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  • April 2013
  • Case

Europe: An Ever Closer Union?

By: Gunnar Trumbull, Jonathan Schlefer and Diane Choi
In 2010, the European Union faces the challenges of the global financial crisis. With 27 member states, each facing different challenges, can new EU institutions respond effectively? Will its new currency, the euro, survive? View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Money; Trade; Currency; Policy; Government and Politics; European Union
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  • 10 Nov 2003
  • Research & Ideas

Globalization: The Strategy of Differences

77 percent of its profits from outside North America. But Goizueta's strategy soon ran into trouble, due in large part to the Asian currency crisis. By the end of 1999, when Douglas Daft took the reins, earnings had slumped, and Coke's... View Details
Keywords: by Pankaj Ghemawat
  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning

By: Liangzong Ma, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant challenges.... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
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  • 2017
  • Working Paper

Inventory Management for Mobile Money Agents in the Developing World

By: Karthik Balasubramanian, David F. Drake and Douglas Fearing
Mobile money systems, platforms built and managed by mobile network operators to allow money to be stored as digital currency, have burgeoned in the developing world as a mechanism to transfer money electronically. Mobile money agents exchange cash for electronic value... View Details
Keywords: Currency; Mobile Technology; Market Platforms; Developing Countries and Economies
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  • 27 Jun 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research and Ideas, June 27

optimality of capital control taxation. Publisher's link: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=52787 Summer 2017 RAND Journal of Economics Performance Feedback in Competitive Product Development By: Gross, Daniel P.... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 15 Sep 2017
  • Working Paper Summaries

Debt Redemption and Reserve Accumulation

Keywords: by Laura Alfaro and Fabio Kanczuk
  • August 2008
  • Supplement

Iceland (B): Redefining Aaa-Rated Sovereigns

By: Aldo Musacchio
In May of 2008, a team of sovereign debt analysts at Moody's had to decide whether to downgrade the country's sovereign long-term debt from Aaa to Aa1 or lower. Investor sentiment toward Iceland had changed radically in March, and the Moody's team was fearful that the... View Details
Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Currency; Financial Condition; Decision Choices and Conditions; Iceland; European Union
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  • August 2008 (Revised October 2010)
  • Case

Iceland (A)

By: Aldo Musacchio
In May of 2008, a team of sovereign debt analysts at Moody's had to decide whether to downgrade the country's sovereign long-term debt from Aaa to Aa1 or lower. Investor sentiment toward Iceland had changed radically in March, and the Moody's team was fearful that the... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Financial Crisis; Borrowing and Debt; Currency; Financial Condition; Sovereign Finance; European Union; Iceland
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  • October 2002 (Revised November 2002)
  • Case

The EU's 13th Directive on Takeover Bids: Unlucky for Some?

By: Huw Pill and Ingrid Vogel
In the late 1990s, the United States boomed in the context of the so-called New Economy. The countries of the European Union--despite their progress with integration in the form of the Single Market 1992 program and the adoption of a single currency in January... View Details
Keywords: Horizontal Integration; Corporate Governance; Germany; European Union
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  • 24 Jun 2008
  • First Look

First Look: June 24, 2008

Bazerman Abstract The optimal moment to address the question of how to improve human decision making has arrived. In recent research, judgment and decision-making scholars have moved beyond the concept of bounded rationality to recognize... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • February 1995 (Revised April 1996)
  • Case

Russia 1994

Describes Russia's transition from a centrally planned economy under Communist rule to an increasingly market-oriented economy under a more democratic political regime. Can be used to discuss the complementarity of elements of an economic strategy, and the optimal... View Details
Keywords: Transition; Economic Systems; Russia; Soviet Union
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  • 27 Mar 2018
  • First Look

First Look at New Research, March 27, 2018

associated with the passage of a directive in the European Union (EU) mandating increased nonfinancial disclosure. These disclosures relate to firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and would be applicable to firms... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 11 Sep 2018
  • First Look

New Research and Ideas, September 11, 2018

for idiosyncratic products that features the optimal stopping structure and a seller that learns about item-specific demand through the selling process. The model is estimated using novel panel data of a leading used-car dealership.... View Details
Keywords: Dina Gerdeman
  • 17 Sep 2013
  • First Look

First Look: September 17

depends on the number of customers the firm decides to target for its retention campaign. We propose a predictive model that accounts for all these elements. Our optimization algorithm uses stochastic gradient boosting, a state-of-the-art... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • Web

Behavioral Finance & Financial Stability

national banks from state laws against predatory lending by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) as a quasi-experiment to study the effect of deregulation and its interaction with competition on the supply of complex... View Details
  • Web

Podcast - Business & Environment

stakeholders, and the evolving landscape of wildfire detection technology. Carsten provides advice for aspiring climate tech entrepreneurs, emphasizing the need to align impact with profitability. Using AI to Optimize Energy Demand 20 NOV... View Details
  • 21 Apr 2009
  • First Look

First Look: April 21, 2009

centers of power for the pharmaceutical industry. A comparison of the United States and Germany in particular, and the United States and European Union more generally, suggests that how countries resolve tensions between protecting... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 17 Jan 2023
  • In Practice

8 Trends to Watch in 2023

As 2023 begins, businesses and employees face an uncertain economy and labor market, as the twin dilemmas of inflation and interest rates weigh on forecasts. Harvard Business School faculty share the top trends that they believe will shape the workplace and markets... View Details
Keywords: by Avery Forman
  • 18 Jul 2022
  • Research & Ideas

After the 'Crypto Crash,' What's Next for Digital Currencies?

Bitcoin, Terra, and Celsius has renewed calls for regulators to protect consumers from fly-by-night currency operators, scammers, and theft. How vulnerable are crypto investors, particularly the retail-level amateur investors? Kominers: I... View Details
Keywords: by Christina Pazzanese, Harvard Gazette; Financial Services; Technology
  • 08 Nov 2016
  • First Look

November 8, 2016

relationship between the complexity of an environment, the sophistication of the problem-solving processes and procedures used to optimally map problem statements into strategic actions, and the organizational structures that are best... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne