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Blackstone and the Sale of Citigroup's Loan Portfolio." Harvard Business School Case 214-037, October 2013. (Revised November 2013.)
      • October 2013
      • Case

      Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)

      By: Victoria Ivashina and David Scharfstein
      CIT's prepackaged bankruptcy marked the first time a major financial institution was able to successfully restructure and emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, challenging conventional views that a financial firm could not survive bankruptcy proceedings as a going... View Details
      Keywords: Debt Securities; Restructuring; Financial Services Industry
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      Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. "Oaktree and the Restructuring of CIT Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 214-035, October 2013.
      • September 2013
      • Article

      Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing

      By: Lily H. Fang, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner
      Bank-affiliated private equity groups account for 30% of all private equity investments. Their market share is highest during peaks of the private equity market, when the parent banks arrange more debt financing for in-house transactions yet have the lowest exposure to... View Details
      Keywords: Regulation; Private Equity; Leveraged Buyouts; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry
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      Fang, Lily H., Victoria Ivashina, and Josh Lerner. "Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing." Review of Financial Studies 26, no. 9 (September 2013): 2139–2173.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing

      By: Lily Fang, Victoria Ivashina and Josh Lerner
      Bank-affiliated private equity groups account for 30% of all private equity investments. Their market share is highest during peaks of the private equity market, when the parent banks arrange more debt financing for in-house transactions yet have the lowest exposure to... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Fang, Lily, Victoria Ivashina, and Josh Lerner. "Combining Banking with Private Equity Investing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19300, August 2013.
      • Article

      Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco

      By: Florencia Devoto, Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, William Pariente and Vincent Pons
      Connecting private dwellings to the water main is expensive and typically cannot be publicly financed. We show that households' willingness to pay for a private connection is high when it can be purchased on credit, not because a connection improves health but because... View Details
      Keywords: Water Supply; Urban Development; Household; Credit; Well-being; Morocco
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      Devoto, Florencia, Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, William Pariente, and Vincent Pons. "Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4, no. 4 (November 2012): 68–99.
      • Article

      Credit Access and Social Welfare: The Rise of Consumer Lending in the United States and France

      By: Gunnar Trumbull
      Research into the causes of the 2008 financial crisis has drawn attention to a link between growing income inequality in the United States and high household indebtedness. Most accounts trace the U.S. idea of credit-as-welfare to the period of wage stagnation and... View Details
      Keywords: Household Finance; Welfare State; Credit; Personal Finance; Welfare; Borrowing and Debt; France; United States
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      Trumbull, Gunnar. "Credit Access and Social Welfare: The Rise of Consumer Lending in the United States and France." Politics & Society 40, no. 1 (March 2012): 9–34.
      • 2011
      • Chapter

      The Economics of Housing Finance Reform

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      This paper analyzes the two leading types of proposals for reform of the housing finance system: (i) broad-based, explicit, priced government guarantees of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and (ii) privatization. Both proposals have drawbacks. Properly-priced... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Housing; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government and Politics
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Adi Sunderam. "The Economics of Housing Finance Reform." In The Future of Housing Finance: Restructuring the U.S. Residential Mortgage Market, edited by Martin Neil Baily. Brookings Institution Press, 2011.
      • April 2011 (Revised April 2012)
      • Case

      Angels in British Columbia

      By: Josh Lerner, Thomas Hellmann and Ilkin Ilyaszade
      The case study provides an overview of the angel investment practices and describes government policies towards angel and venture capital investing in British Columbia, Canada. It focuses in particular on the Equity Capital Program (BCECP henceforth), which provides... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Private Equity; Investment; Policy; Taxation; Performance Improvement; Programs; British Columbia
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      Lerner, Josh, Thomas Hellmann, and Ilkin Ilyaszade. "Angels in British Columbia." Harvard Business School Case 811-100, April 2011. (Revised April 2012.)
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Lawful but Corrupt: Gaming and the Problem of Institutional Corruption in the Private Sector

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      This paper describes how the gaming of society's rules by corporations contributes to the problem of institutional corruption in the world of business. "Gaming" in its various forms involves the use of technically legal means to subvert the intent of society's rules in... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Civil Society or Community; Competitive Advantage; Earnings Management; Trust; Law; Performance; Investment Funds; Private Sector; Behavior; Relationships; Goals and Objectives
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "Lawful but Corrupt: Gaming and the Problem of Institutional Corruption in the Private Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-060, December 2010.
      • November 2009
      • Case

      The HLB Turnaround

      By: Lynda M. Applegate, Bhaskar Chakravorti and Laura Winig
      Ford Pearson has recently taken over as CEO of HLB, a Chicago-based product design and development firm (and once one of the largest in the business), to help turn it around after a series of crises that had seriously threatened its survival. Pearson has personally... View Details
      Keywords: Business Organization; Business or Company Management; Private Equity; Restructuring; Product Design; Corporate Finance
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      Applegate, Lynda M., Bhaskar Chakravorti, and Laura Winig. "The HLB Turnaround." Harvard Business School Case 810-023, November 2009.
      • February 2009 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Fannie Mae: Public or Private?

      By: David A. Moss, Cole Bolton and Kimberly Hagan
      In 1987, President Ronald Reagan established the President's Commission on Privatization to identify federal government functions that could be shifted to the private sector. One agency that the Commission considered was the Federal National Mortgage Association, or... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Financial Institutions; Mortgages; Government and Politics; Business History; Privatization; Private Sector; Laws and Statutes; United States
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      Moss, David A., Cole Bolton, and Kimberly Hagan. "Fannie Mae: Public or Private?" Harvard Business School Case 709-025, February 2009. (Revised February 2022.)
      • May 2009
      • Article

      Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads

      By: Victoria Ivashina
      The paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Capital; Investment Portfolio; Credit; Diversification; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009): 300–319.
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